英语单词的音节及读音规则

英语单词的音节及读音规则

1. 音节概念

在英语单词中元音特别响亮;一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节;所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的..只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词;有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词;三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词..

例：

双音节词：go; he; stand; think; please; take; some; what; glad; smoke; child;

taught

双音节词：teacher; brother; Sunday; neighbor; darkness; breakfast; comment ;

open

多音节词：exercise; holiday; separate; celebrate; institute; opportunity

modernization

注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的..

2. 单词重音

在英语的双音节以上的单词中;有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节;我们称为重读音节;国际音标上

标有“′”这样的重读符号..一般说来一个单词只有一个重音..

例：Sunday ’s ndi begin bi’ɡin

3. 开音节

开音节一共有两种：

一种叫绝对开音节;即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词..

例：go ɡ ; he hi:; no n ; we wi:; who hu:

另一种叫做相对开音节;即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母r 除外再加一个不发音的字母e..

例：make meik; note n t; these ei:z; like laik; use ju:z

4. 闭音节

发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母r除外时;这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节..如果单词重音在这个音节上;该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节..

例：bad b d; thank θ k; desk desk; sit sit; stick stik; fog f ɡ; shop p;

sun s n; must m st

5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音

A a ei; Ee i:; Ii ai; Oo ; Uu ju:

例：take teik; late leit; he hi:; theme θi:m; time taim; nice nais; no n ;

joke j k; tune tju:n; cute kju:t;

6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音

A a ; Ee e; Ii i; Oo ; Uu

例：lamp l mp; plan pl n; well wel; best best; mill mil; wish wi ; hot h t;

drop dr p; club cl b; but b t

7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则

1A a

开音节中多读 ei 字母本身的音.. 词例：name; plane; cake; take;

但have中却发

重读闭音节中多读 .. 词例：bad; lamp; tank; cat; map

a 的前面是辅音w时读作 .. 词例：want; wash; what; quality

a 的后面是 ss; st; sp; sk; th; f; n 时常读作a:.. 词例：class; fast; grasp;

ask; bath; staff; dance; command

2 E e

开音节中多读 i: 字母本身的音 词例：he; she; be; these

重读闭音节中多读 e..词例：pen; yes; well; desk; best

3 I i y

开音节中多读 ai 字母本身的音 词例：like; time; bike; why;

但give和 live中却发 i

重读闭音节中多读 i..词例：stick; ship; big; mill

词尾是-nd和 -ld时;i 可读作ai 词例：kind; find; child

4 O o

开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例：no; home; joke; smoke; joke

但to; do; who; move; shoe中却发 u:

重读闭音节中多读 ..词例：hot; fog; shop; long; drop

词尾是-st和 -ld时;o 可读作 词例：most; post; bold; cold; 例外both; comb

o的后面是 m; n; v; th 时;可读作 词例：son; some; come; one; done; love;

glove; mother; brother

5U u

开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例：use; tune; cute; mule

u 在辅音字母l; r; j后面时读作u: 词例：blue; rule; true; June

重读闭音节中多读 或u..词例：sun; but; club; must; full; put

但truth; busy中却发 u:

8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则

ar 常读作a: 词例：car; park; large; star; 但war; warm; ward却读 :

er常读作з: 词例：verb; term; serve; stern;

ir常读作з: 词例：girl; first; shirt; bird

or常读作 : 词例：horse; short; north; sport; 但word; work; world却读з:

ur常读作з: 词例：burn; nurse; hurt; fur

are常读作e 词例：care; dare; stare; rare

ere常读作i 或e 词例：mere; here; there; were; 但were 却读з:

ore常读作 : 词例：more; wore; sore; store

ire常读作ai 词例：fire; tire; hire; mire

ure常读作ju 或u 词例：pure; cure; manure; sure

9. 元音字母组合的读音规则

1a+其它字母

al 常读作 : 词例：ball; walk; talk; walk; also;

其后有f 或m 时可读a: 例：half; calm; palm

au 和augh 常读作 : 词例：cause; fault; launch; taught; daughter

例外：laugh a:

aw常读作 : 词例：law; saw; claw; awful

ai 和ay常读作ei 词例：wait; main; day; play

air 和are常读作e 词例：hair; pair; chair; fare; care; dare; stare; share

2e+其它字母

ea常读作i: 或e 词例：meat; please; peace; clean; head; dead; lead; bread

例外：great; break读作 ei

ee常读作i: 词例：meet; three; steel; green; tree; street;need

ei和 ie常读作i: 词例：field; piece; ceiling; receive

有时ei 和ey一样..读作ei 词例：eight; neighbor; prey; grey

例外：friend; 读作e height读作ai; review读作 ju:

ew常读作ju: 词例：new; few; dew.

ew在辅音字母l; r; j后面读作u: 词例：blew; crew; Jew

ear常读作i 词例：hear; dear; tear;

