2023年考研外语考试题目及答案8

考研外语考试题目及答案8

一、Use of English

1、 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style.

of their own. (1)_____ the mm of the century when jazz was born,

America had no prominent (2)_____ of its own. No one knows

exactly when jazz was (3)_____, or by whom. But it began to be

(4)_____ in the early 1890s. Jazz is America's contribution to

(5)_____ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_____

formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form.

It bubbles with energy, (7)_____ the moods, interests, and

emotions of the people: In the 1920s jazz (8)_____ like America.

And (9)_____ it does today. The (10)_____ of this music are as

interesting as the music (11)_____. American Negroes, or blacks,

as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_____.They were

brought to the Southern states (13)_____ slaves. They were sold

to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_____ When a

Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_____ a procession to

carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band, often

accompanied the (16)_____ On the way to the cemetery the band

played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)_____ on

1

the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed

one of their (18)_____, but the living were glad to be alive.

The band played (19)_____ music, improvising on both the

harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_____ at the funeral.

This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form.

of jazz.

2、(2)

3、(3)

ered

ed

ed

4、(4)

d

2

ed

5、(5)

cal

r

6、(6)

s

ches

uces

7、(7)

sing

ning

ng

rating

8、(8)

ed

d

3

9、(9)

r

10、(10)

als

s

eries

ces

11、(11)

ned

ble

f

12、(12)

s

ers

rs

13、(13)

4

14、(14)

15、(15)

trated

ed

16、(16)

tration

sion

17、(17)

ore

5

rmore

18、(18)

s

ons

19、(19)

l

20、(20)

ed

ted

二、Reading Comprehension

1、Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions

below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of

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management, the more they seem to want to talk about things

formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend

to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes

coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape

everyone's experience in the organization.

Consider the novel view of 'Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the

subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years

with IBM, half of them working in management development, and

now serves as a consultant to the likes of ATT, Coca-Cola, and

Merth. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big

companies, he weighs the different elements that make for

long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere

10%, image, 30%, and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes

that excellent performance is so common these days that while

doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure

you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often

depends on how many people know you' and your work, and how high

they are.

Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women

and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel the scales

have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in

organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison,

7

a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations

deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard,

you'll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and

give you a promotion," she adds. "Most women and blacks are so

frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because

of their sex or color that they play down their visibility."

Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have

traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.

According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best

left unsaid" (Para. 1) probably refers to ______

isms that shape everyone's experience

opinions which contradict the established beliefs

tendencies that help the newcomers to see office

matters with a fresh eye

ideas which usually come up with new ways of management

in the organization

2、

To achieve success in your career, the most important factor,

according to the passage, is to ______

A．let your superiors know how good you are

B．project a favorable image to the people around you

C．work as a consultant to your superiors

8

D．perform. well your tasks given by your superiors

3、

The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is

that they______

A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give

them a promotion

B．want to give people the impression that they work under

false beliefs

C．don't want people to think that their promotions were due

to sex or color

D．believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or

color

4、

The author is of the opinion that Coleman's beliefs are______

A．biased

B．popular

C．insightful

D．superficial

5、

The word "spotlight" (Last line, Para. 3) here most probably

means______

A.a lamp

9

B.a beam of light

attention

6、IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient, which is a measure

of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence

test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as

information about a person, they must be compared with some

standard, or norm. It is not enough simply to know that a boy

of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a particular test.

To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his marks must

be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in

that test.

In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet, devised the standard

in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed.

He invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children

of different ages through them. He found at what age each test

was passed by the average child. For instance, he found that

the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1

and the average child of three could repeat the sentence: We

are going to have a good time in the country. Binet arranged

the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a

scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for

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example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed

by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years

below average, and that he has a mental age of nine.

The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other

psychologists, with the required standard, which enables him

to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm. At

first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the

difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age.

Then the boy in the example given would be "three years

retarded". Soon, however, the "mental ratio" was introduced,

that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological

age. Thus a 'boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental

ratio of 0.75.

The mental age was replaced by the "intelligence quotient" or

"ID". The IQ is the mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example,

a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an IQ of 75. Clearly,

since the mental age of average child is equal to the

chronological age, the average IQ is 100.

Which of the following is not mentioned in relation to

IQ?______

ratio

age

11

logical age

of birth

7、

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to 'norm'(Para.

