中古英语名词

中古英语名词

1. Renaissance (文艺复兴): A period of great cultural and artistic

change in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. It saw the

revival of interest in classical learning, a growth in scientific

exploration, and innovations in art, music, and literature.

2. Industrial Revolution (工业革命): A period of major social,

economic, and technological change that began in Britain in the

late 18th century and spread throughout the world. It saw the

development of new manufacturing processes, the growth of cities

and factories, and changes in transportation, communication, and

agriculture.

3. Enlightenment (启蒙运动): A philosophical and intellectual

movement in Europe during the 18th century that emphasized

reason, individualism, and liberty. It sought to challenge traditional

authority and promote scientific inquiry and human progress.

4. Romanticism (浪漫主义): An artistic, literary, and intellectual

movement that emerged in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th

centuries. It emphasized emotion, imagination, and individualism,

and celebrated nature, the supernatural, and the exotic.

5. Imperialism (帝国主义): A policy or practice of extending a

country's power and influence through colonization, use of military

force, or economic domination. It was prevalent in the 19th and

early 20th centuries as European powers sought to expand their

empires and exert control over other regions and peoples.

6. Modernism (现代主义): An artistic and literary movement that

emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to the

changing social, cultural, and technological landscape. It

emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and the rejection of

traditional forms and conventions.

7. Civil Rights Movement (公民权利运动): A social and political

movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s that

aimed to end racial discrimination and segregation against African

Americans. It was characterized by nonviolent protests, civil

disobedience, and legal challenges to unjust laws and practices.

8. Feminism (女权主义): A social and political movement that

advocates for gender equality and women's rights. It emerged in

the 19th century and has continued to evolve and expand in the

20th and 21st centuries, promoting issues such as reproductive

rights, equal pay, and representation in leadership positions.

9. Globalization (全球化): A process of increasing

interconnectedness and interdependence among people, businesses,

and nations around the world. It has been facilitated by advances in

technology, transportation, and communication, and has had both

positive and negative effects on economic growth, cultural

exchange, and political power dynamics.

10. Climate Change (气候变化): A long-term shift in weather

patterns and global temperatures caused by the accumulation of

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is a significant global

challenge that threatens the environment, public health, and the

economy, and requires collective action at local, national, and

international levels to mitigate and adapt to its impacts.