中考英语语法词汇 ;absent,advise_sb_(not)_to_do_sth

【每日一题】 absent, advise sb (not) to do sth

中考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆

1. Today he didn’t come to school again. He has been ___________ from classes for a week.

【答案】absent

【解析】本题用联系上下文法解题。由上句”今天他又没有来上学”可知”他已经不在学校上课一个星期了"。be absent from缺席；不在。

【归纳拓展】

absent

1. absent形容词，意为＂缺席的；不在场的＂，常与from连用，be 意为＂缺席……＂。

Jim was absent from the meeting yesterday.

吉姆昨天开会缺席了。

They were absent form work that day. 他们那天没有上班。

2. absence名词，意为＂缺席，不在＂。

The decision was made in my absence. 这个决定是我不在的时候做出的。

3. absent的反义词为present，意为＂出席的，到场的＂。

Many famous writers are present at the meeting.

许多著名的作家都出席了这次会议。

2. We advise parents ___________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.

A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意：为了保护孩子的安全，我们建议父母不要把孩子单独留在家里。建议某人做某事：advise sb.

to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事：advise sb. not to do sth，即：否定不定式，在不定式符号前加not：not to do

sth。故选A。

【归纳拓展】

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advise sb. (not) to do sth.

1. advise是动词，意为＂建议；提议＂，其名词是advice，是不可数名词。advise do

sth.表示＂建议某人做某事＂，其否定结构为advise to do sth.。

Our teacher advises us not to swim in the river. 我们的老师建议我们不要在河里游泳。

2. advise的常用句式：

① advise doing sth 建议做某事。

He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。

I advise waiting till proper time. 我建议等到适当时机。

注意：不能直接后跟不定式作宾语。所以不能说：He advised to leave early.

②advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事。

He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。

注意：以上意思也可用后接从句的形式表达(注意从句用 should＋v.这样的虚拟语气)。如上面第一句也可说成：

He advised that I (should) buy a computer.

③advise sb against doing sth 劝告某人不要做某事。

He advised her against going out at night. 他劝她晚上不要出去。

Her father advised her against marrying the worker. 她父亲劝告她不要嫁给这个工人。

注意：该句型有时可与 advise sb not to do sth 替换。如上面第一句也可说成：

He advised her not to go out at night.

④advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人有某情况。

Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. 货物到达时请通知我们。

1. —How should the students ___________ their problems?

—By regarding problems as challenges.

A. do with B. deal with C. to deal with

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2. —What’s wrong with you?

—I don’t know ___________ stress from work and family.

A. how to do with B. how to deal with C. what to deal with D. what to do

3. The clerk has no problem ___________ with any kind of customers.

A. deal B. deals C. dealing

4. —What can you see when there is a strong wind?

—I can see clouds ___________ quickly.

A. move B. moves C. moving

5. We advise parents ___________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.

A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave

6. He ___________ the office. He is having a meeting.

A. is absent in B. absent in C. absent from D. is absent from

7. —Tom, I didn’t see you yesterday. Why were you ___________?

—Sorry, I had a stomachache. I had to stay in bed.

A. wrong B. absent C. patient

8. Steve has to go to an important meeting tonight, so he will be absent ___________ your birthday party.

A. about B. with C. for D. from

9. I advise you ___________ to make computers serve us better.

A. study B. to study hard C. studying hard

10. We advise parents ___________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.

A. leave

B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave

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参考答案：

1. B【解析】解析：句意：——学生们该如何处理他们的问题？——把问题看作挑战。How…

=What…如何处理。此处缺少谓语动词，并且疑问词是how，故用deal with。故选B。

2.B【解析】句意：—你遇到什么麻烦了吗？—我不知道如何处理工作和家庭的压力。do作为实义动词，后面可直接带宾语，而deal是不及物动词，需接介词，即 deal with（处理），据此可排除A。在答语中有 stress（压力）作不定式的逻辑宾语，不可再用what，可排除CD选项。how表方式，作状语，故选B。

3. C【解析】句意：这个职员与任何类型的顾客打交道都没有问题。deal with…处理，打交道， 是一个固定短语，deals是第三人称单数形式；dealing是动名词形式。这句话中使用了句型have problem (in) doing sth.做某事有问题，因此这里应填动名词形式，故选C。

4. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当刮大风的时候，你能看见什么？——我能看见云在天空快速的移动。see后面宾语可以接现在分词，不带to的不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语，不过含义不同。see sb. doing 表示看见某人正在做某事；see sb. do 表示看见某人做过某事；see sb. done 表示看见某人被……结合语境可知选C。

5. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做孩子远离危险，我们建议家长不要把孩子们单独留在家里。建议某人做某事：advise sb. to do sth；建议某人不要做某事：advise sb. not to do sth。故选B。

6. D【解析】句意：他不在办公室。他正在开会。be absent from缺席，不在，故选D。

点睛：absent from 缺席，缺课、不在，主要是对于人物来说；absent in，是从…未检出，没有，消失，主要是针对物来说的。

7. B【解析】考查形容词的用法。句意：—汤姆，昨天我没看到你。你为什么不在？—对不起，我头疼，我必须卧床。A. wrong错误的；B. Absent不在，缺席；C. Patient有耐心的，根据句意及题干分析是是问为什么不在，故选B。

8. D【解析】句意：史蒂夫今晚得去参加一个重要会议，所以他将不参加你的生日聚会。考查介词辨析。A. about关于；B. with和；C. for为了；D. from从。absent不在场的，缺席的，形容词；be absent from缺席，是一个固定短语。根据句意和英文提示，可知选D。

9. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议你努力学习电脑，好为我们更好的服务。不定式做宾语补足语表示具体的将要进行的动作，英语中表示请求建议的动词后面一般用不定式做宾语补足语。advise sb. to do

sth.表示建议某人做某事，故选B。

10.D【解析】句意：我们建议父母们不要把孩子们单独留在家中是为了使他们远离危险。advise sb (not)to do

sth建议某人（不）做某事。根据句意，故选D。

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