有时读e 词例：bear; wear; pear

后面有辅音字母时读作з: 词例：learn; pearl; early; earth

例外：heart; 读作a: year读作j

eer常读作i 词例：deer; cheer; beer; pioneer; engineer

3o+其它字母

oa常读作 词例：coat; boat; soap; float

oi和oy常读作 i 词例：oil; voice; point; boy; joy

oul 常读作 词例：could; would; should

oo 常读作u: 词例：food; tooth; spoon; school; moon

例外：foot; good; stood; 读作 ; blood; flood读作

oo 后面是k时读作 词例：book; look; cook; brook

oor和 oar 常读作 : 词例：door; floor; board; coarse

例外：poor; 读作u

ou 常读作au或 词例：loud; house; mouth; young; touch; country; trouble

例外：group; 读作u:; youth 读作ju:; soul; 读作

ough 常读作 : 词例：bouught; fought; thought

例外：though; 读作 ; through 读作u:

our 常读作 : 或 au 词例：four; course; pour; our; hour; sour; flour

ow 常读作au 或 词例：now; how; town; down; slow; show; grow; snow

owe 或ower 常读作au 词例：towel; vowel; power; flower

4i+其它字母

ig或igh常读作ai 词例：sign; design; sigh; light; night; bright; eight

ia; ie或io常读作ai 词例：dialogue; reliable; quiet; science; violet;

violence

5u+其它字母

ui 常读作ju: 词例：suit; nuisance

ui的前面有辅音字母l; r; j 时;读作u: 词例：sluice; fruit; juice

例外：build读作i

注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则..在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音 ..

10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则

1B e 常读作b 或位于词尾不发音..词例：bed; book; bright; comb; lamb; tomb;

climb

2C c 常读作k; s 词例：cold; clean cat; nice; city; decide

有时读作 词例：social; musician; precious

3D d 常读作d 词例：day; desk; add;

动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法

-ed前是清辅音时t除外;读作 t

词例：walked -kt; jumped -pt; missed -st; washed - t

-ed前是浊辅音时d除外;读作 d

词例：played -eid; robbed -bd; closed -zd; begged -ɡd

-ed前是 t 和 d 时; 读作 id

词例：wanted -tid; needed -did

4 F f常读作 f 词例：five; wife; four; leaf

有时读作 词例：social; musician; precious

个别情况读作v 词例：of v 或 v

5 G g常读作ɡ 词例：girl; game; give; big; ago

有时读作d 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作d ;词例：large;

page; college; village

6 H h常读作h 词例：hot; house; head; hand

h 有时不发音..词例：hour; honor; exhibit; rhyme

7 J j常读作d 词例：jam; joke; June; judge

8 K k常读作k 词例：cake; week; kite; sky

9 L l常读作l 词例：land; milk; belt; school

l 有时不发音..词例：walk w k; calm ka:m

10 M m常读作m 词例：name; meet; mother; come

11 Nn常读作n 词例：line; nine; nice

n 在辅音音素k 和ɡ 之前读作 ..词例：bank; think; uncle; finger; language

12 P p常读作p 词例：pen; sleep; spring; picture

13Q q该字母一般很少单独出现;它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合..常读作kw

词例：question; quite; queen

14Rr常读作r 词例：road; right; read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节..

15 Ss在词首时常读作s 词例：sit; soap; sky

s 在两个元音字母间常读作z 词例：music; season; prison

s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法

动词常读作z 词例：close; lose; raise

名词或形容词词常读作s 词例：base; case; close; coarse

s 前或后是清辅音时常读作s 词例：lamps; looks; waits; list; desk;

husband

s 在辅音字母t之后常读作ts 词例：students; streets

s 在辅音字母d之后常读作ds 词例：beds; comrades; prides

注s 的读音规则较复杂;还得在具体的学习中去把握..

16 T t常读作t 词例：tell; meet; ten; letter

17 V v常读作v 词例：voice; love; vote; leave

18 W w常读作w 词例：wait; sweet; wall; twin. 有时不发音..词例：sword;

answer

19 X x常读作ks 词例：box; exercise; text; excellent

x后面是元音;而且又是重读音节时;常读作ɡz 词例：exam; exist; exact

20 Y y出现在单词开头时常读作j 词例：yes; year; yellow

但出现在词尾时可能发ai 或i的音;词例：satisfy; beautify; country..与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 ei 词例：day; play

21 Z z常读作z 词例：zoo; maze; doze; zone

11. 辅音字母组合的读音

1ch; tch 读作t 词例：child; chart; teach; match; catch; watch

ch 有时读作 k 词例：school; chemistry; character; stomach

2ck 常读作k词例：neck; black; stick; pocket

3cc 常读作k词例：accept; accident; success; according; accuse

4ce 常读作s词例：nice; accept; rice; piece

5dge 常读作d 词例：bridge; judge; lodge

6gu; gue 常读作ɡ词例：guide; league; guess; dialogue

7ng; 常读作 词例：sing; strong; spring; long

8gh; ph 常读作f词例：rough; phrase; cough; enough

但在igh; ough; augh 中gh 不发音;只发元音或元音组合的音..请参见前面 9.

元音字母组合的读音规则

9qu; ph 常读作kw词例：quick; quality; quite; question

10sh 常读作 词例：she; fish; shirt; wash

11ss 常读作s词例：miss; lesson; class; assist

12th 有两种发音..

其一读作θ 词例：think; three; bath; method

其二读作e 词例：this; with; weather ; feather; mother

13wh 常读作w词例：what; white; whip; where

14kn 常读作n词例：knife; knee;

15kn 常读作n词例：knife; knee;

16tion; 有两种发音..

其一读作 n 词例：mention; conversation; modernization

其二读作t n 词例：question; suggestion

17sion; 有两种发音..

其一读作 n 词例：mission; impression

其二读作 n 词例：decision; television

注：以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律;尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻;但不是一劳永逸的事;同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词;并注意读准确..特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法..