专题05 阅读理解之议论文(解析版)2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题

专题05阅读理解之议论文

1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） Scientist， conservation organizations and government trying

to stop the trend of extinction

（灭绝） often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves.

But with as many as million species（物种） at risk， this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.

Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting

alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining

some lands managed by indigenous groups.

“ We show really strongly that， from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness，indigenous

－

managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas， ” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University.

And in some places， they are better than parks and preserves

－even though indigenous communities may use

their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.

Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They found that the

total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co

－ managed by indigenous groups， while

randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio－diverse. For threatened species in particular，

indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as

well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.

Each country has a different geography， climate and history. Yet remarkably， Schuster says， the best

indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out

that practices such as sustainable（可持续的） hunting， fishing and searching， as well as burning， are more

likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins， an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there’ s probably

going to be more of a connection to the land， ” he says， “ and a use of the land for the things that are there，

compared to a national park. ”

“ It’ s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the stewardship efforts

going forward， ” Schuster says， adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’ s

countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals： “ We really need all the help we can get as a global

community to prevent species extinction that we’ re facing right now. ”

8．What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2？

A．Social.

C．Protected.

B．Native.

D．Threatened.

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9．What did Richard Schuster find in his study？

A．National parks are even higher in species diversity.

B．Indigenous communities overhunted on their lands.

C．Some preserves almost have no formal protection.

D．Indigenous lands do better in keeping bio－diversity.

10．Which of the following statements may Don Hankins agree with？

A．Species diversity depends on geographical positions.

B．Humans’ everyday activities are no longer sustainable.

C．Indigenous groups have a close bond with their lands.

D．Protected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection.

11．What is the text mainly about？

A．Beating back extinction.

C．Setting up nature reserves.

【答案】

8．B

9．D

10．C

11．A

【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了在阻止物种的灭绝的方法中，国家公园和野生动物保护区对物种的保护远不如当地组织的管理保护。

8．猜测词义题。第一段“Scientist， conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of

extinction

（灭绝） often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many

as million species（物种） at risk， this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.”

科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势，往往把重点放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区。但是，由于有多达百万种物种面临危险，这项行动计划可能不足以保护野生动物。由此可知这种国家公园和野生保护区有不足之处。第二段“A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands

managed by indigenous groups.”

一项新的研究表明，通过审查“indigenous groups”管理的一些方法是有效的。由此可知，这个管理是与前面“national parks and wildlife preserves.’国家管理是不同的，是相对的。结合第三 2 / 14

B．Dealing with environmental problems.

D．Fighting against unsustainable behaviors.

段中的“even though indigenous communities may use their lands’ resources …”即使“indigenous”社区利用他们自己的土地。由此可推断出与国家保护区不同的是当地的组织管理。分析选项可知B中的native意为“当地的，本地的，土著的”符合题意，故选B。

9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil

and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co

－ managed

by indigenous groups，while randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio－diverse. For

threatened species in particular， indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species

richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.”可知，Richard Schuster的团队分析了澳大利亚、巴西和加拿大的15000多个地区。他们发现，在由当地组织管理或共同管理的土地上，野生动物的多样性最高，而随机选择的没有正式保护的区域的生物多样性最低。特别是濒危的物种，在巴西和加拿大，本地管理的土地的物种丰富度略高于受保护

土地，在澳大利亚，濒危的物种丰富度也高于受保护土地。由此可推断出当地的保护在保持生物多样性方面做得更好。故选D。

10．推理判断题。根据第四段Don Hankins， an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there’ s

probably going to be more of a connection to the land，...， compared to a national park. ”

他说:“与国家公园相比，（当地组织管理）可能会更多地与土地建立联系…。”由此可推断出C项（土著体与他们的土地有着密切的联系）符合题意，故选C。

11．主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Scientist， conservation organizations and government trying to

stop the trend of extinction”。

科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势。接着文章叙述了保护物种灭绝的重点只放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区不足以保护野生动物。于是从第二段提出了一种新的方法—当地组织的管理来阻止物种的灭绝。由此可推断出本文主要讲述有效地与物种的灭绝作斗争，即击退物种的灭绝。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。

2. I grew up in a Midwestern town where the popular wisdom was

（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets， if necessary， to make that happen.

