语言学专业词汇

A

AcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85

Active deposit 活性沉积P393

adaptability制宜原则 P39

adjustment 调整P135

AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语 P19

Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素 P342

Affixation 缀合法 P29

All encompassing 无所不包 P ix

Aphasic 失语症患者P386

ApoP 同位短语式P188

Approximative system 近似体系 P58

arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181

Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive进行体）P114

Autonomy 自主权 P53

B

backshift后移 P370/372

bilingualism 双语学P522

Blending 拼缀法 P29

Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493

C

Cart Fames1980 对比分析 P x

circulativeness 周遍性P86

categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487

category word 范畴词P418/474/513

cleft sentence 分裂句P230

cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478

cognitive schema认知图示P386

Cohesion 粘着性 P62

Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯 P74

Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal

conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词 P436

Combination (虚词功能)组合P452

Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合 P464

Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47

Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法 P29

Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度 P299

Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120

Compound （汉语）合成词P443

Conversion 转化法 P29

Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项 P50

1

Context-sensitive rule 受上下文制约的规则P362

Convertness and overtness 隐含性与外显性P61

Copula 系词；copulative object 判断宾语；quasi-copulas 准判断动词P217

Coverb 前置动词（能愿、意向、规劝动词）和后置动词的统称；operator基本助动词/功能词P114

D

Dative case与事格 P159

defiguration还原法, figuration 形象描写P472

Description and Prescription 描写与规定 P41

descriptive approach描写态度 P39

determinative premodifier 限制性前置定语，descriptive premodifier 描绘性前置定语，

classifying premodifier 分类性前置定语 P298

Diachronic and synchronic/ diachronism and synchronism 历时与共时 P2

Diachronic experience and synchronic performance 历时经验和共时运用P314

Dichotomic 二分性，可切分为二P167

Differentiating ability 分辨力P361

Diffuse 扩散型；compact聚集型 P235

Directness 直接性， indirectness间接性， explicitness鲜明性, specificness重实，non-specificness反虚P417

Disintegration 解体P28

dismantle拆除P28

Disorganization 瓦解P28

Disposal form动词处置式(把字句) P213; pre-transitive Verb 前及物动词(赵元任：把字句)P233

Diversiform 多样性P85

Divide 长句切分；contract 长句紧缩P208

Doer and receptor 行为者与承受者 P89

Doublet/ word pair谐音叠词P426

E

End-focus 短语后焦点；front-focus 弱化前焦点 P175

End-weight词尾重心 P229

Epicene通性名词P82

Equivalence 对应 P58

evolution演进P28

Explanation 解释; Interpretation 阐释 P41

Explication 演绎法P469

Expletive 先行词P74

Expletive subject 形式主语P92

F

Family resemblances 维根斯坦：家族相似；Dissimililarilies 非相似性 Pv

Finite verb 定式动词；non-finite verb 非定式动词P236

Formal or inflexional linkage 形式或形态对接 P26

Formal indication 形式的标定 P62-3

2

Frame of word词语联立关系 P466

Functional compensation 功能互补P154

Functional expansion 功能扩大化P191

Functional redress, functional compensation 功能代偿法 P33

Function test 话题性的测试 P90

Functional word (form word, structural word) 结构词（英语），empty word虚词（汉语）, P449

closed classes 封闭性词类，P449

determiner 限定词，auxiliary助动词，pronoun代词，P449，preposition介词，qualifier 修饰词，coordinator 并列连接词，subordinator 从属连接词，interrogative 疑问词，negative

