时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解
Passage 1
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million
（2021·重庆高二期末）tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A．Calming.
C．Refreshing.
B．Disturbing.
D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
Passage 2
（2020·江苏苏州市·高一期中） Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment.
Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into
different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the
new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to
figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of
residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is
a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different
categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based
garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in
landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage
sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations
to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help
residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the
help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas
alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable
(可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
5．What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？
A．No site for burying waste.
C．Economic cost.
6．What is the purpose of the program？
A．To practise waste classification.
C．To save oil for farming.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．A program adopted across China
C．Doing the best with waste
Passage 3
（2021·山东济南市·高二期末） A waste management system is a collective kind of efforts and has to be
supported by the government and all the people. There are some countries with the most interesting waste sorting
culture.
Germany is the country with the world's number one recycling system. It has a quite detailed way of sorting
their waste-down to the colour of glass waste and the type of paper that could be put inside the paper waste bin.
Items like used batteries, electronics, unused paints and appliances must be returned to special locations to be
recycled. Other items such as clothes, shoes and furniture are advised to be sold or donated. There's this thing called
deposit in Germany, a certain part of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the bottle. German
law requires that all shops selling bottled drinks should have such a return point.
South Koreans used to ignore how to sort their waste, but in 1995 their government took a different path from
other countries: they set up a systematic(系统的)and strict waste management standard to make sure the
development of their future economy. Their government knows that a, good waste management system brings
money-saving and environment-caring. South Korea succeeded in changing the people's behavior and did
everything to ensure their waste reduction.
It's never too hard to throw your garbage in Indonesia. What Indonesians commonly do is putting your trashes
in your personal garbage area at the front of your house, right at the side of the street. And the garbage collectors
with their big garbage truck will pick the trashes up. Imagine how much culture shock an Indonesian would suffer
B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules
D．Protecting environment is necessary
B．To protect environment.
D．To reduce the quantity of waste.
B．People’s habit.
D．Environmental pollution.
when they live in a country famous for its complicated waste sorting system such as Japan, South Korea or
Germany-a place where public shaming and fine for a failure in obeying the waste sorting rules is more likely to
happen.
8．What can we know about Germany according to the text?
A．It sorts the waste in a simple way.
B．It has the best waste-recycling system.
C．It pays no attention to sorting the waste.
D．It advises people to donate unused paints.
9．What does the underlined word "deposit" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Fund donated by the public.
B．Drinks forbidden by laws.
C．Money returned to customers.
D．Places set up for recycling.
10．Which country need improve its waste managing system?
A．Indonesia. B．Japan. C．South Korea. D．Germany.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform a way of recycling.
C．To advertise a sorting company.
B．To compare different cultures.
D．To introduce waste managing systems.
Passage 4
（2021·江苏宿迁市·高二期末） If you live in China, mandatory (强制的) garbage sorting is coming to a
city near you. In the UK, people have been sorting out rubbish for a while. For most people, it’s just second nature
to sort waste at home before throwing it into separate bins.
But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our recycling used to go to China until the
country banned foreign trash imports last year. With its booming middle class of urban consumers, China has its
own increasing waste problems that it urgently needs to deal with. During China’s new drive to sort out its trash
problem, I was keen to see what Hangzhou was doing to get residents ready.
It was when I first got to work, in a local community where residents were heading out to work,
school or for a morning walk. I was joined by Liu Lianqun, a “garbage guide” next to the local trash sorting station.
When many locals approached us, enthusiastically holding their green bags given for free, it was up to us to give
them a kind but firm telling-off. “Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some
people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do. It’s understandable. Our rubbish
can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any attempt by a stranger to spy into our bin bags is
going to be unwelcome. But Liu was very optimistic that progress was being made.
In another community, I found a different approach to garbage sorting—rewarding residents with points in
return for their recyclable waste. By scanning a QR code through a smart phone app, locals can collect points for
their cardboard, plastic bottles and old clothing, and exchange them for goods or cash in local shops.
If common people could see truck after truck pouring glass, paper and plastic into landfill with their own eyes,
they would likely give garbage separation a lot more attention. For China’s garbage separation campaign, education
will be essential in the long term.
12．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Foreign trash imports have done great harm to China.
B．Imports of foreign garbage have not been banned up to now.
C．Residents in Hangzhou are ready for garbage sorting.
D．Most of the foreign garbage in China comes from Britain.
13．What does the underlined word “telling-off ” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Carrying out severe punishment.
C．Pointing out their mistakes seriously.
B．Showing a warm welcome.
D．Giving them guidance.
14．Why is it understandable for residents to get angry at being told how to sort garbage?
A．Because the green bags are given to them free of charge.
B．Because residents there tend to be defensive towards strangers.
C．Because only food items can be kept in kitchen waste garbage bags.
D．Because the contents in green bags may let out personal information.
15．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Wealth hidden in waste
B．Less garbage, clearer environment
C．More points, more rewards
D．Good start for garbage sorting
Passage 5
（2020·江苏盐城市·高一月考） Wearing a protective suit, Jiang Aiqin waited for the arrival of the
garbage trucks.
She was about to start her voluntary work: garbage classification. But once she’d been working for a while, the
17-year-old of Chongqing Nankai Middle School realized that sorting out garbage by hand is a torturous(折磨人的)
and time-consuming process.
From the 2,000 replies to an online questionnaire she designed, Jiang found that only half of the residents were
able to sort out their garbage and many blamed their difficulties on the poor classification system.
Jiang wondered what she could do to help out with the problem. It was her mother that gave her the hint: She
suggested that Jiang introduce artificial intelligence(人工智能) into garbage classification.
Inspiration struck, leading her to design a new app.
When users come to the front of a bin, they describe the garbage on their smartphones and create a QR code
sticker(二维码标签). Using a machine beside the dustbin, they scan the code, which then tells them the correct bin
to use.
With the app, you can track(追踪) the progress of your trash. “It would save residents troubles and inform
them about garbage classification,” said Jiang. “As the method spread from household to household, the efficient
disposal of garbage in cities would be established.”
Although the teenager had a blueprint in mind, she didn’t know how to program an app. To this end, Jiang
visited an environmental protection company for help. She told the company about her app idea, and as a result
won recognition for her innovation(发明) from the company’s experts.
Finally, Jiang did a further duty as a citizen: She wrote to local government about her idea. Replying, the
government told her that “The design is creative and workable” and that “a clean environment needs the help of
citizens like you.”
16．All of the following contribute to the creation of the garbage sorting app EXCEPT _______.
A．Jiang Aiqin’s mother.
C．the government
17．What’s the purpose of Jiang’s app?
A．To make garbage classification efficient.
B．environmental experts
D．Jiang Aiqin’s classmates
B．To earn her a large quantity of money.
C．To earn her much higher social status.
D．To monitor people for garbage classification.
18．In order to use the garbage classification app, users needn’t _______.
A．come to the front of a bin
B．create a QR code sticker
C．use a smartphone to scan the code
D．describe garbage on their smartphone
19．Which of the following word can describe Jiang Aiqin?
A．Particular.
C．Sensitive
Passage 6
（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高一期末） With people wearing face masks to protect themselves from
being infected with the novel coronavirus, a concern now is how they are dealing with their used masks. As used
face masks may carry the coronavirus, they shouldn't be carelessly thrown away as waste. Since the virus can
survive for one or two days in wet conditions, the used masks may become a new source of infection.
Given that the garbage sorting has recently been carried out in only a few cities, mixed waste commonly exists.
The mixture of polluted masks and recyclable waste may cause a possible danger to rubbish collectors when they
put hands in the garbage cans to collect recyclable items. What's worse, if someone just throws a used mask on the
street, someone might pick it up, or try to collect it to sell second-hand.
