二模阅读理解--隐晦的主旨目的题

浙江省绍兴高考第二次模考阅读理解易错拓展练习--阅读理解中隐晦的主旨目的题

Every 40 days a language dies. This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate

crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the

7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century.

Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution (迫害), with

the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous (土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South

Africa and Argentina were climate crisis is now considered the “final nail in the coffin”

for many indigenous languages and the knowledge they represent.

“Languages are already endangered,” says Anastasia Richl, director of the Strathy language

unit at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. Huge factors are globalization and migration, as

communities move to regions where their language is not spoken or valued, according to Richl.

“It seems particularly cruel,” she says, “that most of the world's languages are in parts of the

world that are growing unpleasant to people. “Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring

12,189km, has 110 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one

of the countries most at risk of sea level rise, she says. “Many small language communities are on

islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise.” Others live on lands where

rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration.

In response to the crisis, the UN launched the International Decade of Indigenous

Languages in 2022. Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is “not only

important for them, but for all humanity”, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president,

urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages.

【小题1】Why is Vanuatu mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. To explain the main reason for language density.

B. To show the common features of endangered languages.

C. To stress the impact of geographical position on migration.

D. To illustrate the situation of minority language communities.

You know exercise is heart smart and good for you. But do you really know how much

physical activity you're getting? Studies show that using a fitness tracker--a device that tracks

your movement-can increase your steps per day by more than a mile.

“Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health,” says cardiologist (心脏病医生) Seth

Martin. “Being more active and changing your habits is important but difficult. Tracking likely

helps people when combined with a clear goal to shoot for.”

Having an objective daily record can open people's eyes to how little exercise they're getting,

Martin says, which can recalibrate their mindset(心态)and get motivated. People find ways to

incorporate(融入)more activities into their day, walking during meetings, or simply taking the

stairs instead of an elevator. “Fitness tracking gives people information and enables them to start

making changes for heart health,” Martin says.

Try a few trackers until you find one that's comfortable for you and your budget. Martin

suggests, “Once you've made a match, you can try the next steps: Use the tracker consistently

every day. Set a goal and then find activities you enjoy that also fit into your daily life and can be

sustained over the long term. Finally, encourage friends and family to use trackers as well. It can

create a social support network and even foster a sense of competition. Follow these tips, and

you'll be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier heart.”

So be ready, as doctors learn and introduce even better ways to use these devices. In a

randomized clinical trial, Martin and his colleagues tested an automated, real-time, personalized

program that sent coaching text messages to cardiology patients based on data from a wearable

device paired with their phone. Over the short term, this coaching system helped increase step

counts by over a mile a day beyond tracking alone. “I think technology can be a very powerful

tool to get people moving more,” says Martin.

【小题2】According to paragraphs 1-2, what do people fail to do when exercising?

A. Integrate movement into work. B. Maintain a daily exercise

schedule.

C. Kick improper habits of exercising. D. Monitor the amount of physical

activity.

The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that fires should be

kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smoky the Bear's famous warning:“Remember, only YOU can prevent forest fires”. However, that's not always the case. Under the

right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well

as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.

After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on

these newly available foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the pine (松树) snake prefer

forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard put it, “One of the most harmful things

modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine forests.

Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and

proper cover.”

If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see? Pine needles, cones, leaves,

branches might come to mind-all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without any type

of removal, the 'fuel load' can lead to fires catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast,

prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an

appropriate and manageable level. They can also minimize the spread of pest insects and disease

and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important

wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various

plants.

Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on the landscape when and where

appropriate. Smokey Bear even has an updated warning: “Only You can Prevent Wildfires,”as

the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and procedures to include

prescribed fire as a management tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight

wildfires.

【小题3】Why did the author mention Smoky the Bear's warning?

A. To introduce the topic of the passage. B. To clarify a misunderstood concept.

C. To show the significance of fire prevention. D. To raise people's awareness of forest

protection.

More than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction, a shocking new report has

revealed.

The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development, timber (木对木) harvesting, and agricultural expansion. ''Time is running out for the world's biodiversity,”

said Douglas Justice, associate director at the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden.

"Every recent survey of plants and animals in the wild points to this." He continued,“This is happening nearly everywhere that rarer maples exist. And because of climate

change, the narrow habitats that support species at the tops of mountains are quickly

disappearing."

The trees can be found in sub-tropical and tropical (赤道的)regions, as far south as

Indonesia. The only species found in the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only are the

trees a popular ornamental (装饰的)feature in parks and public spaces, but also they are a key

part of the natural ecosystem in woodlands, as well as being an important timber crop in several

countries.

China is home to the largest proportion (比例)of maples with 92 species. It has seen a

number of trees become endangered due to urban expansion. Some 14 of the 23 maple trees at

risk of extinction in the country are only found in China and have small populations and limited

geographical ranges.“ We still have an opportunity to save species from disappearance, but it will

take expertise, resources and the cooperative efforts by the world's botanical gardens to make it

work," Justice added.

