高考英语语法——常用的57个介词大归纳


2023年12月21日发(作者:liverpool)

高考英语语法——常用的57个介词大归纳

高考英语语法——常用的57个介词大归纳高考常用重点介词归纳

about 关于,对于,在附近,在…周围,在…范围

在指"不久就要……"时,后通常接不定式,如about to start。也有接动名词,如about starting。但是不可再加表示时间的词,如不可说about starting at once;

指"大约"的意思时,表达方式有about ten,about half等。注意ten和half都是明确的数量,about不该用在"多少不定"的词前,如about more than ten,about less than half;与at搭配使用时,about是副词,没有at时,about 是介词。句中可有at,也可没有,意思相同。I went (at) about five (o'clock).

above 在…以上(标准)超过,过于

表示位置时笼统指"在上方",不一定垂直,也不与其宾语相接触。

The glider was soaring above the valley.

那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。

Applicants must be above the age of 18.

申请者的年龄必须超过18岁。

The temperature has been above the average recently. 近来的气温一直比平均温度高。

The sun rose above the horizon.

太阳升到地平线上。

The bird is flying low above the water.

那只鸟在水面上低飞。

A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army. 海军的上校军衔高于陆军的上尉军衔。

across 交叉,横穿,在…(对面) 那边

across意为从一头到另一头,处于跨越的位置。后常加from,如:

He lives across (the street) from my house.

他住在我的房子的对面。

与across不同,through是指在三维空间里移动。如:

We walked across the ice.

I walked through the wood.

after 在…之后(时间),在…后面

注意after和in的使用:从某时说到多少时间以后,不用after,而用in。如果指"某个时刻,日期或事件以后",用after。

He will/would arrive in four weeks.

He will(或would)arrive after four o'clock /5 July/the

ceremony.

表达"某事件的若干时间以后"时,应是"若干时间after事件",而不是"after若干时间of事件"。可说two hours after his arrival,不可说after two hours of his arrival。在"two hours after his arrival"前加不同的介词,有不同的意思:"two hours after his arrival"单用时指"他到达两小时以后"。若前面加the,如the two hours after his

arrival指"他到达以后的两小时",加for指"在他到达以后

的两小时全段时间里",加in 跟没有in意思相同,加within 指"在他到达以后的两小时中的某时刻";

指"若干时间after日期或月份"时,常把当天的日期或当月除外。如five days after 3 July,指从7月4日算起的5天以后,也就是7月9日。但有例外,five days after I July 可能指7月8日,months

after July可能指11月,注意避免这种结构产生误解;

指"从过去的某时或某事说到现在"时,不用after,用since,所以可说Since his graduation he has been abroad.(since 不可改成after)一定要改的话,可表示为After his graduation he went

abroad. 这里的after是介词,用作连接词时用法一样。

He went abroad after he graduated.

不可说 He has been abroad after he graduated.

half after four,five minutes after eight等是美国英语,相当于英国英语half past four,five minutes past eight等,英国方言中也有half after four等表达方式;after引导的状语从句,用现在时态,不用将来时态。

I shall start after he comes.

after常指时间先后的次序,而behind常指位置,如August

comes after July,用after,,而A garden lies behind the house,用behind。不过有时after和behind可以通用。Please shut the

door after/behind you.

He came in after/behind her.

t

against 相反,反对,逆着,靠着

t用在fight,strive,struggle等词后面,同with 意思相同,不过against更强调一种困难中的反抗。

We fight for the weak against the strong.

2.作为介词,against后接的宾语有时可省略。

He had intended to come but somehow decided

against(it).

t作"反对"解时反义词是for。

There are 26 votes for him and 8 against him.

有26票赞成他,8票反对他。

We sailed against the wind.

我们逆风航行。

It's against your promise to go on smoking.

继续抽烟,这违背了你的诺言。

They forced me to do things against my will.

他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。

He propped himself against the wall.

他倚靠着墙。

along 顺着,沿着,带着

作为介词时,与名词road,river,corridor,line等连用,常指那些有这细长外形的名词。

I saw her running along the road.

涉及到时期或活动时,常用through,如through the centuries(NOT along the centuries)和all through the journey(NOT all

along the journey)。

We walked along the road.

我们沿着路走。

The procession passed along the street.

游行队伍沿着街道前进。

You can go straight along this street to the traffic light.

你可以顺着这条街一直走到红绿灯处。

He walked along the mountain ridge.