With the spread of the novel coronavirus, there has obviously been a high demand for protective equipment
such as face masks among ordinary people, with the resulting generation of a huge quantity of what may be
considered medical waste. Thus, the problem is how to deal with this mass of medical waste, particularly the used
face masks outside of hospitals. Communities should have special trash cans around to collect used masks. If these
are not provided, people should put the waste into plastic bags before casting them aside, so they are not exposed to
the air.
As the main risk of medical waste is infectivity, disinfection, whether by steam, chemicals or microwave, is
very important. According to regulations, only licensed companies should collect, transport and do the final
B．Determined.
D．Modest
management of medical waste. For example, medical waste must be collected in special containers,and be
transported in special vehicles by qualified people.
20．What problem is described in paragraph 1?
A．Used masks may cause infection. B．Used masks are difficult to recycle.
C．The virus spreads quickly in wet conditions. D．The novel coronavirus infection is worsening.
21．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about?
A．The causes of sorting garbage.
C．The harm of using second-hand masks.
B．The ways of recycling used masks.
D．The risk of handling used masks improperly.
22．What do the underlined words "casting them aside" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Destroying rubbish. B．Throwing waste.
23．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It costs a lot to collect and transport medical waste.
B．The hospital infection is mainly from medical waste.
C．The rules of dealing with medical waste are very strict.
D．License companies should be responsible for infection.
Passage 7
（2021·北京西城区·） Garbage cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you
throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no
magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling,
composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Let's take a quick look at each.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into
paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save materials, and lower
energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting
waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.
Landfilling is the oldest method of managing waste. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury
garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it
is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of
landfills so that poisonous garbage liquid doesn't get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners don't always work.
C．Marking rubbish. D．Reusing waste.
Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants
to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfills.
Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown.
Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of
this decomposition is compost. Compost can be added to the soil to make the soil richer and better for growing
crops.
One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to
create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the
waste directly. The heat from the incineration process can boil water, which can power steam generators.
Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable
resources that could be recycled.
Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can, what
happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to
recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.
24．Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragraph?
A．To creatively support his argument with evidence.
B．To point out that garbage doesn't disappear by itself.
C．To make the language more attractive to please readers.
D．To draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.
25．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Some think recycling is a waste of time.
B．Incineration may destroy recyclable resources.
C．Finding new locations is the focus of landfilling.
D．The purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.
26．According to the passage, landfilling_____________________.
A．involves burying garbage in a hole
C．squeezes garbage together
B．reduces the horrible smells
D．protects ground water
27．Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?
A．Magic: Bringing Back What Was Once Lost
B．Deal with the garbage: Which is Best for You?
C．Methods of Waste Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
D．Do Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and Composting
Passage 8
（2021·张家口市宣化第一中学高二期末） China still dumps most of the garbage it generates in
landfills, which could pollute soil, water and air. Today, China is facing a problem similar to the one Japan faced in
the 1970s, especially in its coastal cities which have a relatively high economic growth rate and a large population
but comparatively limited land space, resulting in serious environmental pollution.
China has just started its garbage sorting journey, and it will take time for the people to make it a habit of
sorting garbage at source.
Shanghai is among China's first cities to introduce garbage classification and also the country's most serious in
its performing. Since July 1, 2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage into four different
categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined up to 200 yuan for failing to sort
their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50，000 yuan.
The city government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address
the "one-size-fits-all" method. The country is about to invest over 21 million yuan in the construction of garbage
processing facilities to meet demands.
Following Shanghai, Beijing is also pushing ahead with garbage sorting legislation (立法) in the continual
national action to get all of China sorting garbage. Not forced yet, the Chinese capital is already carrying out
garbage sorting in more than 200 residential communities and it's trying to get more residents on board by making
the system smarter. Now it's introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system, by setting up little
cameras in many sets of bins.
However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register (注册) for the system. Once
registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal
(处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins don't just
calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.
China welcomes the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage classification.
For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to implement garbage sorting by the end of this year, and 90
percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile commitment. It is good for the
environment and essential for the country's long-term development, and may finally turn out to be a promising
industry as well.
28．What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system？ ______
①Gain rewards
②Open up the bin
③Register for the system
④Scan a QR code on the bin
A．④②③① B．③④②① C．②④③① D．④③②①
29．What does the underlined word "implement" in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A．engage B．enforce C．emphasize D．encourage
30．What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A．If tourists forget to sort their waste properly, they will be fined 200 yuan.
B．Residents in Beijing have to sort garbage into four different categories.
C．The intelligent garbage bins can only show garbage weight.
D．Garbage sorting can also become a profitable business in future.
31．Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting？ ______
A．To promote eco-friendly lifestyle.
B．To build a garbage sorting system.
C．To increase the use of artificial intelligence.
D．To support the construction of garbage processing facilities.
Passage 9
（2020·浙江绍兴市·高二期末） The demand for proper waste disposal has become increasingly urgent.
While powerful organizations and giant companies are to be held responsible for the majority of carbon emissions（排放）, we can still do our part in reducing our carbon footprints. And it can be done by simple segregation（分类） and proper garbage disposal. In the small city of Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, an app called Hakoot is
looking to solve this problem.
Hakoot was created by brothers Efren Jamolod Jr. and Jesrome Jamolod, both lovers of nature. They were first
inspired to create the app because of a debate in a Facebook group in Dapitan city about garbage collection
problems.
Efren states, "When we looked at it, we thought we can do something about this. So we started to put forward
some solutions. We tried to validate this problem based on our research. It does not exist only in Dapitan. It
（证实）is everywhere in the country, mostly in third world countries.
Efren explains, "We developed two applications. One for the garbage collectors, and one for the residents（居, where they can do real-time monitoring. The garbage collectors will do the garbage collection and they will be
民）able to see the location and the type of garbage the residents will be disposing of. At the same time, the end-user
will be able to monitor the garbage collectors' location, when it will arrive, and the distance from his location."
It is noted that it is still up to the individual to segregate. With the pressing issue of climate change, proper
garbage disposal can greatly reduce our carbon footprints. Efren says, "It's a huge part of it. Garbage collection is a
daily activity. Every day we consume. Therefore, more or less, we produce waste. If that's not handled properly,
then there's no recycling, then we need to reproduce more products."
32．What caused the brothers to develop the app?
A．Their concern about garbage issues.
C．Their dislike of defeat in the debate.
B．Their enthusiasm about inventions.
D．Their confidence in their research.
33．What can we infer about waste disposal from the last paragraph?
A．Hakoot has proved to be quite efficient.
C．People dispose of rubbish improperly.
34．What is the passage meant to tell us?
A．The proper ways to collect and deal with garbage.
B．What we can do to contribute to waste disposal.
C．A scientific approach to recycling industry waste.
D．An app developed to help the disposal of garbage.
Passage 10
（2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·高二期末） If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a “lesson” in
sorting garbage, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations. It’s now required that people
should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to
B．Efforts individuals make matter a lot.
D．Waste segregation is hard to accomplish.
sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations,
following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major
Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People’s Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of
Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection
of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said
they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own
waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn’t give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua
University, told China Daily. He also added “the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the
past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone”
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan,
waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of
garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into
specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and
blue bins for paper and cardboard.
35．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．People will be fined not less than 200 yuan.
B．Shanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.
C．All the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.
D．Poisonous waste belongs to four categories in sorting.
36．Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Not all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.
B．Garbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.
C．People in Shanghai aren’t fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.
D．People may be put in prison because of littering in Germany.
37．What can be inferred from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．Legal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.