This meant staying mum when someone offended you， rarely expressing unpleasant feelings and smiling

slightly more than is necessary. It also meant zero room for airing any sort of dirty laundry，especially not the kinds

of personal secrets that keep people up.

Many of us like to believe that hiding unpleasant truths might make them eventually go away. Instead，

keeping secrets— especially heavy ones— can spin an even more complicated web of loneliness and deception（欺骗） . So why do we do it？

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The truth can hurt. But in many situations， it’ s better to get it out and let the recovery start， rather than

allowing it to be more harmful.

The burden of holding in the truth doesn’ t just disappear. It hides in the back of your mind and can cause

disorder to your life and health.

“ If the situations in your daily life are regular reminders of the secret， and you find it stressful to keep it，

then yes， it can have emotional（感情上的） and physical consequences， ” says Dr. Dean McKay.

“ Some people also find keeping secrets stressful out of a general concern they will ‘ slip’

， and this frequent

thought of the secret can in itself be stressful. ”

This difficulty is especially worse if you feel trapped by the secret， or if it brings up other unpleasant feelings

like guilt， shame or anxiety.

If you do decide that your secrets took your joy away and would be better off being let out into the world，

and if that secret doesn’ t put other people in physical danger， there are healthy ways to share it.

12．What is considered wise for most people in the Midwestern town？

A．Expressing feelings freely.

C．Answering violence with violence.

B．Keeping unpleasant truths secret.

D．Sharing private matters with friends.

13．What is a suggested way to deal with the unpleasant situations？

A．To hide your feelings.

C．To make no response.

B．To tell a white lie.

D．To expose the truth.

14．What can be inferred about secrets in the text？

A．They are bad for your health. B．They are hardly accepted by people.

C．They bring up more positive feelings. D．They help prevent disorder in your life.

15．What will probably be talked about in the paragraph that follows？

A．Reasons for holding secrets.

C．Doubts about breaking secrets.

【答案】

12．B

13．D

14．A

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B．Ways to share secrets.

D．Tips on keeping secrets.

15．B

【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了隐藏真相，保守秘密对人是有害的。

12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“…the popular wisdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to

keep secrets， if necessary， to make that happen.”

那里的人们普遍认为，只谈论令人愉快的事情，如果有必

要的话，保守秘密，这是明智的做法。由此可推断出，B项（不说出令人不快的真相）符合题意，故选B。13．细节理解题。第四段“The truth can hurt. But in many situations， it’s better to get it out and let the

recovery start, rather than allowing it to be more harmful.”

真相会伤害你。但在很多情况下，最好是把它释放出来，恢复痊愈，而不是让它更有害。由此可知，此处的建议就是把令人不快的真相暴露出来，故选D。

14．推理判断题。根据第五段“It hides in the back of your mind and can cause disorder to your life and

health.”

它隐藏在你的内心深处，会给你的生活和健康带来混乱。第六段“If the situations in your daily life are

regular reminders of the secret， and you find it stressful to keep it， then yes， it can have emotional（感情上的） and physical consequences，” says Dr. Dean McKay.

如果你日常生活中的情况经常提醒你这个秘密，而你觉得保守它很有压力，那么是的，它可能会影响你的身心。”第七段“ Some people also find keeping secrets

stressful out of a general concern they will ‘ slip’

，and this frequent thought of the secret can in itself be stressful. ”

一些人还发现保守秘密会让他们感到压力，因为他们担心自己会出错，而这种频繁地想到秘密的想法本身就会让他们感到压力。第八段This difficulty is especially worse if you feel trapped by the secret， or if it brings

up other unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame or anxiety.

