Argument典型题精讲练习题(2)

Argument典型题精讲练习题（2）

Argument典型题精讲（3）(共3题，共0.0分)

分析40题的论证点

40, Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and

calcium—substances essential for building and maintaining

bones. Many people therefore say that a diet rich in dairy pr

oducts can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease that is linked to

both environmental an d genetic factors and that causes the

bones to weaken significantly with age. But a lon g-term study of

a large number of people found that those who consistently

consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have

a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the

study. Since bone fractures are symptomatic of oste oporosis, this

study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually

increas e, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence

is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the

evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

您的答案：

评分标准：

.We need evidence about/ to prove that:

1, detailed information about the studied people (quality of

t he sample)

2, The fact that those people consistently consume dairy pro

duct is not because they are more likely to suffer from bone

fractures to begin with. (confusing the cause and the effect) 3,

The reason that account for bone fractures does not neces sarily

lead to osteoporosis.

(cause-effect fallacy/ unrelated concepts)

参考答案：

.We need evidence about/ to prove that:

1, detailed information about the studied people (quality of

t he sample)

2, The fact that those people consistently consume dairy pro

duct is not because they are more likely to suffer from bone

fractures to begin with. (confusing the cause and the effect) 3,

The reason that account for bone fractures does not neces sarily

lead to osteoporosis.

(cause-effect fallacy/ unrelated concepts)

本题【0.0分确认

分析42题的论证点

42, The following is a letter to the head of the tourism bureau

on the island of Tria.

"Erosion of beach sand along the shores of Tria Island is a

serious threat to our island and our tourist industry. In order to

stop the erosion, we should charge people for usi ng the beaches.

Although this solution may annoy a few tourists in the short term,

it will raise money for replenishing the sand. Replenishing the

sand, as was done to prot ect buildings on the nearby island of

Batia, will help protect buildings along our shores, thereby

reducing these buildings' risk of additional damage from severe

storms. And si nce beaches and buildings in the area will be

preserved, Tria's tourist industry will imp rove over the long

term."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence

is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the

evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

您的答案：

评分标准：

.We need evidence about/ to prove that:

1, comparability between B and T (false analogy)

2, Replenishing sand would suffice to protect the buildings /

the buildings need to be protected.

(sufficiency/ necessity)

3, protecting the buildings and beaches alone can ensure the

prosperity of T’s tourism (sufficiency)

4, charging tourists could effectively combat erosion / no bet

ter methods (sufficiency/ necessity)

5, possible negative effects (adv:disadv)

参考答案：

.We need evidence about/ to prove that:

1, comparability between B and T (false analogy)

2, Replenishing sand would suffice to protect the buildings /

the buildings need to be protected.

(sufficiency/ necessity)

3, protecting the buildings and beaches alone can ensure the

prosperity of T’s tourism (sufficiency)

4, charging tourists could effectively combat erosion / no bet

ter methods (sufficiency/ necessity)

5, possible negative effects (adv:disadv)

本题【0.0分确认

分析44题的论证点

44, The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a

journal on environmental issue s.

"Over the past year, the Crust Copper Company (CCC) has

purchased over 10,000 squ are miles of land in the tropical nation

of West Fredonia. Mining copper on this land wil l inevitably

result in pollution and, since West Fredonia is the home of several

endange red animal species, in environmental disaster. But such

disasters can be prevented if c onsumers simply refuse to

purchase products that are made with CCC's copper unless t he

company abandons its mining plans."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or

unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how

the argument depends on these assumptions and w hat the

implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove

unwarranted.

您的答案：

评分标准：

1, The mining does not necessarily lead to pollution and disa

ster. (cause-effect fallacy)

.What fraction of the land will be used for mining? (vague da

ta)

.Mining technology? Location? (incomplete information)

2, If the consumers can distinguish products made with

CCC’s copper? (feasibility)

Are the consumers willing to cooperate in the boycott? (feasi

bility)

3, The author assumes that the boycott will sufficiently preve

nt environmental problems / no better measures could be ta ken.

(sufficiency/ necessity)

参考答案：

1, The mining does not necessarily lead to pollution and disa

ster. (cause-effect fallacy)

.What fraction of the land will be used for mining? (vague da

ta)

.Mining technology? Location? (incomplete information)

2, If the consumers can distinguish products made with

CCC’s copper? (feasibility)

Are the consumers willing to cooperate in the boycott? (feasi

bility)

3, The author assumes that the boycott will sufficiently preve

nt environmental problems / no better measures could be ta ken.

(sufficiency/ necessity)