新SAT官方指南阅读第十九篇全解析

网站：________________________________________________________________新SAT官方指南阅读第十九篇全解析Passage1isadaptedfromEdmundBurke,heevilsofinconstancyandversatility,tenthousandtimesworsethanthoseofobstinacyandtheblindestprejudice,wehaveconsecratedthestate,thatnomanshouldapproachtolookintoitsdefectsorcorruptionsbutwithduecaution;thatheshouldneverdreamofbeginningitsreformationbyitssubversion;thatheshouldapproachtothefaultsofthestateasto5thewoundsofafather,wiseprejudicewearetaughttolookwithhorroronthosechildrenoftheircountrywhoarepromptrashlytohackthatagedparentinpieces,andputhimintothekettleofmagicians,inhopesthatbytheirpoisonousweeds,andwildincantations,theymayregeneratethepaternalconstitution,andrenovatetheirfather’inatecontractsforobjectsofmereoccasionalinterestmaybedissolvedatpleasure—butthestateoughtnottobeconsideredasnothingbetterthanapartnershipagreementinatradeofpepperandcoffee,calicoortobacco,orsomeothersuchlowconcern,tobetakenupforalittletemporaryinterest,belookedonwithotherreverence;becauseitisnotapartnershipinthings15subservi1

网站：________________________________________________________________partnershipinallscience;apartnershipinallart;apartnershipineveryvirtue,ndsofsuchapartnershipcannotbeobtainedinmanygenerations,itbecomesapartnershipnotonlybetweenthosewhoareliving,butbetweenthosewhoareliving,Themunicipalcorporationsofthatuniversalkingdom20arenotmorallyatlibertyattheirpleasure,andontheirspeculationsofacontingentimprovement,whollytoseparateandtearasunderthebandsoftheirsubordinatecommunity,andtodissolveitintoanunsocial,uncivil,e2Everyageandgenerationmustbeasfreetoactforitself,inallcases,ityandpresumptionofgoverningbeyondthegrave,nopropertyinman;nliamentorthepeopleof1688,orofanyotherperiod,hadnomorerighttodisposeofthepeopleofthepresentday,ortobindortocontroltheminanyshapewhatever,thantheparliamentorthepeopleofthepresentdayhavetodisposeof,bind,enerationis,andmustbe,eliving,andnotthedead,nceasestobe,hispowerandhiswantsceasewithhim;andhavingnolongeranyparticipationintheconcernsofthisworld,hehasnolongeranyauthorityindirectingwhoshallbeitsgovernors,2

网站：________________________________________________________________Thosewhohavequittedtheworld,andthosearenotyetarrivedatit,areasremotefromeachother,ssibleobligation,then,canexistbetweenthem;whatruleorprinciplecanbelaiddown,thattwononentities,theoneoutofexistence,andtheothernotin,andwhonevercanmeetinthisworld,thattheoneshould40controltheothertotheendoftime?...Thecircumstancesoftheworldarecontinuallychanging,andtheopinionsofmenchangealso;andasgovernmentisfortheliving,andnotforthedead,ichmaybethoughtrightandfoundconvenientinoneage,cases,whoistodecide,theliving,orthedead?3

网站：________________________________________________________________age1,BurkeindicatesthatacontractbetweenapersonandsocietydiffersfromothercontractsmainlyinitsA)brevityandprominence.B)complexityandrigidity.C)precisionandusefulness.D)seriousnessandpermanence.正确答案：D分析：文章1当中，Burke将个人与社会的契约关系，描述成不是暂时的和易坏的（notapartnershipinthingssubservientonlytothegrossanimalexistenceofatemporaryandperishablenature.），这体现出契约关系的永久性；另外，作者还将这种契约关系描述成在所有领域都适用的（Itisapartnershipinallscience,apartnershipinallart;apartnetshipineveryvirtue,andinallperfection.），这体现出契约关系的严肃性。inline2,“state”mostnearlyreferstoaA)styleofliving.B)positioninlife.C)temporarycondition.D)politicalentity.正确答案：D分析：文章当中，state指代政府，政府可以保护市民免受社会不稳定带来的困扰。inline12,“low”mostnearlymeansA)petty.B)weak.C)inadequate.D)depleted.正确答案：A分析：文章中提到：政府不仅仅是一种贸易契约关系，和一些琐碎事务（lowconcern）的契约关系,还涉及其他所有领域。ostreasonablybeinferredfromPassage2thatPaineviewshistoricalprecedentsasA)generallyhelpfultothosewhowanttochangesociety.4

