(整理)建筑结构英语常用词汇

（整理）建筑结构英语常用词汇

总体设计

General design

设计依据

Design basis

建筑红线

Building line

建筑系数

Coefficient of building occupation

界区

Battery limited

有效面积

Effective area

使用面积

Usable area

结构面积

Structural area

建筑面积

Building area

建筑面积密度

Density of building area

竖向布置

Vertical planning

高程

Altitude 等高线

Contour line

相对标高

Relative elevation

绝对标高

Absolute altitude

地震基本烈度

Basic earthquake intensity

抗震设防烈度

Fortification intensity

风玫瑰

Wind rose

建筑朝向

Building orientation

建筑间距

Building distance

公顷

Hectare

指北针

North arrow

测北

Geophical north

建北

Plant north

气象

Meteorology

日照

Sunshine

天然采光

Natural lighting

人工照明

Artificant light; artificial

illumination

照度

Degree of illumination

通风

Ventilation

正压通风

Positive ventilating

噪声

Noise

隔声

Sound insulation

吸声

Sound absorption

保温隔热

Heat insulation

露点

Dewpoint

冷桥

Cold-bridge

遮阳

Sunshade

恒温恒湿

Constant temperature & constant

humidity

消声

Noise elimination; noise

reduction

防振

antivibration

4.2 建筑一般词汇

Conventional terms of

architecture

方案

Scheme; draft

草图

Sketch

透视图

Perspective drawing

建筑构图

Architectural composition

坐标

Coordinate

纵坐标

Ordinate

横坐标

Abscissa

跨度

Span

开关

Bay

进深

Depth

层高

Floor height

净高

Clear height; headroom 横数

Module; modulus

裙房

Skirt building

楼梯

Stair

梯段

Stair slab

楼梯平台

Stair landing 安全出口

Safety exit

疏散楼梯

Escape staircase

楼梯间

Stair well

封闭楼梯间

Enclosure staircase

防烟楼梯间

Smoke prevention stair well

消防电梯间

Emergency elevators well

自动扶梯

Escalator

中庭

Atrium

疏散走道

Escape corridor; escape way

耐火等级

Fire-resistive grade

生产类别

Classification of production

耐火极限

Duration of fire-resistance

防火间距

File-break distance

泄压面积

Area of pressure release

闷顶

Mezanine; mezzanine

砖标号

Grade of brick; strength of brick

承重墙

Bearing wall

非承重墙

Non-bearing wall

挡土墙

Retaining wall

填充墙

Filler wall

围护墙

Curtain wall; cladding wall;

enclosure wall

女儿墙

Parapet wall

隔墙

Partition

（浴室、厕所）隔断

Stall

窗间墙

Pier

墙垛

Pillar

过梁

Lintel

圈梁

Gird; girt; girth

防潮层

Damp-proof course

勒脚

Plinth

横梁

Transverse beam

纵横

Longitudinal wall

山墙

Gable; gable wall

防火墙

Fire wall

压顶

Coping

勾缝

Pointing

砖砌平拱

Brick flat arch

预埋件

Embedded inserts

直抓梯

Ladder

栏杆

Railing

防腐蚀

Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion 化学溶蚀

Chemical erosion

膨胀腐蚀

Expansion corrosion

化学腐蚀

Chemical corrosion

电化学腐蚀

Electro-chemical corrosion

晶间腐蚀

Intergranular corrosion

气相腐蚀

Gaseous corrosion

液相腐蚀

Liquidoid corrosion

固相腐蚀

Solid corrosion

腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion

锈蚀

rusting

4.3 建筑材料

Building materials

级配砂石

Graded sand & gravel

素土夯实

Rammed earth

灰土

Lime-soil

素混凝土

Plain concrete

钢筋混凝土

Reinforced concrete(R.C)

细石混凝土

Fine aggregate concrete

轻质混凝土

Lightweight concrete

加气混凝土

Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete

陶粒混凝土

Ceramsite concrete

水泥膨胀珍珠岩

Cement & expended pearlite

岩棉

Mineral wool; mine wool

沥青

asphalt

卷材

Felt

玛蹄脂

Asphalt mastic

粘土砖

Clay brick

釉面砖

Porcelain enamel brick

空心砖

Hollow brick

砌块

Block

缸砖

guarry brick

锦砖

mosac

地面砖

paving brick

防滑地砖

non-slip brick

耐酸砖（板）

acidbrick (acidtile)