B．There is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.
C．He supports the legal regulations in garbage sorting.
D．The sorting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.
38．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Hard to Recycle Appropriately
B．Serious Waste Problems in Big Cities
C．Garbage Sorting Practice in Shanghai
D．Important Regulations in Shanghai
Passage 11
（2020·北京石景山区·高一期末）Sort trash, save Earth
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1,
Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of
garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
Why is garbage sorting a big problem? It’s because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our soil,
air and water. Actually we can make use of some garbage again.
And first, we need to sort our garbage. For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin,
people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will
pollute the environment.
Can’t factories sort garbage for us? Yes, they can. But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money.
If we all sort our own garbage, things will become much easier.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
• Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back.
You can get one to two yuan per bottle. People like this because they can get money and protect the environment at
the same time.
• Japan: A trash truck comes to people’s doors to pick up their garbage. It plays music when it’s coming. There
are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
• Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride
costs three large bottles, five medium bottles or 10 plastic cups. But the bottles must be clean.
• Shanghai: Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai
Harmful garbage
Recyclable garbage
includes lamps, batteries,
includes paper, books,
nail polish (指甲油 ), and
boxes, newspapers, and
other things with harmful
glass bottles.
chemicals.
39．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.
B．Many people don’t like Shanghai’s garbage-sorting policy.
Wet garbage usually
comes from the kitchen,
such as food, vegetables,
flowers, leaves and
eggshells.
Dry garbage is
anything you cannot put
into the other three bins. It
includes pens, toilet paper,
tape, hair, and towels.
C．Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.
D．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.
40．With the battery example, the writer tries to tell us .
A．how to sort our garbage
B．the importance of sorting our garbage
C．what harmful waste is
D．the difficulty of sorting our garbage
41．Why can’t we ask factories to sort garbage?
A．Because we don’t have this kind of factory.
B．Because factories ask for too much money.
C．Because it takes too many workers to do it.
D．Because not all garbage can go to factories.
42．In which country can people take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations?
A．Germany.
Passage 12
B．Indonesia. C．Japan. D．China.
（2020·山东青岛市·高三三模） If the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the
planet, garbage-sorting is where the efforts start. Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory
garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required to
classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste. People who fail to
sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.
Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced rewards to encourage residents to sort their garbage.
According to Xinhua, residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and then exchange the
points they accumulate for daily necessities such as soap.
Garbage sorting practices have reached over 70 percent of housing estates in 18 cities, including Shanghai,
Xiamen and Hangzhou, according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Shanghai first
enacted a mandatory garbage-sorting regulation in July 2019 and has had a 90 percent compliance (服从) rate
among its housing estates.
According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that
garbage-sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem
in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted.
According to Xinhua, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. Also, some
previous garbage regulations didn’t include fines for people who failed to obey them.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua
University, told China Daily, “Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people
to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and
littering.”
43．What can we learn about the new regulation in Beijing?
A．It hasn’t been put into use yet.
B．Residents can sort the garbage as they like.
C．People can get money if they classify their domestic waste correctly.
D．Those who can’t sort the garbage as the new rule requires shall be fined.
44．What’s the problem in garbage sorting in China?
A．Most people are unaware of its importance in protecting environment.
B．Some people don’t want to take the trouble to sort the garbage.
C．Only residents in big cities can sort the trash correctly.
D．The government doesn’t have enough money to support garbage sorting.
45．What can we infer from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．It’s difficult to carry out garbage sorting in China.
B．Some laws in garbage-sorting are needed.
C．People in developed countries can better sort the garbage.
D．We should learn from Japan.
46．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Garbage sorting, a new start in China
C．Argument on garbage sorting
Passage 13
（2020·赤峰二中高一月考） Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China,especially after
Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.
Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to
government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies,
outlining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not
subject to responsibilities.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will
be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are
now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations (违背). The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than
that, he said.
The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on
citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others —
and leave it in a corresponding (相应的) dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are
recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed
workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites
will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no
B．New regulations in Beijing
D．How to sort domestic garbage
color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In
other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such
as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
47．Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?
A．Coke cans.
C．Thrown-away batteries.
48．It’s known from the passage that _______.
A．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing
B．Green color indicates recyclable waste like deserted clothes
C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded throughout Beijing
D．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now
49．What is the best title for the text?
A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai
B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai
C．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing
D．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing
50．Where can you read the article?
A．A fashion magazine.
C．A government report.
Passage 14
（2020·内蒙古包头市·高三期末） Recently, the most heated topic of “which is the right bin for my
garbage” has swept China.
Shanghai is among China’ s first cities to introduce garbage classification (垃圾分类) and also the country’s
most serious in its performing. Since July 1,2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage
into four different categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined 200 yuan for
failing to sort their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50,000 yuan.
The government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address the
B．A science book.
D．A newspaper.
B．Used books.
D．Abandoned iron pots.
“one-size-fits-all” method. The country is about to invest over 21 billion yuan in the construction of garbage
processing facilities to meet demands. Now it’s introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system,
by setting up little cameras in many sets of bins.
However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register for the system. Once
registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal
(处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins don’t just
calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.
China is stepping into the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage
classification. For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to carry out garbage sorting by the end of 2019,
and 90 percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile endeavor. It is good for the
environment and important for the country’s sustainable development (可持续发展), and may finally turn out to be
a promising industry as well.
51．What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system?
① Gain rewards.
② Open up the bin
③ Register for the system.
④ Scan a QR code on the bin.
A．③④②①
C．③①②④
B．④②③①
D．④③②①
52．What does the underlined word “endeavor” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effort.
C．Announcement.
53．What can we know from the text?
A．The intelligent bins can only show garbage weight.
B．Residents have to sort garbage into four different categories in Shanghai.
C．If companies forget to sort their waste, they can be fined 200 yuan.
D．Tourists can avoid being fined for failing to sort their waste correctly.
54．Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting?
A．To build a garbage sorting system.
B．Fashion.
D．Decision.
B．To increase the use of artificial intelligence.
C．To promote sustainable development of environment.
D．To support the construction of garbage processing facilities.
Passage 15
If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage（2020·全国高二专题练习）, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations. It's now required that people
（垃圾分类）（条例）should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to
sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020,
garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported
People's Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of
Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection
of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said
they think they are adequately（充分地）sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it's partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own
waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn't give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
"It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting." Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua
University, told China Daily.
Liu Xinyu, a researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told China Daily that the importance of
the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan,
waste sorting has become a basic survival skill. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific
categories. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow binsfor plastic and metals and blue bins for paper
（垃圾桶）and cardboard.
55．What do we know about garbage sorting in Shanghai?
A．It sets an example for many other cities in China.
B．People should put their garbage into two categories.
C．People will be fined 200 yuan each time they break the regulations.
D．Shanghai is the only city to introduce garbage-sorting regulations in China.
56．What is the current situation of garbage sorting in China?
A．Some people can properly sort their garbage.
B．Few people know the importance of garbage sorting.
C．People are not happy with the current garbage sorting regulations.
D．China's garbage-sorting problem is the most serious in the world.
57．Which of the following best explains "compulsory" underlined in paragraph 6?
A．Willing.
C．Selected.
58．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Why garbage sorting is important.
B．How other countries sort garbage.
C．Garbage sorting has started in China.
D．The world's garbage problem is becoming worse.
Passage 16
（2021·新疆高三三模） A couple of years ago, I learned this lesson. That day, I took a taxi to Grand
Central Station. We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space
right in front of us. 59．
The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, got out of his car and started yelling bad
words at us. 60． And I mean he was friendly. So, I said, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your
car and sent us to the hospital! That was when my taxi driver told me what I now call: the law of the garbage truck.