网站：________________________________________________________________B)surprisinglydifficultformanypeopletocomprehend.C)frequentlyresponsibleforhumanprogress.D)largelyirrelevanttocurrentpoliticaldecisions.正确答案：D分析：文章23-24行，Paine提到：在任何时代，人们都必须足够自由（everyageandgenerationmustbeasfreetoactforitself,inallcases,astheagesandthegenerationswhichprecededit.）这说明，Paine认为上代人不应该主导决定当代人的生活和政治。36、HowwouldPainemostlikelyrespondtoBurke’sstatementinlines30-34,Passage1(“born”)?A)Hewouldassertthatthenotionofapartnershipacrossgenerationsislessplausibletopeopleofhiserathanitwastopeopleinthepast.B)Hewouldarguethattherearenopoliticallymeaningfullinksbetweenthedead,theliving,andtheunborn.C)Hewouldquestionthepossibilitythatsignificantchangestoapoliticalsystemcouldbeaccomplishedwithinasinglegeneration.D)Hewouldpointoutthatwecannotknowwhatjudgmentsthedeadwouldmakeaboutcontemporaryissues.正确答案：B分析：文章当中，Burke将社会契约关系描述成一个长期稳定的契约关系，这种契约关涉及计过去、现在和未来所有人的关系。而Paine则认为上一代没有权利控制当代人，因为逝去的人是不参与当今世界的各项活动的。37、Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?A)Lines23-24(“it”)B)Lines24-25(“annies”)C)Lines31-32(“accommodated”)D)Lines37-40(“ime”)正确答案：D分析：见第36题解释。38、WhichchoicebestdescribeshowBurkewouldmostlikelyhavereactedtoPaine’sremarksinthefinalparagraphofPassage2?A)Withapproval,becauseadaptingtoneweventsmayenhanceexistingpartnerships.5

网站：________________________________________________________________B)Withresignation,becausechangingcircumstancesareaninevitableaspectoflife.C)Withskepticism,becausePainedoesnotsubstantiatehisclaimwithexamplesofgovernmentschangedforthebetter.D)Withdisapproval,becausechangingconditionsareinsufficientjustificationforchangingtheformofgovernment.正确答案：D分析：文章2的最后一个段落，Paine总结说：因为社会问题会随着时间推移而发生改变，因此活着的人（theliving）不应该墨守成规完全遵照前人的决定。但是Burke认为，活着的人（theliving）没有权利根据偶然性因素推测从而改变政府。因此，Burke对于Paine的结论持否定态度，因为他认为人们没有足够理由去改变现有政府结构。39、Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?A)Lines1-2(“state”)B)Lines3-5(“solicitude”)C)Lines15-17(“perfection”)D)Lines19-21(“unity”)正确答案：D分析：见第38题解释。40、Whichchoicebeststatestherelationshipbetweenthetwopassages?A)Passage2challengestheprimaryargumentofPassage1.B)Passage2advocatesanalternativeapproachtoaproblemdiscussedinPassage1.C)Passage2providesfurtherevidencetosupportanideaintroducedinPassage1.D)Passage2exemplifiesanattitudepromotedinPassage1.正确答案：A分析：文章1认为个人与政府之间有不可违背的契约关系，还认为这种契约关系也存在于不同年代之中，因此，当前和未来的决策，都要受到过去的制约。而文章2则完全不赞同这种观点，认为当前和未来时代的人们，没有义务去保留过去时代人们的信仰。41、ThemainpurposeofbothpassagesistoA)suggestawaytoresolveaparticularpoliticalstruggle.B)discusstherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirgovernment.C)evaluatetheconsequencesofrapidpoliticalchange.6

网站：________________________________________________________________D)describethedutiesthatgovernmentshavetotheircitizens.正确答案：B分析：文章1认为政府是神圣的，任何人不能干扰政府；文章2认为人们有权利改变政府。两篇文章都讨论的是人们与政府之间的关系。7