否定词P450

full word 实词（汉语）P450

G

Given-new contract已知-新知信息默契P372

H

Head word 中心词P296

Heterology 异质性/特殊素质 P95/202

HW：head word中心词 P19

Hypotaxis and parataxis 形合与意合 P75

I

Icon 图像性，iconization图像化, indexization索引化P455

identity等同（是字句功能）P219

Ideographicand semipronouncing 单体形意音文字 P vi

Ideational pvotal, idea-centered 意念主轴；formal-pivotal, formal-centered 形式主轴P18

idea-centered structure意念主轴结构；formal-centered structure形式主轴结构 P18

idiom 成语/习语；a single unit一个单位P166

image code 象码；Souund code音码 P68

immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法P232

impersonal subject非人称主语 P498

implication 暗示法P22

Inbreak of the modernity 葛兆光：现代性入侵P iv

Indicator 指示器P47

indispensability不可或缺性 P47

infiltration 渗透性，intrinsicness固有性，peculiarity特性P476

Inflectional devices 无形态程式 P viii

Inflexional formation 形态构性P453

Inflexional system 形态体系 P52

Inflexionalization 形态化P154

Inner speech 内部言语，speech 外部言语P387

Intentional word意向词语P163

intensifier加强词P378

Interlingua 中介语 P58

Interlingual comparability 语际可比性 P51

3

Interpretation 解释法 P22

Intraflexion 内部屈折P396

Introducer 引导性结构 P302

J

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 功利追求 P x

Juxtaposing 联合短语式P183

K

Kernel (句法结构) 核心P84

Kinship 与原亲属关系 P468

L

language game 语言游戏 P39

Latin Grammar马建忠：泰西格朗玛Pv

Lexicalization 词汇化 P312，inflexion 形态化 P368

Linearization对接；formation成型；aggregation聚集 P69

Linguistic determinism语言决定论，language relativity语言相对论P525

LocWP 方位短语式P187

LR (linear reverse???) 顺序线性P62；RL (reversed linear) 逆线性P69

M

Mapping 映射P68/371/492

Masculine 阳性P397

Matching 配对P52

Maximized implicitness 最大化隐含；information focus信息焦点P191

mean中数；overlap语义场界重叠；outlap非重叠P183

means of generalization实义虚化手段，affixational means词缀虚化手段 P446，inflexional

means 形态虚化手段P447, specified 实化P449

Misplacement and breach 错位和缺位P ix

Missing link 缺环P518

MnS(Means Subject) 方式主语 P102

Mode of expression表现法，relativity相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性P391

Moderate adaptation 适度的适应， adaptationby通过adjustment调整来适应P429

Mood 语气，indicative mood直陈式, imperative mood祈使式, subjunctive mood虚拟式,

Intrinsic and extrinsic 内在和外在语言结构机制，

factualsupposition事实假设, counterfactual supposition 反事实假设

deficit 欠缺的观点 P369

morpheme for morpheme义素对义素P468

Mr-Md (modifier-modified) 修饰语前置式,偏正词组；Md-Mr (modified-modifier)；hyphenated

adjectives 连字符连接的多词形容词 P167

MrS（Modifier Subject）修饰语主语 P102

Mutual compensatory 互为补充代偿P308

4

N

velli 1459-1527 马基尔维利，15世纪‘欧洲最著名政论、史论家之一P iv

Nominal 名词性 P91

Nominal phrase名词性短语P188

Nominative 主格，genitive 所有格，dative 与格，accusative 宾格P396

Non-SP sentence非主谓句P203

nucleus（语音）调核P304

O

Onomatopoeia 象声，拟声 P5

Open beginning 句首开放性；contracting ending/closed ending 句尾收缩性 P205

Operating and orientating mechanism 支配与定势作用 P487

Operator 功能词P118

Ordering 序列P70

Orientation 导向P391

Outwardness 外象（包括：表象、形象、现象、物象）P26

P

Pattern （形态体系的）结构形式P396

pair成对词P184

Paradox 悖理P182

PC of extend/ degree表程度的述补结构 P131

PC of movement 表行为态势活动向的述补结构：direction趋向；progress继续；completion 完成P128

PC of possibility表可能的述补结构 P128

PC of result表结果的述补结构 P129

PC of state表状态的述补结构 P130

Pejoration 贬义化

Perceptive language 感性语言 P x

Periodic sentence 掉尾句 P310

Phonograph 表音文字P418

Phonetic morpheme 语义语素，form morpheme 构形语素，reduplication morpheme复叠语素，

full morpheme 完全语素P460/461

Phrasal verb and particle 短语动词与小品词/介副词 P？？/154

pictograph/ hieroglyph 象形文字 P2

pivot/axle主轴P236

PlS (Place Subject) P86

Polar contrast 正反两面合二为一的复合词P473

Polarization 两极化 P87

Pragmatic motivation语用理据P175

Pragmatic presupposition 语用预设P164

Predicate-complete construction述补结构P128

predication谓词性；sub-predication次谓词性P189

Predicative phrase 谓词性短语P188

5

PrepOP 介词短语式P187

Pre-position coverb 前置助动词 P377

Principle of cause and result sequence 因果律P299

Principle of compactness of meaningful morpheme 语素结合紧密度律P299

Principle of exterior-interior sequence 表里律P296

Principle of spatial sequence 范围律P294

Principle of subject-object sequence 主客律 P295

Principle of temporal sequence 时序律P291

Principles of SV concord 主谓一致原则: Grammatical principle 语法原则, Logical principle逻辑原则, Principle of Proximity 靠近原则, Principle of Idiomaticness 惯用法原则 P115