61． They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their
garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it, and if you let them, they’ll dump it on you. When someone wants to
dump their problems on you, don’t take it personally. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. 62．
I started thinking: how often do I let garbage trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage
and spread it to other people? 63．
What about you? What will happen in your life if you let more garbage trucks pass you by? Life is too short to
B．Motivated.
D．Forced.
wake up in the morning with regrets.
A．We will surely to do that again.
B．You will be happy at what you did.
C．And it is twice as far from my home.
D．Many people are like garbage trucks.
taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.
day I said, “I’m not going to do that any more.
taxi driver slammed (猛踩) on his brakes and missed the other car’s back end by just inches!
Passage 17
（2021·西藏拉萨市·高三一模） Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage
can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can
get from doing so. 64． It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
65． The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities.
Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example,
a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage
classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage
and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. 66． Its body is actually
a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can
automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. 67．
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.68． With
smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of
building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A．Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B．Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C．It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D．Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
will affect China’s transformation towards green development.
200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.
Passage 18
（2021·浙江高一月考） A new law came into use in Shanghai on Monday, requiring every individual,
families and companies to sorttheir trash into different trash cans. Locals are now required to separate trash
（分类）into four kinds: food waste, residual waste, harmful waste and recyclable waste. According to the new law, a
200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it.69．
On the first day of practice of the rules, it was found that 38. 1 percent of hotels and 33.2 percent of companies
didn't meet the requirements.70．. The success in residentialneighborhoods was a result of early practice
（居民的）in pilot（试点的）neighborhoods around the city, which had caused mixed feelings among the public since June.
71．Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model and taking active steps to solve the trash problem in
big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the rule has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes
about sorting their garbage.
The final goal of the trash sorting program is to reduce waste and increase recycling. Shanghai's24 million
residents produce 56,000 tons of trash every day.72．Actually, Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against
trash disposal,as trash sorting has been popular nationwide.73．Those cities will set up a basic system to classify
and dispose of their house old garbage by 2020, and by 2050, cities at the prefecture leveland above should
（地级）have the system in place.
A．Only 7.4 percent of the residential neighborhoods needed to be corrected.
B．Sales of trash cans on Taobao also increased before the regulation took effect.
C．On Sina Weibo, the topic of trash sorting has caused a heated discussion.
D．People in different cities have different attitudes towards sorting their trash.
of the trash,ends up being buried, which wastes precious land and can pollute water and soil if not solved
properly.
country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, including Beijing and Guangzhou.
for companies, the fine can hit 5,000 to 50,000 yuan.
时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解
专题03 垃圾分类
Passage 1
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million
（2021·重庆高二期末）tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A．Calming.
C．Refreshing.
B．Disturbing.
D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to
re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审
视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest
source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to
drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von
Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the
straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利
用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:
Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von
Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look
like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。
4．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to
illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work,
titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic,
which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all
at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
Passage 2
（2020·江苏苏州市·高一期中） Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment.
Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into
different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the
new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to
figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of
residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is
a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different
categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based
garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in
landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage
sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations
to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help
residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the
help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas
alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable
(可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
5．What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？
A．No site for burying waste.
C．Economic cost.
6．What is the purpose of the program？
A．To practise waste classification.
C．To save oil for farming.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．A program adopted across China
C．Doing the best with waste
【答案】
5．D 6．A 7．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为保护环境，中国正要实施垃圾分类的计划及其意义。
B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules
D．Protecting environment is necessary
B．To protect environment.
D．To reduce the quantity of waste.
B．People’s habit.
D．Environmental pollution.
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there
is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different
categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.(然而，考虑到填埋垃圾带来的环境灾难，减少填埋垃圾的数量迫在眉睫。分类，将垃圾分类成不同的类别，如有害垃圾，可回收垃圾和厨房垃圾，是一个关键的解决方案)”可推知，环境污染是废物分类主要原因。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in
place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020.(目前，全国46个城市正在实施一项计划，目标是在2020年底前建立垃圾分类处理系统)”可知，这个项目的目的是实行废物分类。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段中“Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims
to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020.(目前，全国46个城市正在实施一项计划，目标是在2020年底前建立垃圾分类处理系统)”以及最后一段中“With public involvement, China’s
garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to
making the planet a better place to live in.(在公众的参与下，中国的垃圾分类计划不仅将有助于国家的可持续发展，也将使地球成为一个更适合居住的地方)”可知，本文主要讲述了为保护环境，中国正要实施垃圾分类的计划及其意义。选项C“尽最大努力处理垃圾。”突出主题，体现了中国处理垃圾的决心，适合做标题。故选C项。
Passage 3
（2021·山东济南市·高二期末） A waste management system is a collective kind of efforts and has to be
supported by the government and all the people. There are some countries with the most interesting waste sorting
culture.
Germany is the country with the world's number one recycling system. It has a quite detailed way of sorting
their waste-down to the colour of glass waste and the type of paper that could be put inside the paper waste bin.
Items like used batteries, electronics, unused paints and appliances must be returned to special locations to be
recycled. Other items such as clothes, shoes and furniture are advised to be sold or donated. There's this thing called
deposit in Germany, a certain part of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the bottle. German
law requires that all shops selling bottled drinks should have such a return point.
South Koreans used to ignore how to sort their waste, but in 1995 their government took a different path from
other countries: they set up a systematic(系统的)and strict waste management standard to make sure the
development of their future economy. Their government knows that a, good waste management system brings
money-saving and environment-caring. South Korea succeeded in changing the people's behavior and did
everything to ensure their waste reduction.
It's never too hard to throw your garbage in Indonesia. What Indonesians commonly do is putting your trashes
in your personal garbage area at the front of your house, right at the side of the street. And the garbage collectors
with their big garbage truck will pick the trashes up. Imagine how much culture shock an Indonesian would suffer
when they live in a country famous for its complicated waste sorting system such as Japan, South Korea or
Germany-a place where public shaming and fine for a failure in obeying the waste sorting rules is more likely to
happen.
8．What can we know about Germany according to the text?
A．It sorts the waste in a simple way.
B．It has the best waste-recycling system.
C．It pays no attention to sorting the waste.
D．It advises people to donate unused paints.
9．What does the underlined word "deposit" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Fund donated by the public.
B．Drinks forbidden by laws.
C．Money returned to customers.
D．Places set up for recycling.
10．Which country need improve its waste managing system?
A．Indonesia. B．Japan. C．South Korea. D．Germany.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform a way of recycling.
C．To advertise a sorting company.
【答案】
8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各个国家的废物管理系统。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Germany is the country with the world's number one recycling system.（德国是世界上拥有最大的回收系统的国家。）”可知，德国有最好的废物回收系统。故选B项。
B．To compare different cultures.
D．To introduce waste managing systems.
9．词义猜测题。根据下文“a certain part of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the bottle.（瓶装饮料价格的一部分，如果你把瓶子退回去，你就能收回来。）”可知，deposit指的是可以退还给顾客的钱。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ Imagine how much culture shock an Indonesian would suffer when they live
in a country famous for its complicated waste sorting system such as Japan, South Korea or Germany-a place where
public shaming and fine for a failure in obeying the waste sorting rules is more likely to happen.（想象一下，当一个印尼人生活在一个像日本、韩国或德国这样以其复杂的垃圾分类系统而闻名的国家时，他们会遭受多大的文化冲击。在这样一个地方，如果不遵守垃圾分类规则，公众羞辱和更有可能发生。）”可推断，印尼需要改善其垃圾管理系统。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A waste management system is a collective kind of efforts and has to be
supported by the government and all the people.（废物管理系统是一种集体努力，必须得到政府和所有人的支持。）”以及全文内容可知，本文的目的是为了介绍废物管理系统。故选D项。
Passage 4
（2021·江苏宿迁市·高二期末） If you live in China, mandatory (强制的) garbage sorting is coming to a
city near you. In the UK, people have been sorting out rubbish for a while. For most people, it’s just second nature
to sort waste at home before throwing it into separate bins.
