英语写作Ⅱ-outline

英语写作Ⅱ-outline

Section one EssaysUnit 1 Outline

Unit 1 Outline Writing

Focus:

learn to write an outline for an essay Points

to Emphasize:

write an outline according to the generally accepted format

Unit 1 OutlineⅠ Why do we need to learn writing outline?An outline

is essential for writing any paper, esp. for course papers, term papers and

thesis. It is the skeleton of an essay. So it can help the writer to organize

his ideas. It can make others have an orderly overview of the essay.

Ⅱ How to write an outline 1. Two main types of outlinesSentence

outline: Complete sentences Correct punctuation More detailed overview

Easier and faster to write the final essay Topic outline: Words and phrases

No punctuation Brief and clear overview Easier and faster to write the

outline

Unit 1 Outline An

outline must start with thesis statement.

Unit 1 Outline2. Analysis of two samples

Compare the following two outlines for a paper on foreign trade.

Thesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all

nations.Ⅰ. Introduction: the utilization of different economic resources

and the development of different skills form the foundation of foreign

trade

Ⅱ. Trade in commodities (visible trade) is necessary between nations.

A. No nation has all the commodities it needs. B. A nation may not have

enough of certain commodities. C. A nation may sell certain commodities

at a profit. D. Latest innovations and different styles of commodities may

make foreign trade necessary.Ⅲ. Exchange of services between nations

(invisible trade) is part of foreign trade. A. Nations compete in providing

transportation for foreign trade. B. Prudent exporters purchase insurance

for their cargoes. C. Tourism brings a nation huge profits. D. Technology is

also exported and imported. Ⅳ. Conclusion: the purpose of foreign trade

is to earn money for necessary imports.

Thesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nations.

Ⅰ. Introduction: the foundation of foreign trade

Ⅱ. The necessity of visible trade A. Lack of certain commodities B.

Insufficiency of particular items C. Comparative advantage in certain items

D. Latest innovations and different styles of commoditiesⅢ. The necessity

of invisible trade---exchange of services between nations A.

Transportation B. Insurance C. Tourism D. Technology Ⅳ. Conclusion: the

purpose of foreign trade

Unit 1 Outline3. The following are a few rules for writing outlines: 1):

Avoid single subdivisions. If there is a major point marked “Ⅰ”, there

must be at least another marked “Ⅱ”; if there is an “A”, there must be a

“B”, and so on.

Unit 1 Outline 2):

Avoid mixing types. A topic outline is written in phrases, and a

sentence outline in sentences. Do not mix these two types.

Unit 1 Outline

3): Use parallel structures for the headings of the same rank. Make

sure subheads of like rank are of equal importance

and are related to the heading and arranged in logical order.

Unit 1 Outline

4): Make sure the thesis statement is a complete sentence in the

affirmative; do not use a question, a phrase or a dependent clause.

Ⅲ Exercises: outline Thesis: Some twins are identical and others are

not. Ⅰ. Identical twins A. born together B. are of the same sex C. look

exactly the same Ⅱ. Fraternal twins A. born together B. are not always of

the same sex C. do not look exactly the same Ⅲ. Further features about

identical twins and fraternal twins A. Monzygotic twins 1. born from the

same egg 2. have the same genetic characteristics B. Dizygotic twins 1.

come from different eggs 2. have different genetic characteristics Ⅳ

People’s attitude to twins A. people in the past: afraid of twins B. scientists

now: particularly interested in studying twins

Unit 1 Outline

Write an outline (sentence or topic) according to the title “Should

Private Cars Be Encouraged?”

Suggested outline Thesis: Private cars shouldn’t be encouraged. Ⅰ

Introduction: a sign of modernization

Ⅱ Three reasons 1. the most populous country 2. air pollution and

sound pollution 3. various kinds of trouble a: high maintenance fees b:

petrol fees c: traffic accidents

Ⅲ Conclusion: government policy