One species in Mexico, the Acer binzayedii, is in "desperate need of conversation" despite

only being discovered in 2017. "It is at risk from climate change in its cloud forest habitat and

threatened by grazing, logging, and forest fires, the report adds. The report recommends

developing conversation plans, monitoring species currently not at risk to ensure populations are

maintained (保 持), and adding those missing maple species to seed banks and the like.

BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conversation International) is now establishing a conversation

program to address the conservation needs of maple species. Maple specialists will work

together to develop comprehensive strategies to manage and deliver conservation action points

for the species.

【小题4】What are the last two paragraphs intended to tell us?

A. There is no guarantee of maintaining the tree populations.

B. It can never be too late to join hands to protect the species.

C. All maple trees of the species are on the edge of extinction.

D. Effective measures should be taken to conserve maple trees.

Forget pop stars with make-up and the latest reality TV show contestants; the most

eye-catching star in China right now is a young Tibetan herdsman who has captured millions of

people's hearts with his ruggedly (粗犷地)handsome appearance.

His dark-colored skin, big eyes, long eyelashes and thick but messy hair have proved winning

features for Dingzhen, a 20-year-old native of a remote county in Sichuan province, after a short

video of him released last November went viral on social media platform Tik Tok.

“How can such a man, wild but pure, exist in the world? I immediately fell in love with him,”

one Tik Tok user wrote. “I've seen this video tens of times,” wrote another user, “His eyes are

full of stars and are as pure as the blue sky behind him.”

Sick of male entertainment stars delicate looks and heavy use of make-up, many Chinese

netizens are attracted by this Tibetan villager's rugged style. In the video, which has gathered

over 2.7 million likes and 135,000 comments, most of which express fondness for Dingzhen, he is

seen walking in front of his home on the Tibetan Plateau and smiling shyly towards the camera.

Dingzhen shot to fame quite by accident. The video was shot by a local cameraman who

went to his home to take pictures of Dingzhen's father or brother for an exhibition to introduce

the region. Neither his father and brother were at home, so Dingzhen was shot instead.

The county's authorities quickly sensed the opportunity brought by this new online celebrity.

One state-owned company hired Dingzhen, offering him a job as “cultural ambassador” paying

3,500 yuan a month with other benefits including insurance and a housing fund. Gao Xiaoping,

vice general manager of the company, said they hoped “more people will know about Litang

through Dingzhen”.

【小题5】Why did the author mention pop stars or entertainment stars in the text?

A. To show Dingzhen's influence on pop stars. B. To emphasize the importance of

opportunity.

C. To explain the reasons for Dingzhen' popularity. D. To reveal a new tendency in

entertainment programs.

If you cut in line, you might just be a bad person. The queue is a regulation where the reward

(the ice-cream stand/dining room/ticket booth) is earned through patience. Your choice to avoid

this time-honored process will be bound to draw the anger of those you pass by, drawing remarks

like “Whoa there, Chief,” the passive-aggressive “There's a line, you know!” and of course,

the incredibly common “Hey, Copernicus, why don't you guide yourself to the back of the line?”

But, in the moment in which you really cannot wait, for example, the entire royal family has

prepared a dinner party upon you last minute, then there is a way to cut the line correctly.

There are a few different ways to consider and a few different methods to employ. The regularity

of the situation is very important. If you're waiting to use the photocopier at work, you might be

more likely to manage a successful cut than if you were waiting for a lifeboat on the Titanic. Sure,

that might be an extreme example. But the importance of the event does matter.

For those requests in normal situations, emphasizing either the urgency of your task or the

simplicity of your task proved to be effective: experimenters who said “Excuse me, I have five

pages. May I use the photocopier?” had a cut rate of 60 percent and experimenters who said

“May I use the photocopier because I need to make copies?” saw a success rate of 90 per cent

when queuing for the copy machine.

If you have a couple of extra dollars lying around, bribing members of the line also proved to

be effective. And most of the time, the person being bribed didn't end up accepting the money,

because even the offer showed that the briber had a sense of desperation.

【小题6】Why does the author use the remarks about Chief and Copernicus in paragraph 1?

A. To illustrate the reaction from members in line. B. To encourage those who want to cut

in line.

C. To praise the behavior of cutting in line. D. To provide advice which helps cut in

line.

After a lifetime working behind the scene, celebrity photographer David Steen decided to

turn the spotlight on himself. He wanted to create a record of his life and so he called upon the

services of auto-biography company, LifeBook. Working closely with them, he was able to bring

together a wonderful collection of stories. The result was Lucky Boy, an interesting written

portrait that he could share with his children and grandchildren.

Steen's career began when he started working as an office boy for the magazine Picture Post

in 1951. To a boy brought up in a crowded flat, he had entered a world that seemed impossibly

fruitful. The 15-year-old David was taken under the wing of the renowned Bert Hardy, the

magazine's chief photographer. Steen recalls in his autobiography, “I would go on lots of jobs with

him as his assistant. I cleaned his cameras and I drove him everywhere.” Eventually, his effort paid

off. The magazine sent him on his first foreign director in Paris.