But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our recycling used to go to China until the
country banned foreign trash imports last year. With its booming middle class of urban consumers, China has its
own increasing waste problems that it urgently needs to deal with. During China’s new drive to sort out its trash
problem, I was keen to see what Hangzhou was doing to get residents ready.
It was when I first got to work, in a local community where residents were heading out to work,
school or for a morning walk. I was joined by Liu Lianqun, a “garbage guide” next to the local trash sorting station.
When many locals approached us, enthusiastically holding their green bags given for free, it was up to us to give
them a kind but firm telling-off. “Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some
people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do. It’s understandable. Our rubbish
can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any attempt by a stranger to spy into our bin bags is
going to be unwelcome. But Liu was very optimistic that progress was being made.
In another community, I found a different approach to garbage sorting—rewarding residents with points in
return for their recyclable waste. By scanning a QR code through a smart phone app, locals can collect points for
their cardboard, plastic bottles and old clothing, and exchange them for goods or cash in local shops.
If common people could see truck after truck pouring glass, paper and plastic into landfill with their own eyes,
they would likely give garbage separation a lot more attention. For China’s garbage separation campaign, education
will be essential in the long term.
12．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Foreign trash imports have done great harm to China.
B．Imports of foreign garbage have not been banned up to now.
C．Residents in Hangzhou are ready for garbage sorting.
D．Most of the foreign garbage in China comes from Britain.
13．What does the underlined word “telling-off ” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Carrying out severe punishment.
C．Pointing out their mistakes seriously.
B．Showing a warm welcome.
D．Giving them guidance.
14．Why is it understandable for residents to get angry at being told how to sort garbage?
A．Because the green bags are given to them free of charge.
B．Because residents there tend to be defensive towards strangers.
C．Because only food items can be kept in kitchen waste garbage bags.
D．Because the contents in green bags may let out personal information.
15．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Wealth hidden in waste
B．Less garbage, clearer environment
C．More points, more rewards
D．Good start for garbage sorting
【答案】
12．A 13．C 14．D 15．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要以杭州为例，介绍了中国开始执行垃圾分类的新举措，并获得了大部分居民的支持，但未来还有很长的路要走。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our
recycling used to go to China until the country banned foreign trash imports last year.”（但像大多数英国人和其他西方人一样，在中国去年禁止进口外国垃圾之前，我根本不知道我们大部分的回收垃圾都流向了中国。）可知，之前英国和西方国家的回收垃圾都流向了中国，但在去年中国开始禁止进口外国垃圾，由此可推断出，之所以中国开始禁止进口外国垃圾，是因为外国垃圾的进口给中国造成了很大的危害。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后句““Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some
people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do.”（“厨余垃圾只是食物！没有纸巾！没有纸！没有塑料！”有些人接受了我们的建议，而另一些人显然对被告知该怎么办感到愤怒。）可知，后“Pointing out their mistakes seriously.”意为“认文讲述的是我们向居民告知垃圾分类的要求，纠正他们的错误，真指出他们的错误”，符合句意，告诉他们“厨余垃圾只是食物！没有纸巾！没有纸！没有塑料！”正是在认真指出他们的错误。“give them a kind but firm telling-off”表示“亲切但坚定地指出他们的错误。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Some people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told
what to do. It’s understandable. Our rubbish can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any
attempt by a stranger to spy into our bin bags is going to be unwelcome.”（有些人接受了我们的建议，而另一些人显然对被告知该怎么办感到愤怒。这是可以理解的。我们的垃圾可能是非常私人的和我们自己保留的东西。任何陌生人试图窥探我们的垃圾袋都是不受欢迎的。）可知，有些人感到愤怒是因为垃圾袋里的东西是我们私人的东西，陌生人窥探我们的垃圾袋可能会泄露我们的个人隐私。由此可知，居民因为被告知如何分类垃圾而感到愤怒是可以理解的，是因为绿袋子里的东西可能泄露个人信息。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第二段关键句“During China’s new drive to sort out its trash problem, I was
keen to see what Hangzhou was doing to get residents ready.”（在中国分类垃圾问题的新举措中，我很想看看杭州是如何让居民做好准备的。）可知，本文主要以杭州为例，介绍了中国开始执行分类垃圾的新举措，并获得了大部分居民的支持，但未来还有很长的路要走。“Good start for garbage sorting”意为“垃圾分类的良好开端”，能够概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 5
（2020·江苏盐城市·高一月考） Wearing a protective suit, Jiang Aiqin waited for the arrival of the
garbage trucks.
She was about to start her voluntary work: garbage classification. But once she’d been working for a while, the
17-year-old of Chongqing Nankai Middle School realized that sorting out garbage by hand is a torturous(折磨人的)
and time-consuming process.
From the 2,000 replies to an online questionnaire she designed, Jiang found that only half of the residents were
able to sort out their garbage and many blamed their difficulties on the poor classification system.
Jiang wondered what she could do to help out with the problem. It was her mother that gave her the hint: She
suggested that Jiang introduce artificial intelligence(人工智能) into garbage classification.
Inspiration struck, leading her to design a new app.
When users come to the front of a bin, they describe the garbage on their smartphones and create a QR code
sticker(二维码标签). Using a machine beside the dustbin, they scan the code, which then tells them the correct bin
to use.
With the app, you can track(追踪) the progress of your trash. “It would save residents troubles and inform
them about garbage classification,” said Jiang. “As the method spread from household to household, the efficient
disposal of garbage in cities would be established.”
Although the teenager had a blueprint in mind, she didn’t know how to program an app. To this end, Jiang
visited an environmental protection company for help. She told the company about her app idea, and as a result
won recognition for her innovation(发明) from the company’s experts.
Finally, Jiang did a further duty as a citizen: She wrote to local government about her idea. Replying, the
government told her that “The design is creative and workable” and that “a clean environment needs the help of
citizens like you.”
16．All of the following contribute to the creation of the garbage sorting app EXCEPT _______.
A．Jiang Aiqin’s mother.
C．the government
17．What’s the purpose of Jiang’s app?
A．To make garbage classification efficient.
B．To earn her a large quantity of money.
C．To earn her much higher social status.
D．To monitor people for garbage classification.
18．In order to use the garbage classification app, users needn’t _______.
A．come to the front of a bin
B．create a QR code sticker
C．use a smartphone to scan the code
D．describe garbage on their smartphone
B．environmental experts
D．Jiang Aiqin’s classmates
19．Which of the following word can describe Jiang Aiqin?
A．Particular.
