考研英语二真题手译【2010-2019】

2010年Text1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethanā70m,uctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—henitmayhavecomedownto$marketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossfcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.

Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstmeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,ardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,ie’sreveeveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggeeDs—death,debtanddivorce—onewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,irstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because____.tioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids

ng“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____.fthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?eeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____nhouses'tappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___dInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'houttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'uredtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."idn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentspatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'ogistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyahecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailydtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonscene

ofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperhemostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?gfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.hefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______fthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?gebreak_ollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______introductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerText3Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”said.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”turnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—ryago,,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’veragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,ggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeatured

moisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation,ghavelearnedthatthereispowerinnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhentheta,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]dwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower[D]fthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?[A]Tide[C]Colgate[B]Crest[D]etextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]hor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____[A]indifferent[C]positive[B]negative[D]biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobetectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,states,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,ghtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracrginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

ThesystemaghwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnoenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjuryduacticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,wabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequirana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthlordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandordeprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice[D]cticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

[C]the1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]heJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity[D]ussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopment2011年Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000：restofthedeswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked？itionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful，yetlessbiased，advisersonafirm'madetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere，theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'ky，andthesharepriceisfalling，outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhaving

weatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10，000firmsandmorethan64，eytlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage，sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"untthatafterasurprisedeparture，theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases，ghacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive，hey"tradeup."Leavingriskier，smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks，evenifareviehowanttokeeps，onceagainverypopularoncampus.

ingtoParagraph1，swascriticizedfor.[A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B]failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]nfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.[A]generousinvestors[B]unbiasedexecutives[C]sharepriceforecasters[D]ingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture，thefirmislikelyto.[A]becomemorestable[B]reportincreasedearnings[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]einferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]hor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtora'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.

Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations？Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?discussionsnowseemoutofdate.ericannewspapers，whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry，20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago，butprofitallthesame.ricanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13，sedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand，sadlyformanyjournalists，theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses，87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008，accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly，Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody，butmuchofthedang"Newspaperslike…theirowndoom"(Lines3-4，Para.1)，theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies[C]werenotcharitablecorporations[D]wspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.[A]readersthreatenedtopayless[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas[D]edwiththeirAmericancounterparts，Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms[C]arelessdependentonadvertising[D]nbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness？[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.[D]tappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.[A]AmericanNewspapers：StrugglingforSurvival[B]AmericanNewspapers：GonewiththeWind[C]AmericanNewspapers：AThrivingBusiness[D]AmericanNewspapers：AHopelessStoryText3WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth，withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions，goingofftocollege

dliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses，theDepressionandthewar，Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless，andthatrestraint，incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture，madesmall，efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Ecase"lessismore"wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman，thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe，wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus，aschoolofdesign，emigratedtotheUnitedStesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture，butnonemoresothatMies.Mies'ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration，properlyorganized，ce，hebelieved，hermodernarchitects，heemployedmetal，glassandlaminatedwood-materia'ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient，ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago'sLakeShoreDrive，forexample，weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1，000squarefeet-thanthoseintheir

olderneighborsalongthecity'ywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls，theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings'detailsandproportions，thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward"less"1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1，200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The"CaseStudyHouses"commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe"lessismore"ticeffectcamefromthelandscape，aseStudyHouse，Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters，thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefttwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans'.[A]prosperityandgrowth[B]efficiencyandpracticality[C]restraintandconfidence[D]fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus？[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.

[D]ldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.[A]wasrelatedtolargespace[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration[D]trueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago'sLakeShoreDrive？[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.[D]nwelearnaboutthedesignofthe"CaseStudyHouse"？[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.[D]4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject'sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga"Bermudatriangle"ofdebt，populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems，theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore，shavelostfaiththattheeurozone'seconomies，weakerorstronger，willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency，whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope'uckbecausetheeurozone'sdominantpowers，FranceandGermany，agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone，butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.

Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness，ightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry'ststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub，amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour；intheinnercorealone，Germanyfears，asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A"southern"campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent："Europeaneconomicgovernment"ated，thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers，viacheaperborrowiy，figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured，curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization：e.g.，curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.instheworld'est，theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal：builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries，itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods，capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.

Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization，sfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro[D]ateovertheEU'ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers.[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncrises[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization[D]etheeuroproblem，Germanyproposedthat.[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreased[B]stricterregulationsbeimposed[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination[D]nchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat____.［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries［D］ingthefutureoftheEU，theauthorseemstofeel____.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopeful2012年Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,districtsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,unately,L.A.

Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfnly,nohomewohedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:hhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilysudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?herthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,istrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,sely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,pliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]dhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents_____.[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]ingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'ionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]bletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’tthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’presentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,garound,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,enwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,’smore,rserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolised

otuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,edthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:ut,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’nlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’ingkids,oradults,oftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–herainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.

[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'ingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]horsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]earnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_____.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'econcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]aljudgeshookAmerica'ieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.technologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，alappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.

ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine，iadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'bertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“hanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，mple，itisunclearwhetherthesequemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,iesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.

Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,rtcentlyheldaconventionwhicingtohanssauer,ng“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)llyspeaking,theauthor’ul

iveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,itends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;tedrespects,eryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,oralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,earchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasyfficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’respects,esociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavariehavycertainlyit,ng“tofindsilverlinings”theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstry（Line1,Para.2）to___.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]ingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.

[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]inFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]earchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]horthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructive2013年Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”istheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaverage

lifestyle,But,today,veragejustwon’’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,ore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,re’dsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,otion,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,rthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

einParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]ingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]tationinParagraph4explainsthat______[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore[D]ingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____[A]tion[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization[D]fthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,iththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,quarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,enhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,denemcomersintotwo

categories:legalorillegal,themasAmericansinthemaking,orourbro’tneedmorecategories,t,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,tthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’eenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,efertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,themtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.

Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.[D]pliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.[D]ingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___[A]fiancialincentives.[B]aglobalrecognition.[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.[D]horsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__[A]asfaithfulpartners.[B]witheconomicfavors.[C]withlegaltolerance.[D]fthebesttitleforthepassage?[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.[D]legalorillegal:3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,ratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,sawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’logistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,nsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.owwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),owfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”nreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:toricaghtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’lhavetheimagieneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment[D]ctiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.[A]canbeassociative[B]arenotunconscious[C]canbedangerous[D]rsethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.[A]trustourfirstimpression[B]doaspeopleusuallydo[C]thinkbeforeweact[D]ttmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.[A]criticalassessment[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study[C]sensibleexplanation

[D]hor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.[A]tolerant[B]uncertain[C]optimistic[D]icular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcar,EuropeCinvitedcorporatiappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegally

bindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”mendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomoreneuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.[A]womentakethelead[B]menhavethefinalsay[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed[D]opeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.[A]areflectionofgenderbalance[B]areluctantchoice

[C]aresponsetoReding’scall[D]ingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.[A]gettopbusinesspositions[B]seethroughtheglassceiling[C]balanceworkandfamily[D]hor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]nteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.[A]moresocialjustice[B]massivemediaattention[C]suitablepublicpolicies[D]greater“softpressure”2014年Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhoopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchieisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.

Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,urchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asorThisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,apparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,aynotquitebuyhappiness,butplinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.

Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandaingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]hor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]ingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]xtmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemploya

numberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Wmedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupirecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringithereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsoto

thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’gtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”ingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]recognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]oundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]d“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]einferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirun,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)erveroftearsigingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.volutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceform

others(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),rieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionofthedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’astlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.arisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.

Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingtownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericanB)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)es“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.A)havingnoeffectatallB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)estheauthorsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D)nbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.D)4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,gisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?notbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.

rdtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,hapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,glistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespestoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.munitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

hesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,ourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’singsectorneedstoaccepthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]elearnedthataffordablehousinghas__[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]ingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]einferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]horbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

2015年Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,chersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,es.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,whypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,ymen,enwhostayhome,womenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplaying

eblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butit’,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,eeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,thehousehorealotoftaskstobedone,mecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,,they’erreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’yarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.