胶泥

mastic

粘土瓦

Cloy tile

玻璃瓦

enamelled tile

波形镀锌钢板

galvanized corrugate steel sheet

玻璃钢瓦

glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile

彩压型钢（铅）板

coloured corrugate steel

(aluminium) plat;

profiuing coloured stccl

(aluminium) plat

石棉水泥瓦

ashestos-cement sheet

水磨石

terrajjo

水刷石

granite plaster

花岗石

granite

磨光花岗石

polished granite

剁斧石

artificial stone

大理石

marble

水泥砂浆抹面

cement plaster

石灰砂浆抹面

lime plaster

水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster

刀灰打底

hemp-cut and lime as base 原木

Log

方木

square timber

板材

plank

胶合板

plywood

三夹板

3plywood

五夹板

5plywood

平板玻璃

flat glass

浮法玻璃

float-process glass

磨砂玻璃

ground glass; frosted glass

起玻璃

prism glass

夹丝玻璃

Wire glass

夹层玻璃

sandwich glass

中空玻璃

hollow glass

钢化玻璃

reinforced glass

镀膜玻璃

coating glass

有机玻璃

organic glass

4.4 建筑构造及配件

Building construction &

component

铺砌

paving

地坪

grade

基层

bedding

素土夯实

rammed earth

垫层

base

结合层

bonding course

面层

Covering

隔离层

insulation course

活动地板

raising floor; movable floor;

access floor

篦子板

grating

地面提示块

ground prompt

遮阳板

sunshade

窗套

Window moulding

护角

curb guard

防水层

water-proof course

平层

Leveling course

隔热层

heat insulation course

保温层

thermal insulation course

檩条

purlin

天窗

skylight

天棚

ceiling

吊顶

suspending ceiling

吊顶龙骨

ceiling joist

雨水口

drain gulley

水斗

Lead head

雨水管

Leader; downspout 天沟

Valley

挑檐overhanging eave 檐口

eave

泛水

flashing

分水线watershed

檐沟

eave gutter

汇水面积catchment area

雨罩

canopy

散水

apron

坡道

ramp

台阶

entrance steps 保温门

thermal insulation door

隔声门（窗）

sound insulation door (window);

acoustical door (window)

防火门（窗）

fire door (window)

冷藏门

freezer door

安全门

exit door

防护门（窗）

protection door (window)

屏蔽门（窗）

Shield door (window)

防风砂门

radiation resisting door (window)

密闭门（窗）

weather tight door

泄压门（窗）

pressure release door (window)

壁柜门

closet door

变压器间门

transformer room door

围墙门

gate

车库门

garage door

保险门

safe door

引风门

ventilation door

检修门

access door

平开门（窗）

side-hung door

推拉门（窗）

sliding door

弹簧门

swing door

折迭门

folding door

卷帘门

rolling door

转门

revolving door

夹板门

plywood door

拼板门

FLB door (framed, Ledged and

battened door);

matchboard door

实拼门

solid door

镶板门

panel door

镶玻璃门

glazed door

玻璃门

glass door

钢木门

steel & wooden door

百页门

shutter door

连窗门

door with side window

传递窗

delivery window

观察窗

observation window

换气窗

vent sast

上悬窗

top-hung window

中悬窗

center-pivoted window

下悬窗

bottom-hung window

立转窗

vertically pivoted window 固定窗

fixed window

单层窗

single window

双层窗

double window

百页窗

shutter

带形窗

continuous window

子母扇窗

attached sash window

组合窗

composite window

落地窗

French window

玻璃幕墙

glazed curtain wall

门（窗）框door (window) frame

拼樘料

transom （横），mullion （竖）

门（窗）扇

door (window) leaf

(平开窗扇casement sash)