C．Sensitive
【答案】
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一个17岁的名叫Jiang Aiqin
的学生研发出一款垃圾分类的应用软件的过程。16．细节理解题。根据文中第四段的“It was her mother that gave her the hint”（她的妈妈给了她提示）、倒数第二段的“and as a result won recognition for her innovation(发明)from the company's experts”（结果赢得了这家公司专家对她的发明的认可）、和最后一段“Replying, the government told her that…（在回复中政府告诉她）可知，文中的母亲、专家、政府这三方都对她的这款应用软件有帮助，而没有提到同学。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段句子“With the app, you can track(追踪) the progress of your trash. “It would
save residents troubles and inform them about garbage classification,” said Jiang. “As the method spread from
household to household, the efficient disposal of garbage in cities would be established.”（江说：用这个应用软件，你能追踪你的垃圾的进展情况。
它将使居民省了很多麻烦，告知他们关于垃圾分类。当这个办法传到千家万户后，这种在城市里的垃圾高效处理就会建立起来。）
可知，她开发这种APP的目的是为了高效处理垃圾分类。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据句子“When users come to the front of a bin, they describe the garbage on their smartphones
and create a QR code sticker(二维码标签). Using a machine beside the dustbin, they scan the code, which then
tells them the correct bin to use.”（当用户来到垃圾桶前，他们在智能手机上描述垃圾，生成二维码标签。通过使用一台垃圾桶旁边的机器扫描代码，告知他们该使用哪只垃圾桶。）可知，要使用垃圾分类应用程序，使用者需要来带垃圾桶前，在智能手机上描述垃圾，然后生成二维码标签。C项“用智能手机扫描二维码”不符合原文意思。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据本文对这款应用软件开发的过程描述：“to start her voluntary work”（开始她的志愿者工作）、“realized that sorting out garbage by hand is a torturous(折磨人的) and time-consuming process.”（意识手“From the 2,000 replies to an online questionnaire she designed”工垃圾分类的耗时折磨人）、（根据2000份她设计的网上问卷调查回复，）、 “Finally, Jiang did a further duty as a citizen: She wrote to local government about
her idea. ”（最后，她作为一个市民尽一步履行责任：给当地政府写信告诉政府关于她的想法），可是推知，B．Determined.
D．Modest
她是一个意志坚定的人。故选B。
Passage 6
（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高一期末） With people wearing face masks to protect themselves from
being infected with the novel coronavirus, a concern now is how they are dealing with their used masks. As used
face masks may carry the coronavirus, they shouldn't be carelessly thrown away as waste. Since the virus can
survive for one or two days in wet conditions, the used masks may become a new source of infection.
Given that the garbage sorting has recently been carried out in only a few cities, mixed waste commonly exists.
The mixture of polluted masks and recyclable waste may cause a possible danger to rubbish collectors when they
put hands in the garbage cans to collect recyclable items. What's worse, if someone just throws a used mask on the
street, someone might pick it up, or try to collect it to sell second-hand.
With the spread of the novel coronavirus, there has obviously been a high demand for protective equipment
such as face masks among ordinary people, with the resulting generation of a huge quantity of what may be
considered medical waste. Thus, the problem is how to deal with this mass of medical waste, particularly the used
face masks outside of hospitals. Communities should have special trash cans around to collect used masks. If these
are not provided, people should put the waste into plastic bags before casting them aside, so they are not exposed to
the air.
As the main risk of medical waste is infectivity, disinfection, whether by steam, chemicals or microwave, is
very important. According to regulations, only licensed companies should collect, transport and do the final
management of medical waste. For example, medical waste must be collected in special containers,and be
transported in special vehicles by qualified people.
20．What problem is described in paragraph 1?
A．Used masks may cause infection. B．Used masks are difficult to recycle.
C．The virus spreads quickly in wet conditions. D．The novel coronavirus infection is worsening.
21．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about?
A．The causes of sorting garbage.
C．The harm of using second-hand masks.
B．The ways of recycling used masks.
D．The risk of handling used masks improperly.
22．What do the underlined words "casting them aside" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Destroying rubbish. B．Throwing waste.
23．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
C．Marking rubbish. D．Reusing waste.
A．It costs a lot to collect and transport medical waste.
B．The hospital infection is mainly from medical waste.
C．The rules of dealing with medical waste are very strict.
D．License companies should be responsible for infection.
【答案】
20．A 21．D 22．B 23．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。人们戴口罩是为了保护自己免受新型冠状病毒感染，现在的一个问题是他们如何处理使用过的口罩。使用过的口罩可能携带新冠病毒，不应随意丢弃。文章介绍了这一问题背后存在的安全隐患和应对措施。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“With people wearing face masks to protect themselves from being infected with the
novel coronavirus, a concern now is how they are dealing with their used masks. As used face masks may carry the
coronavirus, they shouldn't be carelessly thrown away as waste. Since the virus can survive for one or two days in
wet conditions, the used masks may become a new source of infection.(人们戴口罩是为了保护自己免受新型冠状病毒感染，现在的一个问题是他们如何处理使用过的口罩。使用过的口罩可能携带新冠病毒，不应随意丢弃。由于病毒在潮湿的环境下可以存活一到两天，使用过的口罩可能会成为新的传染源)”可知，第一段描述了使用过的口罩可能会引起传染的问题。故选A。
21．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Given that the garbage sorting has recently been carried out in only a few cities,
mixed waste commonly exists. The mixture of polluted masks and recyclable waste may cause a possible danger to
rubbish collectors when they put hands in the garbage cans to collect recyclable items. What's worse, if someone
just throws a used mask on the street, someone might pick it up, or try to collect it to sell second-hand.(由于最近只有少数城市进行了垃圾分类，混合垃圾普遍存在。当垃圾收集者把手放进垃圾桶收集可回收物品时，污染的口罩和可回收垃圾的混合物可能会对他们造成潜在危险。更糟糕的是，如果有人只是把用过的面具扔在街上，可能会有人捡起来，或者试图收集起来卖二手口罩)”可知，第二段主要讲了不当处理用过的口罩的风险。故选D。
22．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Communities should have special trash cans around to collect used masks. If
these are not provided, people should put the waste into plastic bags before”以及后文“so they are not exposed to
the air.”可知，社区应该有专门的垃圾桶来收集用过的口罩。如果没有提供这些垃圾桶，那么人们应该在扔
垃圾之前，把垃圾放在塑料袋里，这样他们就不会暴露在空气中。即画线词意思为“扔垃圾”。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to regulations, only licensed companies should collect, transport and
do the final management of medical waste. For example, medical waste must be collected in special containers,and
be transported in special vehicles by qualified people.(根据规定，只有有许可证的公司才能收集、运输医疗废物，并进行最终管理。例如，医疗废物必须用特殊容器收集，并由有资质的人员用特殊车辆运输)”可推知，处理医疗废物的规则非常严格。故选C。
Passage 7
（2021·北京西城区·） Garbage cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you
throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no
magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling,
composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Let's take a quick look at each.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into
paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save materials, and lower
energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting
waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.
Landfilling is the oldest method of managing waste. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury
garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it
is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of
landfills so that poisonous garbage liquid doesn't get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners don't always work.
Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants
to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfills.
Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown.
Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of
this decomposition is compost. Compost can be added to the soil to make the soil richer and better for growing
crops.
One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to
create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the
waste directly. The heat from the incineration process can boil water, which can power steam generators.
Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable
resources that could be recycled.
Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can, what
happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to
recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.
24．Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragraph?
A．To creatively support his argument with evidence.
B．To point out that garbage doesn't disappear by itself.
C．To make the language more attractive to please readers.
D．To draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.
25．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Some think recycling is a waste of time.
B．Incineration may destroy recyclable resources.
C．Finding new locations is the focus of landfilling.
D．The purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.
26．According to the passage, landfilling_____________________.
A．involves burying garbage in a hole
C．squeezes garbage together
B．reduces the horrible smells
D．protects ground water
27．Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?
A．Magic: Bringing Back What Was Once Lost
B．Deal with the garbage: Which is Best for You?
C．Methods of Waste Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
D．Do Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and Composting
【答案】
24．B 25．B 26．A 27．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? Garbage does not
disappear when you throw it in a can.