如果你觉得被这个秘密困住了，或者它带来了其他不愉快的感觉，比如内疚、羞愧或焦虑，那么这种困难就会变得更糟。最后一段的第一句 “your secrets took

your joy away and would be better off being let out into the world”

你的秘密带走了你的快乐。由此可推断出保守秘密对你的健康有害。故选A。

15． there are healthy

推理判断题。根据最后一段“if that secret doesn’t put other people in physical danger，ways to share it.”

如果这个秘密不会让其他人有身体上的危险，有一些健康的方法来分享它。可以推断出下文会谈论分享秘密的健康的方法。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。

3. Look! A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach. On the shore,

（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a deadly weapon hanging casually on

his shoulder. This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism.

Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for exciting images, lead to

such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying

the ultimate price for such proximity.

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To my sorrow, I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very

beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the

ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are

standard measures for any respected operator. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.

Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best form, this kind of travel has

very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place. This can be by making

financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of

certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing

awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.

Ecotourism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in

which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer.

8．Why was the polar bear dead?

A．It was probably hunt for its fur by tourists.

B．It was probably frightened to death by flares.

C．The proper procedures weren’t probably followed.

D．The beach wasn’t probably equipped with safety devices.

9．What is the third paragragh mainly about?

A．Ecotourism could be developed properly.

B．Financial awareness has greatly advocated.

C．Environmental awareness has greatly increased.

D．Visitors have a guilty conscience about ecotourism.

10．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragragh suggest?

A．More challenges from guards haven’t yet been accepted.

B．Better measures for conducting ecotourism are a good choice.

C．The environmental benefits from ecotourism are very obvious.

D．The positive effects of protecting tourists haven’t yet been felt.

11．What is the purpose of the text?

A．To cause readers to focus on polar bears.

B．To stimulate readers to reflect on ecotourism.

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C．To stress side effects that ecotourism has caused.

D．To analyze the reason why the polar bear was killed.

【答案】

8．C

9．A

10．B

11．B

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以一只被射杀的北极熊引入生态旅游这个话题，作者认为生态旅游一方面会造成动物死亡，另一方面也有利于生态保护，生态旅游既带来好处又带来挑战，引发读者思考。

8．细节理解题。由第二段中的The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from

the ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to flares to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are

standard measures for any respected operator. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.(熊的死本不该发生的。海滩是不是事先从船上检查过的？有没有办法用照明弹把突然出现的熊吓跑？这些是任何受人尊敬的运营商的标准措施。这一事件很可能是一次可怕的系统性失败的结果)可知，可能是没有遵循正确的程序，而导致北极熊被射杀。故选C项。

9．主旨大意题。由第三段中的Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best

form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes

place.(然而，这一事件不应否定生态旅游的价值。以最好的形式，这种旅行对所发生的环境几乎没有影响，或者确实有积极的影响)可知，第三段主要讲生态旅游可以适当发展。故选A项。

10．词义猜测题。由最后一段Ecotourism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the

regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，生态旅游也有好的一面，关闭一些旅游区域不是问题解决之道，可得出实施生态旅游的更好措施是一个不错的选择。故选B项。

11．推理判断题。由第一段中的Does our proximity to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire

for exciting images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the

losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.(我们与野生大型动物的亲近，常常被对令人兴奋的图像的渴望所驱使，是否会导致这些动物习惯于与人接触？如果真是这样，输的一方肯定会为这样 7 / 14

的接近付出最终的代价)及最后一段中的Ecotourism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as

challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the

answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，本文主要讲生态旅游出现的问题和好的一面，以激发读者对生态旅游的反思。故选B项。

4.（2020届广东省高考模拟

）

An advance in electronic publishing could make the ebook you are reading seem as dated as a silent film.

Publishers hope to explore the growing success of ebooks by releasing versions with added soundtracks and

musical accompaniments.

The noises in the first multimedia books- released in Britain on Friday - include rain hitting a window in a

Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create

tension. In America, works by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and background

noise so that, for example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride and

Prejudice.

Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for ebooks and will add excitement for

younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination

stimulated by reading.

Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers

was used to multiple sensory input. She said, “Young people have split computer screens where they may be

watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants then we should

respond to the market.”

