冠词基本定义和用法

冠词基本定义和用法

冠词基本定义:

冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义

冠词

冠词

the

表示名词为特定者，表示“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思

不定冠a/an

仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义

例如：That’s the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。

I have a book.我有一本书。

Who’s the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁？

冠词的用法

一: 不定冠词的基本用法

a和an的区别

不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

例如：a boy，a university，a European country；an hour，an honor，an island，an elephant，an umbrella

1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）

例如： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。

2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）

例如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）

例如： This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。

4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）

例如： Wait a moment. 等一下。

5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思

例如： We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。

6．用于某此固定词组中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。

背诵歌诀：

冠词a，an两种帽，许多名词都需要。

开头读音若是元，要把an帽来挑选。

辅音开头戴a帽，记住规律莫乱套。

（a，an泛指某一事物。）

练一练：

一、请在横线上填上a或an：

1._________ dog 2._________ dictionary

3.________ student 4._________ egg

5.________ elephant 6.__________ island

7.________ university student 8._________ European country

9.________ honest boy 10.________ honorable deed

______ “m” 12.________ 8—year plan

13________ unhappy boy 14.________ umbrella

15.________ orange 16.________ hour

17.________ green apple 18.________ long umbrella

19.________ useful book 20.________ old bike

二、用a，an填空：

1. This is ____pear and that is ____ apple.

2. Mary has ____ get it from her uncle.

3. Do you have ____QQ number?

4. This is___ is ___ small orange.

5. There is ___“s”in the word “bus”.

6. There is ____“h” and ____ "u" in the word “hour”.

7. My teacher give me ___useful book.

8. I have ___ hour to do my homework.

9. Do you have ___ umbrella.

10. She wear ___ uniform.

二:定冠词的基本用法

1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物

例如： Give me the book. 把那本书给我。

2．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物

例如： Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？

3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物

例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一

本词典。词典在家里。

4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物

例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。

5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前

例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。

Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。

6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物

例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

7．与下列专有名词连用

1）在江、河、湖、海、岛、山脉的名称前

例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake

2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人

例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。

8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人

例如： the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人

the dead 死人

9．在一些习惯说法中

the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left

(right)

背诵歌诀：

三: 不用冠词的几种情况

1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前

例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？ We love science. 我

特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及；

世上独一无二，方位名词乐器；

某些专有名词，外加复数姓氏；

序数词最高级，习惯用语要牢记。

们爱好科学。

2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前

例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。

3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前

例如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。

It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。

Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？

4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前

例如： What’s the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？

He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。

5．学科和球类运动的名称前

例如： We study English. 我们学习英语。

Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？

6．名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词

例如： That is her bike.那是她的自行车。

7．某些固定词组中不用冠词。

(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a

boat，on the bike前需用冠词

(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处

(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上

(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

背诵歌诀：

下列名词不用冠（词），名词之前代词限。

复数名词表泛指，球类、学科和三餐。

专有名词不可数，星期、月份、季节前。

交通方式和节日，习语、称谓和头衔

练一练:

1．_______ sun rises in _______ east．

2．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．

3．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．

4．They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema

yesterday．

5．Where do you live？I live on _________ second floor.

6．I believe that _______ young have a bright future.

7．Paris is _______ most beautiful city, where you can see _______ famous Eiffel Tower.

8．Eddie likes playing _______ basketball best. He doesn’t like playing _______ piano.

9. Shanghai is in _______ east of China．

10. They passed our school _______ day before yesterday．

四、用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边

on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上

in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面

take place发生/take the place(of)代替

at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来

go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上

two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的

next year明年/the next year 第二年

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

课堂练习：

选择填空（冠词综合）：

1．She has _______ orange skirt． _______ skirt is nice．

A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The

2．There is _______ old bike． _______old bike is Mr. Zhao's．

A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The

3． _______ apple a day keeps the doctors away．

A．The B．A C．An D．Two

4．This is _____ empty glass. Would you please give me _____ full one?

A. a, an B. an, a C. the, a D. an, the

5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．

A．a B．an C．the D．／

6．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night．

A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／

7．_______ useful book it is！

A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What

8. —How many books do you have？

—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．

A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one

9. There is _______ university in our town.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

10．_______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world．

A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a

课后练习：

一、单项选择

is _____ apple on the desk.

A. a C. an D./

girl under ____ tree is my sister.

A. a B .the C .an D./

is from _____ U.S.A.

A. a B. the C. an D./

met _____ friend of his on the road.

A. a B .the C .an D./

. black will go back to England______.

A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train

day I went to＿＿＿＿ work on ＿＿＿＿foot.

A. /， / B ./， the ， / D. the， the

is ＿＿＿＿“h” in the word “hour”， but＿＿＿＿ “h”doesn’t make a sound.

A. a， a B. a， the C. the， ，an D .an. the

8.I’m going to see my mother. she is ill ____.

A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital

9. We have three meals _______day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in ________morning every

day.

A. the, the, the B. the, /, the C. a, /, the D .a, the, the

10.---This is________ film I’ve told you about several times.

——It’s great. I’ve never seen ___ more moving one.

A. a， a B. the， the C. the， a D. a， the

11.——Tina，could you please play_______ piano for me while I’m singing？

——with pleasure.

A .a B. an C. the D. /

12.I want to try again. please give me______ third chance again.

A .a B. the C. an D. /

二: 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：

1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.

2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday.

3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second.

4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.

5. Roman was not built in ______ day.

6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.

7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.

8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.

9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s.

10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?

三:单项选择：

1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school

2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital

3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment

4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class

5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth

6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet

7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table

8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus

9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home

10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works

12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air

13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train

14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools

15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed

16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold

17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship

18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times