His professional career enriched his Lifebook. “I remember photographing a little boy in a

slum”, Steen wrote. However, some days would be spent in the splendid world of the

famous. Undoubtedly, he naturally had an eye for a good picture and was never one to miss an

opportunity. On one occasion, Steen was on an assignment in Rio. When at the hotel bar, he

found himself standing next to Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs. “We started chatting. By the end

of the evening, I had persuaded him to let me photograph him on a railway line.”

After seeing a friend's LifeBook Steen made the decision to follow suit. He didn't say a word to his

family because he wanted the book to be a surprise for them, so much so that when he

presented the books to his family on Christmas Day, everyone was amazed and delighted.

【小题7】Why are the boy in a slum and the robber Ronnie Biggs mentioned in Para. 3?

A. They reflect David had a great professional sense.

B. They prove poverty and robbery go hand in hand.

C. They conclude how David's career began to take off.

D. They show that David had sympathy for poor children and hated Robbers

A few years ago, I started to notice big shifts in teens' behavior. Around 2014, teens started to

spend their time much differently from the generations before. These teens and young adults all

have one thing in common: Their childhood or adolescence coincided with the rise of the smart

phone. For this reason, I call them iGeneration.

What makes iGen different? Growing up with a smartphone has affected nearly every aspect of

their lives. They spend so much time on the Internet, texting friends and on social media that

they have less leisure time for everything else. Whether it's going to parties, shopping at the mall,

or watching movies, iGen teens are participating in these social activities at a significantly low

rate.

Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because

it differs from the way they spent their own adolescence. But it is not just different—in many

ways, it's actually worse. Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills.

A 2016 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens

ended the time better at reading emotions on others' faces, suggesting that iGen's screen-filled

lives might cause their social skills to shrink.

In addition, in the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of iGen teens who

read a non required book every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2016.

Perhaps as a result, average SAT critical reading scores have dropped 14 points since 2010.

iGen shows another break with the previous generations: Depression, anxiety, and loneliness

have shot upward with happiness declining. The teen suicide rate increased by more than 50

percent, as did the number of teens with clinical-level depression.

Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friends—they

were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what iGen needs now.

【小题8】Why is the “annual Monitoring the Future survey” mentioned in paragraph 4?

A. To stress the importance of reading the required books.

B. To explain the reason why iGeneration reads less.

C. To introduce the reading situation of iGeneration.

D. To show the influence of reading on iGen teenagers' mental health.

Indian-origin Anvitha Vijay has given a new meaning to the phrase “age is just a number”;

she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and

experience.

Vijay, who lives with her parents in Melbourne, Australia, at the age of seven realized that

her piggy bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app, so she

decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of Youtube videos, the young techie learned

to code. For one entire year, she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a

programmer herself.

Vijay's inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister, who was still learning to talk.

Therefore, Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister's age. The app

uses about 100 sounds and flash cards of different animals that help children learn and identify.

Later, Vijay developed a similar iOS app for children to identify and learn colors.

Anvitha's skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San

Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learned

about the latest software for app building.

All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one called Goals Hi, inspires kids to

practice good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals, such as eating their vegetables or

practicing piano, Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.

Anvitha's goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But

what's even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids' hands.“The more training we get in tech at an early age,”she says, “the better chance we have of

becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”

【小题9】What is Anvitha's major purpose of continuing creating technology?

A. To help kids learn while having fun. B. To enable kids to get training at an

early age.

C. To prove children's ability of advancing technology. D. To help little children like her sister

learn and identify.

Crop diversity (多样性)is important to feed the increasing population of our planet.

Agricultural experts say having a large variety of plants also helps to protect crops against

possible diseases and future risks. Hundreds of thousands of different plants now exist. But many

experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.

One of the world's largest seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The

Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species

could permanently disappear. The rich collection of genes that decide their qualities would

disappear with them.

Not all experts agree that a decrease in cultivated(培植的)food crops is a risk. A recent study,

led by Paul Heald of the University of Illinois College, showed a different situation, at least in the

United States. The study examined records of plant varieties in America during the past century.

They found that the total number of vegetable and apple crop varieties in the United States did

not fall over the past century. Instead, he says, the study may show a small increase in the

number of varieties.

For those who regard it as a major risk, they blame climate change and loss of habitat,

normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They note human activities also contribute to the

problem. Besides, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says modern business

farming is responsible for loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties. Some scientists and others

blame patenting for what they say are losses of crop diversity. A patent is the legal right of an

inventor to a process or a product, even a plant. To get this right, the inventor has to demonstrate

the qualities that make the patented plant different from other plants.

But the study led by Professor Paul actually failed this assumption. Professor Paul said, “People

tend to believe what they want to believe. But as a scientist, I must believe the study results. ”

【小题10】The study led by Paul Heald is mentioned in paragraph 3 to ______________.

A. show America's great achievement in protecting crop diversity

B. give a different opinion that the number of crop varieties is increasing

C. explain the present situation of vegetables and apple crop varieties

D. support the viewpoint that the number of crop varieties is decreasing

参考答案：

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