（如果没有魔法垃圾仙子，它们都去哪了?你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶它是不
会消失的）”可推断，作者提出魔法垃圾仙子为了指出垃圾不会自己消失，从而引出下文垃圾的四种处理方式。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could
be recycled.（此外，一些批评人士担心焚烧炉会破坏有价值的可回收资源。）”可知，焚烧垃圾会破坏有价值的可回收资源。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole.（最简单的填埋方式就是人们把垃圾埋在一个洞里。）”可知，填埋就是把垃圾埋在一个洞里。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting,
and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses.（有四种处理废物的方法：回收、填埋、堆肥和焚烧。每种方法都有其优缺点。让我们快速浏览一下每一个。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。C项“处理垃圾的方法：优点和缺点”课作为本文标题。故选C项。
Passage 8
（2021·张家口市宣化第一中学高二期末） China still dumps most of the garbage it generates in
landfills, which could pollute soil, water and air. Today, China is facing a problem similar to the one Japan faced in
the 1970s, especially in its coastal cities which have a relatively high economic growth rate and a large population
but comparatively limited land space, resulting in serious environmental pollution.
China has just started its garbage sorting journey, and it will take time for the people to make it a habit of
sorting garbage at source.
Shanghai is among China's first cities to introduce garbage classification and also the country's most serious in
its performing. Since July 1, 2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage into four different
categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined up to 200 yuan for failing to sort
their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50，000 yuan.
The city government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address
the "one-size-fits-all" method. The country is about to invest over 21 million yuan in the construction of garbage
processing facilities to meet demands.
Following Shanghai, Beijing is also pushing ahead with garbage sorting legislation (立法) in the continual
national action to get all of China sorting garbage. Not forced yet, the Chinese capital is already carrying out
garbage sorting in more than 200 residential communities and it's trying to get more residents on board by making
the system smarter. Now it's introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system, by setting up little
cameras in many sets of bins.
However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register (注册) for the system. Once
registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal
(处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins don't just
calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.
China welcomes the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage classification.
For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to implement garbage sorting by the end of this year, and 90
percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile commitment. It is good for the
environment and essential for the country's long-term development, and may finally turn out to be a promising
industry as well.
28．What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system？ ______
①Gain rewards
②Open up the bin
③Register for the system
④Scan a QR code on the bin
A．④②③① B．③④②① C．②④③① D．④③②①
29．What does the underlined word "implement" in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A．engage B．enforce C．emphasize D．encourage
30．What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A．If tourists forget to sort their waste properly, they will be fined 200 yuan.
B．Residents in Beijing have to sort garbage into four different categories.
C．The intelligent garbage bins can only show garbage weight.
D．Garbage sorting can also become a profitable business in future.
31．Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting？ ______
A．To promote eco-friendly lifestyle.
B．To build a garbage sorting system.
C．To increase the use of artificial intelligence.
D．To support the construction of garbage processing facilities.
【答案】
28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A
【分析】
本文是一篇政治经济类阅读。文章主要介绍了中国仍在倾倒垃圾填埋场产生的大部分垃圾，这些垃圾会污染土壤、水和空气.今天，中国面临的问题与上世纪70年代日本所面临的问题类似，尤其是沿海城市，经济增长率较高，人口众多，但土地空间相对有限，造成了严重的环境污染。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Once registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then
opens it up to allow for garbage disposal (处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out
waste. Here, the intelligent bins don't just calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by
collecting points through the special app.(注册完成后，用户将扫描垃圾桶上的二维码，然后打开垃圾桶进行垃圾处理。现在，每个家庭都有一个特殊的二维码来扔垃圾。在这里，智能垃圾桶不仅可以计算垃圾的重量，还可以通过这款特殊的app帮助居民通过积分获得奖励。)”可知使用智能垃圾分类系统的正确顺序是：系统注册、扫描垃圾桶上的二维码、打开垃圾桶、获得奖励。故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据文章第七段“For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to implement garbage
sorting by the end of this year, and 90 percent by 2020.(在上海，60%的城市预计将在今年年底前_____垃圾分类，到2020年将达到90%。)”可猜测，未来要达到90%，因此推断“implement”意为“执行”之意。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“It is good for the environment and essential for the country's long-term
development, and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.(它有利于环境，对国家的长远发展至关重要，并可能最终成为一个有前途的行业。)”可推断，垃圾分类在未来也可以成为一项有利可图的业务。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“It is good for the environment and essential for the country's long-term
development, and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.(它有利于环境，对国家的长远发展至关重要，并可能最终成为一个有前途的行业。)”可推断，我国要推行强制垃圾分类是为了提倡环保生活方式。故选A。
Passage 9
（2020·浙江绍兴市·高二期末） The demand for proper waste disposal has become increasingly urgent.
While powerful organizations and giant companies are to be held responsible for the majority of carbon emissions（排放）, we can still do our part in reducing our carbon footprints. And it can be done by simple segregation（分类） and proper garbage disposal. In the small city of Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, an app called Hakoot is
looking to solve this problem.
Hakoot was created by brothers Efren Jamolod Jr. and Jesrome Jamolod, both lovers of nature. They were first
inspired to create the app because of a debate in a Facebook group in Dapitan city about garbage collection
problems.
Efren states, "When we looked at it, we thought we can do something about this. So we started to put forward
some solutions. We tried to validate this problem based on our research. It does not exist only in Dapitan. It
（证实）is everywhere in the country, mostly in third world countries.
Efren explains, "We developed two applications. One for the garbage collectors, and one for the residents（居, where they can do real-time monitoring. The garbage collectors will do the garbage collection and they will be
民）able to see the location and the type of garbage the residents will be disposing of. At the same time, the end-user
will be able to monitor the garbage collectors' location, when it will arrive, and the distance from his location."
It is noted that it is still up to the individual to segregate. With the pressing issue of climate change, proper
garbage disposal can greatly reduce our carbon footprints. Efren says, "It's a huge part of it. Garbage collection is a
daily activity. Every day we consume. Therefore, more or less, we produce waste. If that's not handled properly,
then there's no recycling, then we need to reproduce more products."
32．What caused the brothers to develop the app?
A．Their concern about garbage issues.
C．Their dislike of defeat in the debate.
B．Their enthusiasm about inventions.
D．Their confidence in their research.
33．What can we infer about waste disposal from the last paragraph?
A．Hakoot has proved to be quite efficient.
C．People dispose of rubbish improperly.
34．What is the passage meant to tell us?
A．The proper ways to collect and deal with garbage.
B．What we can do to contribute to waste disposal.
C．A scientific approach to recycling industry waste.
D．An app developed to help the disposal of garbage.
【答案】
32．A 33．B 34．D
B．Efforts individuals make matter a lot.
D．Waste segregation is hard to accomplish.
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款帮助处理垃圾的应用程序。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hakoot was created by brothers Efren Jamolod Jr. and Jesrome Jamolod, both
lovers of nature. They were first inspired to create the app because of a debate in a Facebook group in Dapitan city
about garbage collection problems.”（Hakoot是由两个热爱自然的兄弟Efren Jamolod jr和Jesrome Jamolod创造的。他们最初产生创建这款应用的灵感，是因为Dapitan市的一个Facebook组中关于垃圾收集问题的讨论。）可知这兄弟两个开发这款应用程序是因为他们对垃圾问题的关注。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is noted that it is still up to the individual to segregate.”（值得注意的是，（垃圾）分类仍然取决于个人。）可以推断，个人的努力是很重要的。故选B项。
34． and proper
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尤其是第一段中“And it can be done by simple segregation（分类）garbage disposal. In the small city of Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, an app called Hakoot is looking to solve this
problem.”（通过简单的分类和适当的垃圾处理就可以做到。在小城市 Zamboanga del north的Dapitan，一款名为Hakoot的应用程序正在试图解决这个问题。）可知，文章主要介绍了一款帮助处理垃圾的应用程序。故选D项。
Passage 10
（2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·高二期末） If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a “lesson” in
sorting garbage, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations. It’s now required that people
should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to
sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations,
following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major
Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People’s Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of
Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection
of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said
they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own
waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn’t give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua
University, told China Daily. He also added “the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the
past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone”
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan,
waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of
garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into
specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and
blue bins for paper and cardboard.