Booktrack's sound effects work by estimating the user's reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the

software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the

soundtrack becomes out of synch(同步), a click on any word will re-set it.

Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of

reading. David Nicholls, author of One Day, the bestseller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the

opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an ebook because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”

Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an ebook bestseller, sells 18% of his

books as electronic downloads. He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don't need someone to tell

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me what tea cups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”

12．What's the passage mainly about?

A．Opinions about ebooks with soundtracks.

B．Response to the need of the book market.

C．Reasons for traditional ebooks becoming outdated.

D．Suggestions on encouraging readers' imagination.

13．What do publishers expect an ebook soundtrack to do?

A．Help to release an ebook as a film.

B．Help readers improve reading speed.

C．Add tension at a book's exciting point.

D．Get readers familiar with the background.

14．Who is in favour of added soundtracks for ebooks?

A．Mr. Darcy.

C．David Nicholls.

B．Caroline Michel.

D．Stuart MacBride.

15．What do we know about Stuart MacBride?

A．He was a person who was easy to get angry.

B．He knew a great deal about tea and tea culture.

C．Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.

D．He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.

【答案】

12．A

13．C

14．B

15．D

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。

12．主旨大意题。根据第三段Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for ebooks

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and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple

pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.可知支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。结合文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了对带有配乐的电子书的看法。故选A。

13．细节理解题。根据第二段中When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores

will create tension.可知当书的情节发展到最激动人心的部分时，背景的得分会制造紧张感。由此可知，出版商希望一个电子书原声带在书中令人兴奋的地方增加紧张感。故选C。

14．推理判断题。根据第四段中Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new

generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input.可知这家文学机构的首席执行官Caroline Michel表示，新一代懂电脑的读者习惯于多重感官输入。以及If that's what the market wants then we

should respond to the market.可知如果这是市场想要的，Caroline

那么我们应该对市场作出反应。由此可推知，Michel支持为电子书添加配乐。故选B。

15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don't need

someone to tell me what tea cups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”可知他说：“如果我在看书，我会在脑子里制造响声。我不需要有人告诉我茶杯叮当的声音是什么样的。那会激怒我的。”由此可知，Stuart

MacBride在阅读时想象与故事有关的声音。故选D。

5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）

As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other

planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is

a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity's presence on a permanent or at least

semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On

the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh

environment outside.

Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also

the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of

terraforming - adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is,

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should we?

One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much

as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits.

Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. If

Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.

What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be

preserved as it is as much as possible. We’ve already done too much damage here on our own planet. By studying

Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also

learn more about our own world. We should appreciate (he differences of other worlds instead of just transforming

them to suit our own ambitions.

8．What is the best title for the text?

A．A Is there life on Mars?

B．Can we adapt to Mars?

C．Should we terraform Mars?

D．Are Mars and Earth So Different?

9．What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars ?

A．Ensure that it's not harmed.

B．Negotiate with the Martians.

C．Change the unpopulated regions.

D．Assess the advantages and disadvantages.

10．What does the underlined word “indigenous” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Complex.

C．Foreign.

B．Native.

D．Intelligent.

11．How does the author develop his ideas in the text?

A．By referring to others' research.

B．By evaluating different planets.

C．By justifying the benefits of terraforming.

D．By arguing in support of one viewpoint.

【答案】

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8．C

9．A

10．B

11．D

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点这个问题。8．主旨大意题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗?

第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。综上，文章主要回答了这个问题：人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点。故选C。

9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they

exist”可知，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。即：要保证火星生物不受伤害。故选A。

10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it

does, should it be preserved as much as possible?... Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be

at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should

be a non-issue; it simply should not be done”可知，该段第一句提出问题：火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保护

然后下文回答，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。由此推知，该画线词所表达的意思应为：如果火星是任何土著生命的家园，那么地球改造应该是一个不存在的问题：这根本不应该做。因此，画线词的意思应为“native”。故选B。

11．推理判断题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗?

