2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版

2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版

2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解

Section ⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank

and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation

apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods

without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we

realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find

north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow

the land…

When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, youhave to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And

where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on

supplies of fresh water.9 ,if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you

should 10 see signs of people.

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you

may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your

bearings.

Another12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in

dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train

tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to

find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and

streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.

18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the

19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can

20 you to civilization.

1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All

【答案】C

【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程 序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。空格所在句指出：我们中 在没有电话，个人 GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根 据语义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。

2. [A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come

【答案】C

【解析】run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。其他选项：Put on （穿上；使运 转）；take on （承担；呈现）；come on （快点；开始），语义不通顺。故正确答案为 [C] run。

3. [A]Since [B] If [C]Though [D]Until

【答案】B

【解析】空格所在句译文： 你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路， 不到北方，

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。此处为假设的情况，故填入if（如果）符合上下文

的表达。其余选项：Since （因为；自从）， though （虽然）， until （直到）带入后，

语义不通顺。故正确答案为[B] If。

4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句译文： 你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路， 不到北方，

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义

通顺：你的确不到北方。其余选项：Formally （正式地），relatively（相对地），

gradually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为[D] literally.

5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句译文： 你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路， 不到北方，

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入back（回到）文

明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为[A] back。

6. [A]onto [B]off [C]across [D]alone

【答案】B

【解析】空格所在句的句意为：当你 路径，但不是完全 的区域，你需要回答两

个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿条路是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？通过后半句的问题，能 够了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B选项off （远离，离开）符合语义要求； A选项onto（在…之上），C选项across（穿过，横穿），D选项alone（独自地，单独地） 带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B选项off。

7. [A]unattractive [B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空格所在的后半句but开头，所 填入的形容词词需要和前面构成转折的逻辑关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的 路。只有D选项unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合要求；A选项unattractive（不吸引 人的），B选uncrowded（不拥挤的，宽敞的），C选项unchanged（未改变的，无变化

的）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为[D]unfamiliar。

8. [A]site [B]point [C]way [D]place

【答案】C

【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿个 是下

坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？空格处所需的名词需要符合上下文语境。C选项way（道路）符合

语义要求；A选项site（地点，位置，场所），B选项point（要点），D选项place（地方， 地点）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为C选项way。

9. [A]So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水为生。后面也就 是空格所在句： 如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的迹象……很明显空格处所填 入的连词和前面构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项So（所以，因此）符合要求；B选项 Yet（但是，然而），C选Instead（代替，反而），D选项Besides（此外，而且）带入后， 语义不通顺。故正确答案为[A]So。

10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你到的水一直走，你 会看

到人类的迹象……，空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并是句子语义通顺。D选项

eventually （最后，终于）符合语义要求；A选项immediately（立即，立刻），B选项

intentionally（故意地，有意地），C选项unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）带入空格

后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为D选项eventually。

11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句提到：If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out

for familiar sights—you may be surprised how quickly spotting a distinctive rock or

tree can restore your bearings（如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或

许会 快速识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能帮助你恢复记忆）。此句明显体现了积极

褒义的感情彩，根据这个线索，可直接确定A选项surprised为正确答案，即：你或许会感

到惊讶……

12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result

【答案】B

【解析】本文第一段提到：“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了，而且你真的 不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你回到文明社会”。空格所在处提到：另一个 : 登 到高处寻有人类住所的标志，因此此处的another 应该与tricks构成总分关系，即，空格 处所填的名词应与tricks语义相近。只有B选项option（选择，办法）符合要求。

13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example

【答案】D

【解析】空格前提到“另一个办法就是登高来寻有人类居住的标志”，关键词为：

look for signs;空格后提到“在茂密森林里，你应该能够发现由于道路、电缆、火车轨道和

人们在树林中开辟的其他道路而造成的树木之间的空隙”，关键词为：spot gaps。而look

for与spot语义相近，signs为抽象名词，gaps为具体名词，因此空格前后表是例证关系或总

分关系，故D选项for example（例如）为正确答案。

14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate

【答案】C

【解析】本题空格所在句是对前面句子的例证，故主题一致，因此空格处需填入的动词 需和look for语义相近，故选择spot（识别，发现）。

15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under

【答案】B

【解析】空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成顺畅的语义

搭配。Carve woods:在森林中开辟道路， B选项 through用法最恰当，故为正确答案。

16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks

【答案】D

【解析】本题空前有一个指示代词these，通过语义，“these 16 ” 指代上文的

“roads, train tracks, and other paths”，并由定语从句“people carve through the

woods”（人们在森林中开辟的……）修饰。从语义上来看，breaks最合适。

17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited

【答案】A

【解析】本空所处的句子“scan … for 17 light sources”，与本段开头 “look for

sign of human habitation ”结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填形容词和human意思相

近，选择artificial “人造的”。除此之外，17题后面“such as fires and streetlights,”所 列举的两种光源的共同特点就是artificial。