他顺着山脊走。

among 在…之中(三者以上)

among与between的比较:among用在三个或三个以上的人或物前,between是用在两者之间, 与and搭配,如between he and

me,但不与among搭配,不能说among A, B and C。表示在某些物体的两边之间时,不管物体的数量多少,用between。divide或share一些东西的时候,单数名词用divide between和share

between,而复数名词用between 或among都可。

There is a little valley between high mountains.

He divided his money between his wife, his daughter and his

sister.

I shared the food between/among all my friends.

around 围绕,四处,在…周围

around和round相似,均作副词和介词用。美国人习惯用around,如下列各例句:

He turned the moon, the artificial satellites move

around the earth.

I went around to the post-office.

Around 800 men came.

around有一些固定的搭配,如around and about,around and

above,all around等。而有时不可用around,如winter comes

around,all the year around,win one around等;round与around的比较:round常指在圈内或者曲线上的移动或定位。英国人还常用round作"去到一个地方的每个部分"或"分东西给组里的每个人"。而around则指不明确的,模糊的移动或定位。

She walked round the car and looked at the wheels. We

walked round the old part of the town.

Could you pass the cups round, please?

The children were running around/about everywhere.

as 当作,作为,以…身份

as作"以…的身份,以…资格,作为,以…角"解时常与动词act,employ,function,serve,speak,work或形容词famous,known,

recognized等连用。

As a cub reporter he would learn the facts of life in the

newspaper world.

作为一名初出茅庐的记者,他要了解报界生涯的内幕。

Just as writing a fiction,programming is a process of creating

art.

如同写小说一样,程序设计也是一个艺术创造的过程。

as比较常用于as...as和as两个句型。

at 在…方面,在…地点,在…时刻

in与at的比较:用于地方时,at指较小的地方,如指城镇时,in指较大的地方,用于省、国家、大陆前。国际大都市前用at 和in都有,但在London前通常用in。在指说话人的住处时要用in,且一般in表示实在的存在,而at却不是。说到某大城市的某大建筑物,往往在大城市名称的前面用at,如the Pantheon at Rome。说到商店、机关、学校等,假使看作一个地点(point)用at。假使看作一个场所(place)用in,the barber's (理发店),Green's (Green所开的店)等前面只用at,不用in。说到门牌用at,如live at 1184 Zhongshan

Road,路名前面该用in,而说"在……路口"用at;

用于时间时,可表示时刻,如at night,at three o'clock,at

dawn,at any time等。也可表示较短的时期,如at night,at the

beginning of the month等,其中at night表示时刻时意为"在薄暮",表示较短的时期时意为"在夜里",通常指黄昏或上半夜;

at用于信封地址前可指"转交"。

Mike at 99 Zhongshan Road 经常不在上海

中山路99号,请予以转交。

at用于一些动词后面表示某种情绪、非语言交流或攻击性行为,如smile at me,point at me,shout at you等;arrive后面一般都接in或at,而不接to,如When did you arrive in New Zealand?而不是to New Zealand;

at five years old和at five miles distant里用at,可改作at five

years of age或at the age of five years 和at five miles' distance,这种用法较为普遍。

e of

because of 由于,因为

because of后跟名词或名词短语,如:

We win the game because of his participation.

由于他的参与,我们赢了比赛。

Because of his irresolute character, we were defeated at last.

因为他性格的软弱,我们最终被打败了。

They've surcharged us 10% on the price of the holiday

because of a rise in air fares.

因飞机票涨价,他们在度假费用中向我们增收了10%25附加费。

The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because

of the fog.

由于有雾,警察告诫驾车者减慢速度。

Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the

severe pollution.

因为污染严重,许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。

before 在…之前(时间),先于

before可用于表示时间。首先,可以表示"先于,在…以前",其后可以跟表示具体日期、时间等的名词或数词,也可以跟表示时间或动作的名词。其次,可以表示"在做…之前",后接 v -ing。再次,可以表示"紧接在…之前"。before用于否定句还可表示"直到…为止"。注意before之后只能接表示时间点的名词,而不能接表示时间段的名词。

before可用于表示动态或静态的位置,意思是"在…之前",与behind相对。

before可用于表示顺序或排列上的"在…之前"或"居于…之前",与after相对。引申可用于表示比较,即在等级、价值、重要性、能力等方面的"在先""优于""重于"。再引申则可用于表示对某事物的优先选择,即"宁可"或"与其…宁可"。before还可表示"面对,在…眼前,在…面前""有待于去完成""在审理中,由…考虑""在…压力下"等。