第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。因此，本文主要通过论述来阐明一个观点：无论是否在火星上建造人类定居点，我们都不应该破坏火星的原始环境。其余选项，A（提到别人的研究）；B（评估不同的星球）；C（证明改造的好处）均未提到。故选D。

6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）

Walking through a local park recently, I saw a teenage boy wearing a T-shirt that read: “Effort wins over

talent. ” It reminded me of an idea I think about often, that if you believe you can learn new things and develop new

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skills, by working hard, you are more likely to achieve those goals. This critical insight was brought up by Dr.

Carol Dweck, a Stanford University psychologist, as a “growth mindset”.

According to Dr. Dweck’s research, “talent is not fixed.” Studies by Dweck and others have shown students

who have a fixed mindset see new learning experiences as a moment to be judged, not an opportunity to learn. This

can make learning a painful struggle, leading many to give up. Students who have a growth mindset, on the other

hand, experience challenges as the way to learn and improve. They see hard work as being about learning. Overall,

they learn and achieve at higher levels, even when they start out at the same place as those with fixed mindsets.

While Dweck identified growth mindset more than a decade ago, her insights were not made up. They have

since been backed up by brain science, made possible by new technology that allows researchers to see images of

the brain at work. Studies show that, when a person responds to new and difficult material by engaging in a struggle

to learn, the neurons in their brain grow.

Believing that you can grow your abilities through effort—that talent is not fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck

puts it in her TED talk, we need to focus on showing young people the "Power of Yet” meaning, I haven't learned

this yet, or I'm not good at this yet.

Growth mindset is an important idea for educators and schools, but it's also a powerful tool that everyone can

use to help themselves to learn and achieve at high levels.

12．What does the underlined word “insight” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Scenery.

C．Question.

B．Research.

D．Idea.

13．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed?

A．By making comparisons.

C．By listing examples.

B．By giving explanations.

D．By describing details.

14．Which of the following statements shows growth mindset?

A．“Wow, you are really gifted in maths.” B．“I just don't understand it yet.”

C．“You are a clever student.” D．“My talents determine everything.”

15．What will the author probably discuss next?

A．Why to develop a better mindset.

C．How to apply the growth mindset.

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B．When to obtain a better mindset.

D．Where to learn the growth mindset.

【答案】

12．D

13．A

14．B

15．C

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比，论述了成长型思维的特点和好处。

12．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It reminded me of an idea I think about often, if you believe you can learn

new things and develop new skills, by working hard, you are more likely to achieve those goals可知，作者经常思考一个想法：如果你相信通过努力工作，你可以学到新东西，发展新技能，你就更有可能实现这些目标。这是Dr. Carol Dweck提出的一个想法。因此，insight的意思是想法、领悟。故选D。

13．推理判断题。根据第二段中on the other hand前面的内容：students who have a fixed mindset…和后面的内容：Students who have a growth mindset…可知，作者对比两种思维方式：固定型思维和成长型思维，因此，作者是通过作比较进行该段的写作。故选A。

14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Students who have a growth mindset, on the other hand, experience

challenges as the way to learn and improve. They see hard work as being about learning”可知，有成长心态的学生在学习和提高的过程中会遇到挑战。他们把努力工作看作是学习。根据第四段中的“Believing that you can

grow your abilities through effort—that talent is not fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck puts it in her TED talk, we

need to focus on showing young people the "Power of Yet” meaning, I haven't learned this yet, or I'm not good at

this yet.”可知，成长型思维相信自己可以通过努力来提高自己的能力—天赋不是固定的。因此我们需要集中精力向年轻人展示“专注过程而不是结果”，意思是，我还没学会这个，或者说我还不擅长这个。由此判断出，B选项（我只是还不明白）这属于成长型思维的人的想法。故选B。

15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Growth mindset is an important idea for educators and schools, but it's also

a powerful tool that everyone can use to help themselves to learn and achieve at high levels.”可知，成长型思维对于教育工作者和学校来说是一个重要的概念，但它也是一个强大的工具，每个人都可以用它来帮助自己学习和达到高水平。既然成长型思维这么重要，那么下面的内容承接该段，应该讨论如何运用成长型思维。故选C。

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