18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally

【答案】D

【解析】空后为条件状语从句“assuming you ”，与上文的“If you”构成顺接递进

关系，选项中，只用finally表顺接。

19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings

【答案】B

【解析】空后的定语从句“we leave on the landscape”，由语义得知此处应该填

“标记”，所以选marks。

20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose

【答案】C

【解析】所填动词需要与主语 “tire blazes, tire tracks and other fearures”轮胎，轮

胎痕迹和其他标记），宾语you，以及不定式 to civilization（文明）之间构成完整语义，所 以此处填lead“引导”最合适。

【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇 的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法 规则的灵活运用。这部分大家一定要注重思路和寻线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路 是，根据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。比方说，题目让考生填主句的 内容，那么从句中就会有相应的说明。题目让考生填动词，原文常常在别的地方出现这个动

词的同义词。那么如何判断呢？首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，到有同一宾语的 句子，该句中的动词就是所需填写词的同义词。具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网强 化阶段英语强化班的完型填空部分有重点讲解。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by

choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

Text 1

Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bossesof big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be

delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main

purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-

taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a

much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu

all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly

traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He

quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial

impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat

them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he

notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient

investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s

efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been

dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of

equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial

markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expenseof long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities

and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to

defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping

reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal

finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in

the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders

who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn

more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for

executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all

stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest

in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is

the .

A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

B. help corporations achieve larger profits

C. build a new system of financial regulation

D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干关键词“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new

rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule is to hold

bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial

institutions.”可以得出答案。

22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate .

A. the conditions for generating quick profits

B. governments’ impatience in decision-making

C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D. “short-termism” in economics activities

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred

Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like…”，可以得出答案。

23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies

can be .

A. indirect

B. adverse

C. minimal

D. temporary

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词“Transient investment”定位第三段第二句，“Transient

investors, … can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build

up customer loyalty”可以得出答案。

24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate .

A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”。

B. the significance of long-term thinking.

C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”。

D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干定位到第五、六段，第五段为美国的例子，第六段为法国的例子，

（第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行 的现状；第六段在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。）第六段首句承前启后讲到

“Much more could be done to encourage ‘long-termism’”促进“长期主义”还有很多做法。可以得出答案。

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词best title可知这是一道典型的主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出

答案。

Grade inflation--the gradual increase in average GPAs（grade-point averages）

over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in

higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But

another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade

forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.

Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a

low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that

counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.

The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges

continue to do their utmost to keep students in school （and paying tuition）and

improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was

usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their

first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most

colleges save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even

graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.

College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less

about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses

critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.

“Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar,“we see students

achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent

contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”

That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own

needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their

success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades

can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises

GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel

they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern

for colleges.

Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to

consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a

college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out

graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this,

students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.

26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?

change of course catalogs.

ts’ indifference to GPAS.

es’ neglect of GPAS.

influence of consumer culture.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干信息词定位到首段第一句，句子主干“Grade inflation is often

considered a product of a consumer era in higher education”可以得出答案。

27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?

A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.

B. To maintain colleges’ graduation rates.

C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.

D. To increase universities’ income from tuition.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干要求定位到第三段第二句。该句中的this practice对应题干中的grade

forgiveness，first started对应题干中的original，而不定式短语to give them（freshmen）a second chance…if they struggled in their transition to college- level

courses（如果大一新生在都向大学课程的过渡中有问题的话在给他们一次机会……） 为目的，对应题干中的purpose，故正确答案应为[A]选项To help freshmen adapt to college

learning（帮助大一新生适应大学学习）。

28. According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges to .

A. obtain more financial support

B. boost their student enrollments

C. improve their teaching quality

D. meet local governments’ needs

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干关键词 “paragrph 5”，以及“grade forgiveness”和

“colleges”定位到第五段第一句话。可以得出答案。

29. What does the phrase “to be aligned”（Line 5, Para.6）most probably

mean?

A. To counterbalance each other.

B. To complement each other.

C. To be identical with each other.

D. To be contradictory to each other.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题目定位到第6段最后一句：On this, students’ and colleges’

incentives seem to be aligned.解决本题的关键是this指代的内容，根据上文Since

students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best

interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at leastappear to be. 可以得出答案。

30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by .

A. assessing its feasibility

B. analyzing the causes behind it

C. comparing different views on it

D. listing its long-run effects

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干，表面上问作者通过什么论述方式来探讨grade forgiveness的实践操

作，其实是考全文的主旨写作手法，属于主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出答案。

Text 3

This year marks exactly two countries since the publication of Frankenstein; or,

The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric

light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would

foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.

Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence （AI）raises fundamental

questions:”What is intelligence, identify, or

consciousness? What makes humans humans?”

What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate

the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated

by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to

those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “Westworld” and

“Humans”。

Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone

reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are justin a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss

actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”

But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The

coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions.

Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be

a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and

what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly

as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving

situation is a difficult programming problem.

Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of

ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based

agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use

of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are

beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center.

India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.

On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause

“overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that

would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would

violate international laws or human rights.

While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea

that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.

To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent

machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants

and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.

31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it

A. fascinates AI scientists all over the world.

B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.

