00015英语二第一单元课后答案及参考译文

00015英语二第一单元课后答案及参考译文

第1课Text A

Text A Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the

author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical

reading is active reading. It involves more than just

understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves

questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and

forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here

are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

批判性地阅读

批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading

something that was written by an author from a different cultural

context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something

written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In

either case, you must recognize and take into account any

differences between your values and attitudes and those

represented by the author.

考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度

有何不同。

Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what

is written at face value(完全地, 以面值/表象). Before accepting

what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient

support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and

statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if (=whether) the

author has integrated the work of authorities.

质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.

Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others

have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies,

carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the

inconsistencies.

与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are

whatever the author must believe is true in order to make

assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not

directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to

identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you

must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于

这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain

that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible

source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in

physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is

not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the

author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that

the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in

the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is

discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of

American politics will likely look considerably different

depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.

What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need

to take this possible bias into account

when reading what the author has written. That is, take what

is written with "a grain of salt" （有保留地）.

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed

and may change your views as appropriate.

成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

第1课Text B

The Language of Confidence

The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our

language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and

our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way

possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.

自信的语言

语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on

our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really

understand

the difference between what really happens and what you

imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any

commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or

not is entirely up to you.

再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

"Try"

It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If

someone says, "I'll try to do that", you know that they are not

going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and

may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try

when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll

try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

“尽力”

这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?

Think about something that you would like to achieve, and

say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… "

and notice how

you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel.

想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感受。

The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it?

It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done.

Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try,

notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your

dictionary and see how your life improves.

后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。

"Can't"

This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers

us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it

out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something

that makes you feel great.

“不能”

这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让

你感到伟大的词。

Instead of (=Rather than) saying you can't, why not say

something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words

like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control

of your life.

不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”

或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a

deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you

the power to live whatever life you desire.

一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。

What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a

list of words you commonly use and then write next to them

some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words

that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but

about life and what you are doing!

你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词? 列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!

课后习题参考答案

Text A

I . 1. B 2. A 3．D 4．A 5．C

II . Section A

l. Consistent 2. Statement 3. Reflect 4. Invalid 5. Considerably

6 comparison

Section B

1 . Credible 2. Identify 3. Assumptions 4. Represents 5

evaluated 6. Appropriate

Section C

1. to

Ⅲ.1. define 4. good s ul 7.

internally ds to 10. personal

Ⅳ．Section A

1. take interests of different social groups into account

2. Compare the recent work with the previous work

3. was not consistent with his statement to the police

4. was not relevant to the matter being dealt with

5. Please inform us of any change in your case .-.

Section B

想成为灵活的读者，就要知道如何选择和使用阅读风格，这种阅读风格与你的阅读目的是一致的。知道在不同时间以不同方式使用不同的阅读风格，这样就可以成为灵活的读者。研究阅读就是灵活读者采用的阅读风格，他们希望借此充分理解难度较大的文章。采用阅读风格，你就要放慢阅读速度，而且在阅读时还要挑战自我，力求理解

文章的内涵。这种方法常常需要反复阅读，充分理解。有时候大声朗读也会增进对文章的理解。

V.5 2 1 6 3 4

Ⅵ.有些人认为阅读就是为了寻信息，通过记忆文章中的表达来获取知识。既然只有专家学者才应该具备批判性阅读的能力，或者说只有在学术机构才需要培养批判性阅读能力，那么我们普通人就没有必要培养这种能力了。对于这种观点你是否同意？请给出理由，并举例证明。

Text B

I . Section A

1.Y

2.N

3.Y

4. N

5.Y

Section B

1. Mastering our language

2. our quality of life 3 . Determination 4. power

5. live whatever life we desire

6. some alternatives

II . Section A

1 . confidence

2 . Creative 3. Eliminate 4 . dramatically 5 . Significant 6. limit

Section B

1 . matter

2 . commonly 3. Pleased 4. infinite 5 . Commands 6. quality

Section C

l. out 2. up 3. on 4. to 5. in 6. over

III . Section A

1. have a noticeable impact on the country's future

2. but it really matters to me

3. but the police were in control of it soon

4. I have no alternative but to let you go

5. It's up to the manager to make the final decision

Section B

英语在工作场合是非常重要的，运用正确得体，可以极大地提升事业或者业务的水平。也许有些人在进入职业生涯之前想学习英语，而那些在职人员则可以在工作中发现自己运用英语的优势和劣势？

在商务方面，知道如何进行谈判是非常有价值的技巧。你需要知道自己想要什么，如何讨价还价，如何做出让步。能够处理好冲突，知道如何结束谈判，这样结果会截然不同的。

职场英语学习能够使专业人士之间的交流更加有效，从而为顾客、商务伙伴或者供应商提供优质的服务，这对于任何一家公司来说都是积极有效的。

Ⅳ．Section A

1. When dipping in mustard, Sam said the sausage was

excellent.

2. A Frenchman murdered two wives whose cooking he

didn't like

3. Annie's dress was old, faded and wrinkled.

4. The need for jobs will make us develop our industries,

which causes

environmental problems.

5. My new running shoes which cost more than a hundred

dollars fell apart during the marathon.

Section B

l. Mr. Randolph was born in Florida.

2. The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's

unforgettable "I Have a Dream" speech.