考研 英语二2010年真题及答案

英语二2010年真题

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on

June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization

in 41 years.

The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that

convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile

and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the

organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing

only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities

noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As

much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York

City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in

late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state

and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not

seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than

600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and

began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which

is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three

million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those

_____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant

women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other

_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care

workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.

1 [A] criticized

2 [A] proceeded

3 [A] digits

4 [A] moderate

6 [A] progress

7 [A] reality

8. [A]over

10 [A] as

9 [A] stay up

[B] appointed

[B] activated

[B] numbers

[B] normal

[C]commented

[C] followed

[C] amounts

[C] unusual

[C] presence

[C] concept

[C] among

[C] fill up

[C] unless

[D] designated

[D] prompted

[D] sums

[D] extreme

[D] by

[D] favor

[D] notice

[D] to

[D] cover up

[D] until

5 [A] with [B] in [C] from

[B] absence

[B] for

[B] if

[B] phenomenon

[B] crop up

11 [A] excessive

12 [A]categories

13 [A] imparted

14 [A] released

16 [A] feasible

17 [A] prevalent

[B] enormous

[B] examples

[B] immerse

[B] relayed

[B] available

[B] principal

[B] restricted

[B] issues

[B] caring for

[C] significant

[C] patterns

[C] injected

[C] relieved

[C] taking

[C] reliable

[D]magnificent

[D] samples

[D] infected

[D] remained

[D] giving

[D] applicable

[D] initial

[D] introduced

[D] sufferings

[D] warding off

15 [A] placing [B] delivering

[C] innovative

[C] agonies

18 [A] presented

19 [A] problems

20 [A] involved in

Part A

Directions:

[C] recommended

[C] concerned with

Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,

B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of

56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on

September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a

single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest

banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising

bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare Mc

Andrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since

then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size

because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way

matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply

unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of

thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that

meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by

two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by

nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses,

Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed

works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying

Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market

since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their

peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief

executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the

market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even

though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still

higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report

said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.

The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who

does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.

A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the

author suggests that_____.

A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

C. The market generally went downward in various ways.

D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

A. auction houses ' favorites B. contemporary trends

C. factors promoting artwork circulation D. styles representing impressionists

25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___

A. Fluctuation of Art Prices B. Up-to-date Art Auctions C. Art Market in Decline D.

Shifted Interest in Arts

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that

had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative,

frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.

Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands

don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said,

"She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.

"It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep

the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women

in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with

marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist

Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she

interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their

divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in

the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on

tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his

or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social

arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He

doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands

to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their

wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a

man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman

glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

A. Talking to them. B. Trusting them. C. Supporting their careers. D. Sharing

housework.

27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably

means ___ .

A. generating motivation. B. exerting influence C. causing damage D. creating pressure

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______

A. men tend to talk more in public than women B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are

caused by failed conversation

C. women attach much importance to communication between couples

D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists. B. Marriage break-up stems

from sex inequalities.

C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.

D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on

______

A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B. a detailed description of the stereotypical

cartoon

C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D. a brief introduction to the

political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors

— habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when

customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response

to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that

remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said.

“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen

automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and

Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’

lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing

gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks,

antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured

habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,

because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their

pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other

brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage

companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly

sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now

featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin

moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and

putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol

Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that

sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part

of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially

viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that

there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this

new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to

sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in history D

are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as

to____

[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits [B] show the urgent need of daily

necessities

[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power [D] manifest the significant role of good

habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

[A]Tide [B] Crest [C] Colgate [D] Unilever

34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____

[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation [C]commercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____

[A] indifferent [B] negative [C] positive [D] biased

Text4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,

including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are

equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative

cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on

account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;

and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the

law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative

democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing

representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.

In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,

education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited

intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West

Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way

around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.

Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a

majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically

exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the

jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept

juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,

ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational

requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of

the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court

extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state

level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional

and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______

[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial

by their peers

[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service [D]judgment should consider the

opinion of the public

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws [B]the prevalent discrimination against

certain races

[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures [D]the arrogance common among the

Supreme Court justices

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required

qualifications

[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties [D]they tended to evade public

engagement

39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______

[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their

solutions[D]its tradition and development

ions:

In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on

ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will

always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life

made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action

and choice。

Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though

the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency。

It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning,

whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had

so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no

money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”

47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange

program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course。

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead。

Do not write your address. (10 points)

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing,

you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments。

You should write at least 150 words。

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

2010年考研英语二真题答案：

1 [D] designated 2 [C] followed 3 [B] numbers 4 [A] moderate5 [A] with 6 [B] absence 7 [D]

notice8. [C] among9 [B] crop up 10 [A] as 11 [C] significant 12 [D] samples13 [D] infected14

[A] released 15 [C] taking16 [B] available 17 [D] initial

18 [C] recommended19 [A] problems20 [B] caring for 21 D 22 A 23 B 24 C 25 C

26 A 27 C 28 B 29 D 30 B 31 A 32 A 33 D 34 C 35 B36 D 37 A

38 C 39 B 40 D

翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’”

Dear xxx,

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive

me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.

Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance

to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make

friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go.

I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity

to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship。

I feel obliged to thank you again。

Sincerely yours,

大作文In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed

countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant

in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have

witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007:

the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006.

This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in

developed and developing countries. The developed countries have a limited number

of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the

mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. Also at the

beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this service. The

developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile

service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing

customers subscribe to benefit from this service。

As discussed above, it is not surprising to see this change. In my opinion, this

trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will

continue for a while in the future。