C. involves some concerns raised by AI today.

D. has sparked serious ethical controversies.

【答案】C

【解析】由题干表述可判断本题为典型的观点例证题，所证观点就在例证前后，该例子 出现在篇首，引出主题在后。由此可知本题定位句为第一段最后一句话。由此可以得出答 案。32. In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness

A. helps explain artificial intelligence.

B. can be misleading to robot making.

C. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.

D. is too limited for us to reproduce it.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的David Eagleman定位到文中第四段第一句，该段第二句there

are no good theories与题干中的knowledge属于等价代换，该段第二句中的

consciousness与题干中的consciousness对应，第一句表明光人们如何思考就复杂到难以理

解的程度更不用说要复制它了，第二句表明我们没有解释什么是consciousness的理论，与 选项D吻合。

33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles

A. can hardly ever be found.

B. is still beyond our capacity.

C. causes little public concern.

D. has aroused much curiosity.

【答案】B

【解析】题干中的autonomous vehicles定位到第五段第二句。该句出现for

example，可知autonomous vehicle是具体的例子。篇中的例子是为了证明论点，应往前 看，即证明第一句的观点：涉及人工智能的伦理问题在我们身边（注意这里doesn’t和

aren’t为双重否定），说明问题依然存在。由此可以得出答案。

34. The author’s attitude toward Google’s pledge is one of

A. affirmation.

B. skepticism.

C. contempt.

D. respect.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的the author’s attitude，Google’s pledges。回文定位到第七 段，第八段，但其七段都是在讲Google’s pledge，继续看第八段，开头while，转折，while the statement is vague,与vague相反的即是观点，这个地方没有说是谁的观点，无

人认领的观点即是作者的观点。由此可以得出答案。

35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. AI’s Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants

B. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI

C. The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable

D. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control

【答案】C

【解析】本文首段通过引用Mary Shelley的书引出本文要探讨的话题新技术所引发的道

德问题。第二段更是明确指出AI引起了一些问题。第三段和第四段对第二段提出的两个问题

进行了详细的阐述，表明我们并不能确定智能化的程度以及因为所处环境的复杂无法定义人 类自我意识。而在第五段转折之后明确指出AI所涉及的道德问题已经触手可及了。全篇复现 了AI和conscience这两个关键词，因此正确答案为C。

Text 4

States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online

purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with

lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.

The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old

decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The

decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online

purchases.

The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a

customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical

presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales

tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to

the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed

it and few paid.

Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each

year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and

results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by

four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek

long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an

even playing field.”

The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they

usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging

sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax

nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase

is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales

tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t

have to.

Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a

few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses

outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for

smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling

Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s

sales tax from customers and send it to the state.

Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local

and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only

retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with

various state sales tax laws. The

Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a a

statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all

by this decision.”

36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will

A. Dette business’ relutions with states

B. put most online business in a dilemma

C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax

D. forces some states to cut sales tax

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词”The Supreme Court Decision Thursday”定位到首段首

句，States will be able to force more shoppers to pay sales tax when they make

online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers

with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.由该句可知，最高法院的裁决可

以让州政府去强制消费者在网上购物时要上缴销售税（营业税），直接得出选项C。

37. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions

led to the dominance of e-commerce

cost consumers a lot over the years

widely criticized by online purchases

considered up favorable by states

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干定位范围确定为第二，三段，再根据题干细节： overruled decisions 确定定位句为第二段的第一句与第二句，第二句that states said cost them billions of

dollars in lost revenue annually州政府抱怨之前的政策导致每年税收损失惨重。第三句

The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online

purchases，原政策让州政府很难收取网上购物的营业税。综合两句情感彩都为负向，对

州政府不利，从而得出答案为D。

38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has

ed economic development

B. brought prosperity to the country

C. harmed fair market competition

D. boosted growth in states revenue

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干定位Anthony Kennedy定位在第四段，再根据题干细节physical

presence rule确定定位句为第四段的第二句与第三句。第二句"Each year the physical

presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in

significant revenue losses to the States，实体店规定导致州政府税收亏损严重，第三句

the rule "limited States' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented

market participants from competing on an even playing field.该规定限制了州政府持长

期繁荣，并妨碍了所有市场参与者公平竞争，从而得出答案为D。

39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling

A. Internet entrepreneurs B. Big-chair owners

C. Third-party sellers D. Small retailers

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干定位范围确定为第五段，再根据题干细节： more likely to welcome

the Supreme Court ruling确定定位句为第五段的第一句，第一句the ruling is a victory

for big chains这项裁决对于大型连锁公司来说是个胜利。从而得出答案为B。

40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author

a factual account of it and discusses its consequences

bes the long and complicated process of its making

ts its main points with conflicting views on them

D. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implications

【答案】D

【解析】根据各段主旨可以看出作者的行文思路为：首段先介绍新判决，然后二三四段 列出一些与此有关的案例，五六七段论其对行业内各界的影响。由此得出正确选项为D。

【试题点评】今年四篇文章难度一般。在我们整体的考研阅读当中，所需要具备的一个 最重要的能力就是如何去看到题目之后，定准了位，并且到那个我们真正应该到的位 置，在四个选项当中去意思的原文