1)?______

rd

e

igence

8、

To judge a child's standard, his marks in a test must be

compared with marks gained by ______

of the same age

same child at different ages

aged children

r aged children

9、

Binet used a large number of children in his tests because he

wanted to find out______

was the bright

was the dull

C.a norm

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a bright child is

10、

The IQ is______

mental age divided by the chronological age and

multiplied by a hundred

mental age multiplied by the chronological age and

divided by one hundred

chronological age divided by the mental age and

multiplied by one hundred

average age divided by the mental age and multiplied

by a hundred

11、If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh

century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent

of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood

from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph

taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked

together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of

forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed

more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the

mid-fourteenth century, would show that the villages had grown

more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had

pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There

13

would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying

food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number,

size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would

reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the

preceding hundred years.

Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries

is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have

to examine the greater part of Europe's 3,750,000 square miles,

and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place,

the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our

standard pattern or to stand still.

In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some

regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered

that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of

solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access

to market than others and were therefore more involved in

commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were

more likely than small landlords to run their estates and

especially their domains more systematically and also to keep

those records from which we learn most of what we know about

the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their

farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship.

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Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had

been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into

the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the

expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the

twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained

conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding

or the lean ones following it.

By 1350, when compared with three hundred years earlier,

Europeans had, according to the passage,______

several geographical discoveries

down more trees and expanded the fanning

their territory 'larger

more canals to water the land

12、

Expansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450______

less than in the three hundred years up to 1350

considerable

ued at roughly the same rate as before

more than that from 1000 to 1350

13、

It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period

under consideration, partly because the inhabitants______

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did not fit the conformity of their society

mes changed their system of life

around too much for us to study properly

no documents

14、

The tenant of the large estates is to______

their land and settle in the town

their tenants badly

down information about their lands

on the land by themselves

15、

Some landlords made agreements comparatively favourable to

farmers in that they wanted to ______

more rent

new land

feudalized

harder

16、"There is a senseless notion that children grow up and

leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,"

says sociologist Lary Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin.

Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their

parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares

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sociologist Allasn Schnaiberg of Northwestern University,

whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.

Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.

The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its

pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high

divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending

economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to

parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home

college education has become so excessively great that many

students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young

people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.

Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to

give her security and moral support. His mother agreed, "It's

ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes

sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home

requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over

bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however,

manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves

too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three

times—and left three times. "What I considered a social drink,

my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never

liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them

17

at friends' houses."

Just how long should adult children live with their parents

before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings

are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate

identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and

failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying, some

financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with

responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can

work beneficially.

According to the text, there was once a trend in the U.S.______

middle class young adults to stay with their parents

young adults to leave their parents and live

independently

married young adults to move back home after a lengthy

absence

young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with

their parents

17、

Which of the following is not the reason for young adults

returning to the nest?______

adults find housing costs too high

a number of young adults attend local schools

18

adults seek parental comfort and moral support

adults are psychologically and intellectually

immature

18、

One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with

their parents is that______

young adults tend to be overprotected by their parents

parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family going

will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday life

opinion is against young adults staying with their

parents

19、

According to the text what is the best for both parents and

children?______

should adjust themselves to sharing the family

expenses

en should leave their parents when they are grown up

children should visit their parents from time to time

s should support their adult children when they are

in trouble

20、

By saying that "And find themselves stuck with

19

responsibilities" (Para. 4), the author means that______

s have some financial and personal freedom

en have not any financial and personal freed6m

s have to continue supporting their children

en have responsibilities to support their parents

21、Part B (10 points)

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For

Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank.

There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the

gaps. (10 points)

The acronym DINK—double income, no kids—originated in the US

in the 1960s. (41)______. This choice was not irrational. After

all, nowadays retired people can live on their pensions and

savings, so they are no longer compelled to depend on their

offspring in old age. And a child is undeniably an expensive

proposition: so much time and money are required. Why bother

having one? It is hard to condemn those who opt out of parenthood.

And in China their decisions are perfectly in keeping with the

drive to limit population growth.

(42)______. A baby enters the world with a mind like blank paper,

and gradually he or she acquires the ability to think, to talk

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and finally to communicate easily. Isn't there something

magical about it? When you see the process happening before your

very eyes, you feel a happiness like no other.