Presupposed statement and concluding statement, PS and CS 前述与结述 P57/309

Q

QrQd (qualifier-qualified) 附加式P202

QunWP 量词短语式 P188

R

recipiency受事性；recipiency 施授关系；affection 受到影响的关系P158

Redress/ compensation （语法功能的）代偿法 P22

Reduplication（构词法）重叠法，adjunction附加法，affixation加缀法，compound 合成法P444-445

Refinement 提炼；Gradation 提升 P41

Relative comparability 相对可比性 P51

Reflective 反映式的， 折射式的P456

equivalence对应式(correspondence契合式)，inclusion涵盖式P457，

intersection 交叉式P458，substitution替代式，conflict 冲突式(exclusion 语义相悖) P459

kinship term P457，borrowing借用P459

reflection 反映P496

relativity 相关性，instrumentality实用性， generality通用性， familiarization通晓性 P392

Repetition 重叠手段，anaphora句首反复，epiphora句尾反复P427

Reversed Linear Expansion逆线性延伸；Natural Linear Expansion顺线性延伸 P205

reversibility 可反逆性P174/276

reversion 对接的反转P464

reversing and synchronizing 顺译与反逆翻译P105

pson 2002: 英语帝国主义Pv

Running sentence 流水句P235

S

SAV P62

Selective and critica 选择性和批判性 P x

Semantic combination 语义结合，grammatical combination 语法结合 P441

Semantic relevance 语义关涉性P181

Semantic structuring 语义结构过程，form structuring 形式结构过程P387

Sense morpheme义素，meaningful morpheme有义语素，free morpheme自由语素，bound

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morpheme黏着语素 P441

Sentence starter句首起词P110/503

Sequence 顺序，inverse/reverse 抵触逆序，mixed order混合序P409

Shift 转换P100

Shortening 缩略法 P29

Sign language手语P386

Signifying 意指; analogizing类比 P47

Situationally defined语境化P479

Space between words词间距P80

Staccato 断续P421

Stratification 层次结构P232

Stress domain 重音范域 P75

Stressed position 强调位P279

Structural analogy 结构类比 P81

Structural inversion 结构性倒装functional inversion 功能性倒装 stylistic inversion文体性倒装P277

Structural order-shift 结构性位移 P279

Structural word 结构性词语， substantial word 实质性词语， presupposed information 预知性信息，replenished information 补足性信息， base挤出前述， climax递进叙述 P305

StrWP 助词短语式P188

SV concord/agreement 主谓一致P88/115

SV Device主语-谓动机制 P88

SVOC P61

subcategorization（语义特征）次范畴化（转换生成语法）P368

Substitution替代法 P22

Sub-subject次主语P95

Supplement 补充 P106

Syntagmatic device组合手段 P404

Syntagmatic ordering of element 组合型序列 P275

Syntagmatic pivot 形态组合主轴P237；paradigmatic pivot 意念聚合主轴 P239

T

Tautology 重复, sysmetry对仗P424

TDC Expansion (topic-development-coda expansion) 命题-发展-结语语段扩展P257

Temporal sequence时序律 P121

Temps opératif (G. Guillaume)活动时间, system de representation 反应系统，system

d’expression 观念P387

Tense 语法的“时”，time自然概念的“时间”P340, tense particle 时态助词P342

Tensity 紧张感，importunity 短促感，monotonounsness单调感 P424

Text 语段；logical expansion 逻辑扩展式；basic level 基础层级；logical level逻辑层级 P234

Thematic 主位性P284/ 句首主题P315

Thematization主题化，thematic fronting 宾语主题前置，topicality 话题性 P316

The relative 关系语P86

TmS（time subject）P85

7

Topic, theme, 话题（主语句）comment, rheme 述题 P37-38

Topic subject 话题主语 P92

transfer 迁移P522

Transferability 可转换性P386

Transformation 转型P28 转换式P214

TR device 话题-述题机制P88

typological 类型学体系P60

V

Valence/valency价（可以带什么宾语）P152/154

Vertical 历时比较；horizontal共时比较 P49

Visual differentiation 视觉分辨率P404

Visual recognizibility 视觉可辨性P449

Vocalicending元音字尾P425

voice in covertness 隐性语态 P313, inflictive voice 不幸语态P318

volitional future 强于是将来时（表意志等）P453

W

Walter Benjamin; historical duress, geschichtlich Zwang: 历史的裹挟 P xi

Z

Zero 零位P87

ZeS-VP 零位主语结构 P106

8