when和while的区别


2023年12月23日发(作者:salt歌曲)

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when与while的用法与区别

〔一〕、when,while都有"当……时候〞的意思。

when既可表示*一点时间,也可以表示*一段时间 。

在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。

例如:

1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.

她走进我房间时,我正在看书。

2、Were you writing when the teacher came in"

教师进来的时候,你在写信吗?

3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.

他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。

〔二〕、while只能表示*一段时间,不能表示*一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。

例如:

1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.

正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。

2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.

你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。

〔三〕、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进展时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。

例如:

1、While they were talking , the bell rang.

正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。

2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.

昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作

注意:

1) 如主句谓语动词表示的是短暂动作,从句时间状语指一段时间,when while as 三者可通用。

例如:

Peter came in while /as I was watching TV.当Peter进来的时候我正在看电视。

I was watching TV when Peter came in. 当Peter进来时我正在看电视。

2) as 和 when 可与非延续性动词连用,而 while 只能与延续性动词连用。

例如:He came in when/ as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。

3) as 和 while可用来指一段时间,但 as 强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生,while强调主句表示的动作是在 while

从句的动作延续中发生。

例如:

As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.

当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。

I came in while he was reading an interesting book in his room.

when和while的区别

①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间;

while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进展时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都

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用过去进展时的时候,多用while引导,如:

a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示"在那时〞;while表示"而,却〞,表对照关系。如:

a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.

孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。

b. He is strong while his brother is weak.

他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。

具体你可以参考这一段。

when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别

when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大。

一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。

① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?〔get为短暂性动词〕你已经到如此好的工作,为何还想再新的?

②Sorry,I was out when you called me.〔call为短暂性动词〕对不起,你打时我刚好外出了。

③Strike while the iron is hot.〔is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态〕趁热打铁。

④ The students took notes as they listened.〔listen为延续性动词〕学生们边听课边做笔记。

二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。

①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.〔finished先发生〕当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.〔got to后发生〕当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。

①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.〔dance为延续性动词〕当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。

②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.〔make为延续性动词〕当她在打时,我正在写信。

3.当主句、从句动作同时进展,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时,as常表示"随着……〞;"一边……,一边……〞之意。

① As the time went on,the weather got worse.〔as表示"随着……〞之意〕

② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。

③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。

④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。

⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫。

4.在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须用一般时代替将来时。

①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。

②When the manager es here for a visit ne*t week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。

三、when用于表示"一……就……〞的句型中〔指过去的事情〕。

sb.had hardly〔=scarcely〕 done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...

①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed

my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。

②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room

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when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,就响了。

when, while, as区别详解

一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分

1. "主短从长〞型:即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:

Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis.吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。

As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient.她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。

注意:as用于引出一个持续性动词表示"在……期间〞时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和开展(development)意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进展时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have等),所以下面一句中的while不能换为as:

A:I'm going to the post office.我要去邮局。

B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps"当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗"

2. "主长从长〞型:即主句和从句为两个同时进展的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:

I always listen to the radio while I'm driving.我总是一边开车一边听收音机。

He didn't ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.他没有让我进去,他只顾看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。

但是,假设主句和从句所表示的两个同时进展的动作含有"一边……一边〞之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:

He swung his arms as he walked.他走路时摆动着手臂。

I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了,只好现编现讲。

3. "主长从短〞型:即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:

It was raining hard when [as] we arrived.我们到达时正下着大雨。

When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio.他进来时,我在听收音机。

二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分

1. 假设主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语"一……就〞的意思,英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如:

The ice cracked as[when]I stepped onto it.我一踩冰就裂了。

He jumped to his feet as the boss came in.老板一进来他立刻站了起来。

但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能将when换成as。如:

Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下起雨来了。

2. 假设主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语"刚要……就〞"正要……却〞的意思,英语一般要用as(也可用when),且此时通常连用副词just。如:

I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building.他正要离开大楼的时候,我把他截住了。

Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived.就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。

三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分

假设要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时开展变化,有类似汉语"随着〞的意思,英语习惯上要用as,而不用when或while。如:

The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。

As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.随着时间的流逝,我的记忆力似乎越来越差。

注:假设不是引导从句,而是引出一个短语,则用with,不用as。如:

With winter ing on, it's time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天到来,该买暖和衣裳了。

The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。

四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分

假设暗示一种规律性,表示"每当……的时候〞,英语一般要用when。如:

It's cold when it snows.下雪时天冷。

He smiles when you praise him.你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。

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五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分

假设主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用when。如:

When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match.等他到了,他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。

When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.她讲完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候答复似的。

六、根据是否具有"趁机〞意味来区分

1. 假设从句所表示的"当……的时候〞具有"趁机〞的意味,则通常用while。如:

Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

I tried to slip the note to him while the teacher wasn't looking.我想趁教师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他。

有时也用when。如:

He stole the money when no one was by.他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了。

The boy looks at her repeatedly when she's not looking.那男孩趁她没看他的时候不断地盯着她看。

七、根据是否用作并列连词来区分

when可用作并列连词,表示"这时(突然)〞;while也可以用作并列连词,表示"而〞"却〞(表示比照);但as则没有类似用法。如:

I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.我正要睡觉,听见有人敲门。

One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.一个人会喜欢在海滨度假,而另一个人会喜欢在山里度假。

八、根据所引出的省略句来区分

1. as和when之后均可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句;但是while一般不这样用。如:

As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan.他小时候在日本。

As [When] still a student, he wrote a novel.当他还是个学生的时候,他就写了一本小说。

2. when和while之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但as一般不这样用。如:

