ancientgreekphilosopheraristotleviewedlaughteras“

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily

exercise precious to health.‖ But despite some claims to the contrary,

chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does

produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration,

boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen

consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good

guffaw is unlikely to have measurable cardiovascular benefits the way,

say, walking or jogging does.

In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does,

laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite. Studies dating back to the

1930s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for

up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides.

Such physical relaxation might conceivably help moderate the effects of

psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably does produce

other types of physical feedback that improve an individual’s emotional

state. According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are

partially rooted in physical reactions. American psychologist William

James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued at the end of the 19th

century that humans do not cry because they are sad but that they become

sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions

can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,

social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in

Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to hold a pen either with

their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which

would produce a disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their

smiling muscles reacted more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did

those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that

expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

以下是2011年考研英语(一)完型真题，这个不用细看，待会会说到这篇完形。

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered

blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily

exercise precious to health。‖ But __1___some claims to the contrary,

laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does

__2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood

vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard

laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___

benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。

__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does,

laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the

1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for

up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down。

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of

psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce

other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional

state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially

rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th

century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become

sad when the tears begin to flow。

Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that

emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment

published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of

würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their

teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would

produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their

enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were

contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence

emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act

of laughter could improve mood。

1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like

2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining

4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe

5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable

6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief

7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected

8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance

10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal

11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for

12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at

13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because

14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses

15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond

16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold

17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely

当我们把原文和完形的文章对照起来看的话，就能知道一篇完形是如何生成的了。蓝的外文期刊原文，棕是试卷完形文章，粉是完形与原文不同处。大家大概扫一眼就行，不用细看，直接跳啦~~

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily

exercise precious to health.‖ Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed

laughter as ―a bodily exercise precious to health。But despite some claims

to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness.

But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little

influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short-term changes

in cardiovascular function and respiration, boosting heart rate, respiratory

rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. Laughter does

__2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood

vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard

laughter is difficult to sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have

measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely

to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。

In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does,

laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite. __6__, instead of

straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently

accomplishes the __7__, Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that

laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes

after the guffaw subsides. studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that

laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes

after the laugh dies down。

Such physical relaxation might conceivably help moderate the effects of

psychological stress. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help

_9__the effects of psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing

probably does produce other types of physical feedback that improve an

individual’s emotional state. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does

produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s

emotional ing to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings

are partially rooted in physical reactions. __11____one classical theory of

emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions.

American psychologist William James and Danish physiologist Carl

Lange argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry

because they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to

flow. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry

___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow。

Although sadness also precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions

can flow from muscular responses. Although sadness also ____14___

tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular

responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz

Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany and his colleagues

asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an

artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a disappointed

expression. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz

Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany (去掉了and his

colleagues) asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their

teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would

produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling

muscles reacted more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose

mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may

influence emotions rather than just the other way around. Those forced to

exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose

months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may

influence emotions rather than just the other way rly, the

physical act of laughter could improve mood. __20__ , the physical act of

laughter could improve mood。