纱扇

screen sash

亮子

transom, fanlight

门心板

pancl

披水板

weather board

贴脸板

trim

筒子板

Lining

窗台板

sill plate

防护铁栅

barricade; iron grille; grating

合页

butts; hinges; butt hinges

执手

knob

撑档

catch

滑道

sliding track

插销

bolt

拉手

pull

推板

push plate

门锁

mortice lock; door lock

执手锁

mortice lock with knob

4.5 建筑结构

Building structure

4.5.1 荷载

Load

活荷载

Live load

静荷载，恒载

Dead load

静力荷载

Static load

移动荷载

Moving load

动力荷载

Dynamic load

冲击荷载

impact load

附加荷载

Superimposed load

规定荷载（又称标准荷载）

Specified Load

集中荷载

Concentrated Load

分布荷载

Distributed Load

设计荷载

Design Load

轴向荷载

Axial Load

偏心荷载

Eccentric Load

风荷载

Wind Load

风力、风压

Wind force、Wind Pressure

雪荷载

Snow Load

屋面积灰荷载

Roof ash Load

（吊车）最大轮压

Maximum Wheel Load

吊车荷载

Crane Load

安装荷载

Erection Load

施工荷载

Construction Load

不对称荷载

Unsymmetrical Loading

重复荷载

Repeated Load

刚性荷载

Rigid Load

柔性荷载

Flexible Load

临界荷载

Critical Load

容许荷载

Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load

极限荷载

Ultimate Load

条形荷载

Strip Load

破坏荷载

Failure Load, Load at failure

地震荷载

Seismic Load; Earthquake load

荷载组合

Combination of load

4.5.2 地基和基础

Soil and foundation

地基

(Bed)soil

天然地基

Natural ground

人工地基

Artificial ground

混凝土基础

Concrete foundation; Concrete

footing

毛石基础

Rubble masonry footing;

(Rubble) stone footing

砖基础

Brickwork footing

桩基础

Pile foundation

设备基础

Equipment foundation

机器基础

Machine foundation

独立基础

Individual footing, Isolated

foundation

Pad foundation

联合基础

Combined footing

大块式基础

Massive foundation

条形基础

Strip foundation; Strip footing

Strap footing; Continuous footing

方形基础

Square footing

杯形基础

Footing socket

板式基础

Slab-foundation; Mat footing

阶梯形基础

Stepped foundation; Benched

foundation

(Stepped footing)

扩展基础

spread footing

扩底基础

Under-reamed foundation

浮伐基地

Raft foundation; Buoyant

foundation

Floating foundation

沉箱（井）基础

Caisson foundation

构架式基础

Frame foundation

深基础

Deep foundation

基础

Footing Foundation

基槽

Foundation ditch; Foundation

trench

基坑

Foundation pit

基础板

Foundation slab

基础梁

Foundation beam Footing beam

基础底面

Foundation base

基础底板

Foundation mat

基础垫层

Foundation-bed

基础埋置深度

Depth of embedment foundation

地下连续墙

Undelground continuous wall

打桩

Pile driving

打桩机

Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine

钢桩

Steel pile

水桩

Wood pile; Timber pile

钢筋混凝土桩

Reinforced concrete pile

砂桩

Sand pile

石灰桩

Lime pile; Lime column;

Quicklime pile

单桩

Single pile

桩

Pile group; Pile cluster

斜桩

Batter pile

预制桩

precast pile

灌注桩

In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pile

Cast-in-situ pile; Filling pile

板桩

sheet pile

拆密桩

Compaction pile

挤密砂桩

Sand compaction pile

灰土挤密桩

Line-soil compaction pile

钻孔桩

Bored pile

打入桩

Driuen pile

摩擦桩

Friction pile; Buoyant pile

端承桩

End bearing pile; Point bearing

pile;

Column pile (柱桩）

支承桩

Bearing pile

抗拔桩

Tension pile; Uplift pile;

抗滑桩

Anti-slicle pile

桩承台

Pile cap

桩帽

Pile cap; pile couel

桩头

Pile crown; pile head

桩端

Pile tip

桩身

Pile shaft

桩距

Pile spacing

桩钢筋笼

Pile cage

试桩

Test pile

桩荷载试验

Pile load test

桩的动荷载试验

Dynamic load test of pile

桩的侧向荷载试验

Lateral pile load test

桩的极限荷载

Ultimate pile load

桩承载能力

Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of

a pile

Carrying capacity of a pile

土压力

Earth pressure

主动土压力

Active earth pressure

被动土压力

Passive earth pressure

静止土压力

Earth pressure at rest

容许地耐力

Allowable bearing strength

冰冻深度

Frozen depth; Frost depth;

Frost penetration depth of frost penetration

防冻深度

Frost-proof depth

粘土类土

Clayey soil

轻亚粘土

Sandy loam

亚粘土

Sandy clay; Loam

砂质土

Sandy soil

砂砾石

Sandy gravel stratum

膨胀土

Expansive soil

硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层

Hard pan

液限

Liquid limit

塑限

Plastic limit

塑料指数

Index of plasticity

松软土

Mellow soil; spongy soil

回填土

Backfill Refilling

杂填土

Miscellaneous fill

地表水

Surface water;

地下水

Groundwater

地下水位

Groundwater eltualion;

Groundwater level; Groundwater

table

容重

Unit weight

干容重

Dry unit weight

湿容重

Wet unit weight

饱和容重

Saturated unit weight

不均匀沉降

Unequal settlement;