When [While] reading, he fell asleep.他看书时睡着了。

When [While] in trouble, ask her for help.遇到麻烦的时候你就去她帮助。

You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.你趁年轻时必须努力学习,不然到老了你会懊悔的。

when,while,as的区别和用法

三者可表示"当……时候〞,区别如下:

(1) 假设主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者都可用:

He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示"在……期间〞时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和开展(development) 意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进展时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have

等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as:

A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。

B:While you’re there, can you get me some stamps" 当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗"

(2) 假设主、从句表示两个同时进展的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用

while:

Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。

I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。

但是,假设主从句表示的两个同时进展的动作含有"一边…一边〞之意思,通常用 as:

She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。

(3) 假设从句是一个短暂性动作,主句是一个持续性动作,可用 as / when 但不用 while:

It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。

(4) 假设主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,用 as / when:

I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。

(5) 假设要表示两个正在开展变化的情况,相当于汉语的"随着〞,一般用 as:

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Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。

As it grew darker, it became colder. 天越晚,天气越冷。

(6) 表示"每当…的时候〞(暗示一种规律性),一般要用 when:

It’s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。

He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。

(7) 假设主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用 when:

I will go home when he es back. 他回来时,我就回家去。

(8) when 可用作并列连词,表示"这时(突然)〞;while 也可以用作并列连词,表示"而〞、"却〞(表示比照);但 as 则没有类似用法:

We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时天开场下雨了。

He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶。

(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句,但 while 一般不这样用:

As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。

(10) when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但 as 一般不这样用:

When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。

When [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去她帮助。

when 与 while 用法解析

连接词when与while是一对常与过去进展时合作的twins。但正如世界上没有两片完全一样的树叶一样,when与while在有着*些相似之处的同时,彼此也各有一些区别于对方的截然不同的"独特个性〞。Do you want to know the differences between them?请看——

● when 解析版

[引导时间状语从句]具体地说,它有以下几种含义:

1.说明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进展之中。例如:

When the teacher came into the classroom ,we were reading English.当教师走进教室时,我们正在读英语。

2.说明当*一动作正在进展时,另一动作发生了。如:

When Kate was flying a kite,she found a wallet lying on the ground.凯特正在放风筝时,她发现地上有个钱包。

[特别提示]当when从句放在主句之后时,它更强调*一动作的突然性,此时的when相当于and then,and suddenly,just at that time。如;

1.We were watching TV when the telephone rang.〔=We were watching TV and suddenly the telephone rang.〕我们正在看电视,〔突然〕铃响了。

试比拟:When we were watching TV, the telephone rang.我们正在看电视时,铃响了。

2.The boys were playing football when it began to rain.男孩子们正在踢球时,〔不料〕开场下雨了。

3.I was taking a walk when I came across Lily.我正在散步时,〔没想到〕遇见了莉莉。

特别是主句中有just,或when从句中有suddenly时,这种突然性更为明显、强烈。例如:

4.He was just falling asleep when he heard someone shout,"Stop the thief!〞他刚要入睡,突然听到有人喊:"抓贼!〞

5.We were doing our homework at school last night when the lights went out.昨天晚上我们正在学校写作业时,灯〔突然〕灭了。

[相关]when引导的状语从句除了上述意义之外,也常具有其他一些含义:

1.一……就……〔=as soon as〕

We will stand up when the teacher esin.教师一进来我们就起立。

2.虽然;然而;可是〔=although〕

We had only five bo*es when we needed eight.我们需要八个箱子,可是只有五个。

3.每当……〔=whenever〕

It is always very hot here when it is summer.每当夏季,这儿总是很热。

4.既然〔=since,as〕

Why did you e here on foot when you know you should e by bike?既然你知道该骑自行车来,你为何还要步行呢?

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● while 解析版

while引导状语从句,有以下两种含义:

1.表示*个动作正在进展的同时,另一动作也在进展之中,这时主从句都用进展时态,有对同类的两个动作进展比照的意味。如:

While I was playing the piano,she was dancing.我在弹钢琴,她在跳舞。

While Jim is picking apples,Kate is carrying apples to the truck.吉姆正在摘苹果,凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去。

2.表示*个动作正在进展时,又发生了另一动作〔该动作用一般过去时〕。如:

While I was reading,I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。

While we were swimming in the river,we saw a fish jump out of the water.我们正在河中游泳时,看见一条鱼跃出了水面。

[相关]

while还有以下几种常见用法:

1.只要〔=as long as〕

There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水,就会有生命。

2.而;然而[表示比照]

He is a driver while I'm a teacher.他是司机,而我是教师。

3.虽然〔=although〕;尽管[表示让步]

While I see what you say,I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你。

4.用作名词,表示"一会儿或一段时间〞,常与a,the或this等连用。如:

Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下,我会来帮你的。

Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你一直都在哪儿?

● when 与 while 区别版

综上所述,我们可以看出when与while本质的区别在于:when既可以指*一点时间,也可以指*一段时间,其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的、非延续性的,也可以是延续性的;while指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即:指一段时间时,when可用while来代替;指一点时间时,when不能用 while来代替。试比拟:

When he woke up,it was eight o'clock.〔√〕

While he woke up,it was eight o'clock.〔×〕

When I was waiting for a bus,I met her.〔√〕

While I was waiting for a bus,I met her.〔√〕

●练习版 Can you say the following sentences in English?

1.当我们到达火车站时,天正下着雪。

2.孩子们正在做游戏,突然铃响了。

3.爸爸在洗车时,妈妈在做饭。

4.琳达正在跑步时伤了自己的左腿。

5.我们在**时,每天见面。

Key:

1.When we got to the train station,it was snowing.

2.The children were playing games when the bell rang.

3.While dad was washing his car,mum was cooking.

4.When /While Linda was running,she hurt her left leg.

5.When /While we were in *i'an,we met every day.


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