35．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．People will be fined not less than 200 yuan.
B．Shanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.
C．All the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.
D．Poisonous waste belongs to four categories in sorting.
36．Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Not all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.
B．Garbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.
C．People in Shanghai aren’t fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.
D．People may be put in prison because of littering in Germany.
37．What can be inferred from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．Legal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.
B．There is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.
C．He supports the legal regulations in garbage sorting.
D．The sorting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.
38．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Hard to Recycle Appropriately
B．Serious Waste Problems in Big Cities
C．Garbage Sorting Practice in Shanghai
D．Important Regulations in Shanghai
【答案】
35．B 36．A 37．C 38．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾分类在上海的实施、意义和推广，也介绍了世界其他国家对于垃圾分类的重视。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段“More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai.”可知，很多城市继上海之后，实施了类似的垃圾分类法规，可知上海是垃圾分类的先行者。故选B项。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,
under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is
important for the protection of the environment. ”可知，有超过90%的人认为垃圾分类对环保是很重要的，可知并不是所有人都重视垃圾分类。故选A项。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.”’Liu Jianguo, a
professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added ‘the importance of the new regulations in
Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone’”可知，Liu
Jianguo认为，通过法律保障去推进垃圾分类是必须的，上海新法规的重要性在于把之前自愿的行为变成一种强制性行为，可推断他支持在垃圾分类中设立法规。故选C项。
38．主旨大意题。第一段第一句“the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations”为本篇文章的中心句；而且结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是上海垃圾分类的实施及其影响和推广，说明的中心对象是垃圾分类。所以短文的最佳标题为“上海市垃圾分类实践 ”。故选C项。
Passage 11
（2020·北京石景山区·高一期末）Sort trash, save Earth
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1,
Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of
garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
Why is garbage sorting a big problem? It’s because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our soil,
air and water. Actually we can make use of some garbage again.
And first, we need to sort our garbage. For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin,
people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will
pollute the environment.
Can’t factories sort garbage for us? Yes, they can. But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money.
If we all sort our own garbage, things will become much easier.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
• Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back.
You can get one to two yuan per bottle. People like this because they can get money and protect the environment at
the same time.
• Japan: A trash truck comes to people’s doors to pick up their garbage. It plays music when it’s coming. There
are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
• Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride
costs three large bottles, five medium bottles or 10 plastic cups. But the bottles must be clean.
• Shanghai: Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai
Harmful garbage
Recyclable garbage
includes lamps, batteries,
includes paper, books,
nail polish (指甲油 ), and
boxes, newspapers, and
other things with harmful
glass bottles.
chemicals.
39．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.
Wet garbage usually
comes from the kitchen,
such as food, vegetables,
flowers, leaves and
eggshells.
Dry garbage is
anything you cannot put
into the other three bins. It
includes pens, toilet paper,
tape, hair, and towels.
B．Many people don’t like Shanghai’s garbage-sorting policy.
C．Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.
D．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.
40．With the battery example, the writer tries to tell us .
A．how to sort our garbage
B．the importance of sorting our garbage
C．what harmful waste is
D．the difficulty of sorting our garbage
41．Why can’t we ask factories to sort garbage?
A．Because we don’t have this kind of factory.
B．Because factories ask for too much money.
C．Because it takes too many workers to do it.
D．Because not all garbage can go to factories.
42．In which country can people take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations?
A．Germany.
【答案】
39．C 40．B 41．C 42．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类的原因，并介绍了世界部分国家和地区的垃圾分类和回收。通过垃圾分类，拯救我们的地球。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策).
People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same
soon.( 7月1日，上海出台了一项新的垃圾分类政策。那里的人们需要把不同种类的垃圾放进不同的垃圾箱。中国的其他城市很快也会这么做。)”可推断，上海是中国第一个制定垃圾分类政策的城市。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin, people can
use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the
environment. (例如，如果你把一个旧电池放入“有害废物”箱，人们可以用它来制造新电池。但如果你不这样做，电池就会被扔到别的地方。然后，它会污染环境。)”可推测，作者举电池的例子，是为了告诉我们垃圾分类的重要性。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money. (但这需要很多)”可知，工人来做，花费很多钱。我们不能要求工厂对垃圾进行分类，是因为这需要太多的工人来做此工作。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据文章“Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. (印度尼西亚：如果人们把塑料瓶送到公交车站，就可以免费乘坐公交车。)”可知，在印度尼西亚，如果给公交车站的塑料瓶，人们可以免费乘坐公共汽车。故选B。
Passage 12
（2020·山东青岛市·高三三模） If the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the
B．Indonesia. C．Japan. D．China.
planet, garbage-sorting is where the efforts start. Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory
garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required to
classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste. People who fail to
sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.
Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced rewards to encourage residents to sort their garbage.
According to Xinhua, residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and then exchange the
points they accumulate for daily necessities such as soap.
Garbage sorting practices have reached over 70 percent of housing estates in 18 cities, including Shanghai,
Xiamen and Hangzhou, according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Shanghai first
enacted a mandatory garbage-sorting regulation in July 2019 and has had a 90 percent compliance (服从) rate
among its housing estates.
According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that
garbage-sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem
in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted.
According to Xinhua, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. Also, some
previous garbage regulations didn’t include fines for people who failed to obey them.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua
University, told China Daily, “Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people
to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and
littering.”
43．What can we learn about the new regulation in Beijing?
A．It hasn’t been put into use yet.
B．Residents can sort the garbage as they like.
C．People can get money if they classify their domestic waste correctly.
D．Those who can’t sort the garbage as the new rule requires shall be fined.
44．What’s the problem in garbage sorting in China?
A．Most people are unaware of its importance in protecting environment.
B．Some people don’t want to take the trouble to sort the garbage.
C．Only residents in big cities can sort the trash correctly.
D．The government doesn’t have enough money to support garbage sorting.
45．What can we infer from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．It’s difficult to carry out garbage sorting in China.
B．Some laws in garbage-sorting are needed.
C．People in developed countries can better sort the garbage.
D．We should learn from Japan.
46．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Garbage sorting, a new start in China
C．Argument on garbage sorting
【答案】
43．D 44．B 45．B 46．A
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。文章介绍了这一政策的相关规定，说明了如今中国垃圾分类的现状和存在的一些问题，以及其他人对于中国垃圾分类的一些看法。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段中People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan,
reported Xinhua.可知据新华社报道，没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元到200元的。由此可知，那些不能按照北京新规则的要求进行垃圾分类的人将被。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of
participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted. According to Xinhua, it’s
partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste.可知然而，垃圾分类在中国仍然是一个大问题。报告指出，只有30%的受访者表示，他们认为自己已经完全对垃圾进行了分类。据新华社报道，部分原因是许多人不愿意对自己的垃圾进行分类。由此可知，中国垃圾分类的问题是有些人嫌垃圾分类麻烦。故选B。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a
professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily, “Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and
Britain, also ask people to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each
kind of garbage and littering.”可知清华大学教授刘建国在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“推广垃圾分类必须B．New regulations in Beijing
D．How to sort domestic garbage
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