A Chinese DINK said to me recently, "If you didn't have three

children, you could go to a bar or the cinema with your wife

on weekends—how unrestrained and romantic that would be!, But

I would say that no matter how wonderful Hollywood films or

Broadway performances are, watching them is far less

interesting than seeing my extrovert of a daughter sing and

dance. If it's true that there are rewards to be gotten from

having children, then surely the happiness of seeing them grow

up is the greatest. (43)______.

But this is a happiness that can be felt only after you become

a parent; there's no appreciating it otherwise. However, who

begets a child out of curiosity to see him or hex grow up? None

of my friends had this in mind when they or their wife got

pregnant. For some the pregnancy was unexpected. (44)______.

And some said that having a child can bring stability to a

troubled marriage—but is that really true? I myself didn't

give it much thought. I just assumed it was the natural thing

to do, and since my wife enjoyed big, cheerful, lively families,

we went ahead end had three kids. No regrets.

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I know my words won't change any minds. (45)______. No, raising

a child is not easy. The happiness of seeing a child grow, in

contrast, is largely in the mind of the parents, end other

people cannot so readily perceive it. Little wonder, then, that

so many people without children believe parenthood is all work

end no fun.

A. What DINKs say is obviously true: children really do require

lots of parental energy and money. Just watch a mother bring

a sick child to a hospital; you can see the tension, the worry,

and all the self-control it takes to seem calm and reassuring.

B. Another Chinese friend of mine complained: "I provided the

funds for my child to go to collage and then off to America for

a master's degree, but so far I haven't gotten any rewards out

of playing parent". To him I would say that the rewards were

there all along—for any parent open to the wonder of seeing

a child begin to speak, or surprise us with a new word used for

the first time.

C. Fearing that children might constrain their freedom, married

working women began to avoid pregnancy; the result was many busy,

prosperous young DINK couples.

D. Each individual has his or her own reasons for wanting or

not waning children, and his or her own happiness to build. The

22

saddest people are those who have children but come to regret

it, for whatever reason. Regretful parents axe usually closed

to family happiness. And without the happiness, all that remain

are the burdens.

E. Yet few couples with children would agree that they were

stupid to become parents. Most are very happy that they have

had the experience of witnessing a child grow to maturity.

F. My wife end I have th

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then

translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

A "LOST TRIBE" that reached America from Australia may have

been. the first Native Americans, according to a new theory.

(46)If proved by DNA evidence, the theory will shatter long

established beliefs about the southerly migration of people who

entered America across the Bering Strait, found it empty and

occupied it. On this theory rests the authority of Native

Americans (previously known as Red Indians) to have been the

23

first true Americans. They would be relegated to the ranks of

also-rans, beaten to the New World by Aboriginals in boats.

To a European, this may seem like an academic argument, but to

Americans it is a philosophical question about identity, Silvia

Gonzales of Liverpool John Moores University said.

Her claims are based on skeletons found in the Baja California

Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls quite unlike the broad

Mongolian features of Native Americans. These narrow-skulled

people have more in common with southern Asians, Aboriginal

Australians and people of the South Pacific Rim.

(47)The bones, stored at the National Museum of Anthropology

in Mexico City, have been carbon-dated and one is 12,700 years

old, which places it several thousand years before the arrival

of people from the North. "We think there were several migration

waves into the Americas at different times by different human

groups," Dr. Gonzales said. "The timing, route and point of

origin of the first colonization of the Americas remains a most

contentious topic in human evolution."

(48)But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered

conclusive by anthropologists, so a team of Mexican and British

scientists, backed by the Natural Environment Research Council,

has also attempted to extract DNA from the bones. (49)Dr.

24

Gonzales declined yesterday to say exactly what the results

were, as they need to be checked, but indicated that they were

consistent with an Australian origin.

(50)She believes that they arrived by boat, settled in what is

now Mexico and at other points along the Pacific coast, and

survived for thousands of years. The first Spanish colonists

and missionaries described the people they found in the area,

the Pericue, as slim hunter-gatherers. They lacked much culture,

but did have burial customs in which bodies were laid out in

the sun before being painted with ochre and buried.

The Spanish collected the people into missions, where they died

out in the 18th century.

27、(47)

28、(48)

29、(49)

30、(50)

参考答案：

【一、Use of English】

1~5ADDDD6~10BACAB

11~20点击下载查看答案

【二、Reading Comprehension】

1~5BACCD6~10DAACA

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11~30点击下载查看答案

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