另外:Before同ago的比较:表示"早于现在多少时间前",用ago。表示"早于过去某时多少时间前",通常用before 。表示"早于将来某时多少时间前",也用before。表示"早于

任何某时(不是现在、过去或将来的某时)多少时间前",

仍用before。表示"从现在说到以前,不特指若干时间"时,用before。在倒数回以前,表示"一些事情已发生了多久"时,可用before。

behind 在…之后(物体),落后

behind可以用于表示时间,意思是"迟于",也可作"一去不

复返"解。

behind用于表示空间位置可以有三种情况:①所在位置;②目的地;③通过,即移动到某处,然后又离开。

behind作"留于身后""走后留下"解时常与

leave,stay,remain等动词连用;作"当某人已通过…之后"解时常与close,shut 等动词连用。

behind还可由上述意义引申表示在程度、能力、进度等方面"较…落后",还可表示"以…为后盾;支持"。

Who is the girl standing behind Richard?

站在理查德后面的那个姑娘是谁?

The train was 10 minutes behind time.

火车晚到了十分钟。

Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technologies.

在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。

Behind your every action is self-interest.

你的每一行动都出于个人私利。

The police were hard behind the escapees.

警察正在紧追逃犯。

below 在…下面(标准),到…下面,如:

His income is well below the average.

他的收入大大低于平均水平。

The class has dropped below ten students this year. 今年这个班的学生降到了10人以下。

Please do not write below this line.

请不要写到这条线下面。

h

beneath 在…下(on的反义词),低

beneath, below, under, underneath 这四个词均可表示"在…的下边"。under与over相对,物体之间可以互相接触,也可以有一定空间;

below与above相对,物体之间不一定存在垂直的位置关系,而且互不接触; beneath的用法和under 相仿,二者可互换,但under使用的频率较高; underneath表示空间位置关系时,常可用under, beneath,

below替换。They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves.

他们在一堆树叶下面发现了那具尸体。

The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow.

大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。

He is beneath his brother intellectually.

他在智力方面不如他兄弟。

Such behaviour is beneath contempt.

这种行为令人不齿。

He shrugged off my criticism as though it was beneath his

notice.

他不理睬我的批评,好像我的批评不值得他一顾似的。

beside 在…旁边,和…比较,如:

I set a chair beside him and sat down.

我在他旁边放了一把椅子然后坐下了。

The little girl is sitting beside her mother.

小女孩正坐在她妈妈旁边。

Our achievements seem small beside his.

与他的成就相比我们的就显得微不足道了。

Money seems unimportant when setting beside the joys of

family life.

与天伦之乐相比,金钱显得微不足道。

s

besides 除…之外,在…之外

besides用作介词的意思是"除…之外",用在肯定句中指更

进一步的拥有,即包括besides后所列的内容在内; 用在否定句或疑问句中则指只有besides所包括的内容,即"除…之外(不或没有)"。

besides后除可接名词外,还可接动名词,在动词do后还可接不带to的动词不定式。

如:There are six members besides Mr and Mrs Winston. 温斯顿夫妇外,还有6个成员。

I am very tired, besides, I have a cold.

我很累,也很冷。

besides后偶接不含to的不定式。

That day I had nothing to do besides answer letters. 那天,除了回信,我什么事也没有。

besides后可接that从句。

Besides that he explained the theory, he gave us several

examples.

他不仅给我们解释理论,还举了多个例子。

n

between 在…之间(两者),介乎…之间,连接…

between的基本意思是"在…之间",一般说,between指两者之间,其宾语可以是有具体数目的人或物,也可以是用and 连接的两个具体的人或物。

between在下列情况下可以用于三者或更多的人或物:①表示"每两者之间"时;②用and连接时;③指事物之间的区别或彼此之间的关系时;④强调"由于…的合作结果"时;⑤在divide, share等表示"分享"的动词与表示三者或三者以上的复数名词之间时。

Children must attend school between 5 and 16.

5至16岁的孩子必须上学。

There is a generation gap between my parents and I. 我父母和我之间有代沟。

She tried to intervene between her husband and son. 她想调

解丈夫和儿子之间的争吵。

beyond 在…那一边,超过,迟于,beyond作"除…之外"解时主要用于否定句和疑问句。如:

The level of inflation has gone beyond 8%.

通货膨胀率已经超过了8%。

Such philosophical subtleties are beyond my reach. 这种深奥的哲理我可无法理解。

The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression. 那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。

The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中。

He's got nothing beyond his state pension.


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