2010英语二真题以及答案(打印版)

2010全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best

one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the

first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.

The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in

cases in Australia, and risingnumbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the

overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any

medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of

hospitalizations and deathsamong healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began

to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials

reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu,

also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0

1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000

hospitalizations.

Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the

states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is availableahead of

expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of

those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or

those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in

other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.

Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your

answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien

Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby‟s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two

pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out

bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak

in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the

figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its

size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other

industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‟s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially

in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many

art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary

art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in

the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‟s and Christie‟s, had to pay out

nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of

1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon

that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman,

Christie‟s chief executive, says: “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early

1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie‟s revenues

in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special

report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three

Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,

waiting for confidence to return.

the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____.

art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies

auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

ful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .

A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

of the following statements is NOT ture?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.

art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

market generally went downward in various ways.

art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

n houses ' favorites

porary trends

s promoting artwork circulation

representing impressionists

most appropriate title for this text could be ___

ation of Art Prices

-to-date Art Auctions

Market in Decline

d Interest in Arts

Text2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join

them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his

wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that

their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our

family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from

work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they

often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman

reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of

communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions

of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such

as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily

life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He

doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands

to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the

breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.

is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

g to them.

ng them.

ting their careers.

D. Shsring housework.

g from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .

A generating motivation.

ng influence

g damage

Dcreating pressure

of the following are true EXCEPT_______

tend to talk more in public tan women

50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

attach much importance to communication between couples

Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?

moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .

ge break_up stems from sex inequalities.

d and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.

sational patterns between man and wife are different.

the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus

on ______

A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Txet3

over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among

consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe

counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we

can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create

new behaviors that happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested

hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new

routines.

If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers,

disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners,

vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.

Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a

cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the

production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once

bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a

meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on

makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer

psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other

products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to making

new products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying

certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies

have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

ing to ,habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deepiy rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

d water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____

[A] reveal their impact on people‟habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C]indicate their effect on people‟buying power

[D]manifest the significant role of good habits

of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‟s habits?

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]Colgate

[D]Unilver

the text wekonw that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to _____

[A]perfected art of products

[B]automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

author‟sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‟s habits is____

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biased

Text4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles

that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors

should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right

to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and

that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be

the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns

governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for

example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the

Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880

case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way

around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served

on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even

then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included

on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative

of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of

democratic reforms for the law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to

be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the

Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The

Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same

procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______

[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries

[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers

[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public

practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws

[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

[A]they were automatically banned by state laws

[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications

[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D]they tended to evade public engagement

the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______

[A]its nature and problems

[B]its characteristics and tradition

[C]its problems and their solutions

[D]its tradition and development

Section Ⅲ Translation

ions:

In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal

meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented

values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.

Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and

burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.

It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job

translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of

the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, „Just wait, you‟ll trun the corner, give

it some time.‟”

翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说„等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。‟”

47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to

your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Dear xxx,

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange

program in USA.

Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better.

Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I

go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our

friendship.

I feel obliged to thank you again.

Sincerely yours,

Zhang Wei

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from

1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have

witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest surge happens from

2005 to 2006.

This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries. The

developed countries have a limited number of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the

mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. Also at the beginning the developed countries have more

people who can afford this service. The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile

service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this

service.

As discussed above, it is not surprising to see this change. In my opinion, this trend that the number of mobile-phone

subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future.

2010年 英语二真题答案： 31 A 32 A 33 D34 C 35 B

21 D 22 A 23 B 24 C 25 C

26 A 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 B

36 A 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 D

新题型 F T T T F