Differential settlement

地基处理

Ground treatment

地基加固

Ground stabilization; soil

improvement

土质查勘

Soil exploration

地质勘察

Geological exploration

沉陷

Settlement

倾斜

obliquity; Inclination

滑移

Sliding

夯实土

Compacted soil

夯实填土

Compacted fill

夯实回填土

Tamped backfill

夯实分层厚度

Compacted lift

持力层

Bearing stratum; Supporting;

Course

管道与基础相碰

Pipeline interferes with

foundation

4.5.3 一般结构用语

Terms for general structures

建筑结构

Building structure

建筑物

Building

结构形式

Structural type

混凝土（砼）结构

Concrete structure

砌体结构

Masonry structure

砖砌结构

Brick structure

石砌结构

Stone structure

砖砼结构

Brick and concrete structure

钢结构

Steel structure

结构型钢

Shape steel

木结构

Timber structure

组合结构

Composite structure

框架结构

Frame structure

梁板结构

Beam and slab structure 构件

Member

承重构件

Load-bearing member 结构构件

Structure member

肋形屋盖

Ribbed roof

肋形楼板

Ribbed floor slab

无梁楼板

Flat plate; Flat slab

桁架；屋架

Truss; Roof truss 三角形屋（桁）架

Triangular truss

梯形屋（桁）架

Trapezoidal truss

拱形屋架

Arch roof truss

折线形屋架

Segmental roof truss

弓形桁架

Bowstring truss

框架

Frame

排架

Bent frame

刚架

Rigid frame

门架

Portal frame

抗风构架

Wind frame

抗震构架

Aseismic frame

梁

Beam; Girder

大梁

Girder

主梁

Principal beam; Primary beam

次梁

Secondary beam

加腋梁

Haunched beam

筒支梁

Simply beam

固端梁

Fixed beam

悬臂梁

Cantilever beam

连续梁

Continuous beam

托梁

Spandrel

圈梁

girth

过梁

Lintel

曲梁

Curved beam bow beam

基础梁

Foundation beam

吊车梁

Crane girder

T形梁

T-beam

柱

Column

组合柱

Combination column

立柱

Post

吊车柱

Crane column

抗风柱

End panel column

墙

wall

板

slab plate

承重墙

Bearing walls

柱网

Column grid

支撑系统

Brace system

柱间支撑

Portal bracing between columns 屋石支撑

Roof bracing

垂直支撑

Vertical bracing

水平支撑

Horizontal bracing

剪刀撑

Cross bracing

临时顶撑,支撑

Shoring

桁架式支撑

Trussed bracing

斜撑

Kneel-brace

上弦

Top chord

下弦

Bottom chord

节间

Panel

节点

Panel point

压杆Compression member; strut

拉杆

Tension member; Tie-beam

腹杆

Web member

斜杆

Diagonal member

斜腹杆

Diagonal web member

吊杆

Hanged rod; sag rod

系杆，拉杆

Tie bar; sag rod

天窗架

Skylight frame

天窗

Monitor; Skylight

托座、牛腿

Bracket

檀条

Purlin

连接

Connection

接点

Joint

铰接点

Hinged point

固接点

Fixed Joint

安装接点

Erection joint

拼接接点

Splice joint

节点板、连接板

Gusset plate; connecting plate

加劲板

Stiffener plate

支撑板

Bearing plate

填隙板

Filler plate

梁柱接头

Beam-column connections

截面

Cross section

拱

Arch

壳

Shell

伸缩缝

Expansion joint

沉降缝

Settlement joint

施工缝

Construction joint

防震缝

Aseismic joint

4.5.4 结构理论用语

Terms for theory of slructures

a) 设计方法术语

Terms for design method

结构设计

Structure design

按极限强度设计

Ultimate strength design

按许可应力设计

Working stress design

按承载能力设计

Loading capacity design

按稳定性设计

Design according to stability

按变形设计

Design according to deformation

结构分析

Structural analysis

结构计算

Structural calculation

静定结构

Statically determinate structures 超静定结构

Statically indeterminste structures 精确计算

Rigorous calculation

近似计算

Approximate calculation

安全等级

Safety classes

极限状态

Limit states

摩擦系数

Coefficient of friction

质量密度

Mass density

重力密度

Weight (Force) density

b) 结构的作用效应术语

轴向力

Normal force

剪力Shear force

弯矩

Bending moment

扭矩

Torque

水平推力

Horizontal thrust

水平拉力

Horizontal pull

水平（垂直）分力

Horizontal (vertical) component

合力

Resultant

正应力

Normal stress

剪应力

Shear stress

主应力

Principal stress

次应力

Secondary stress

预应力

Prestress

位移

Displacement

挠度

Deflection

变形

Deformation

弯曲

Bending; Flexure

扭转

Torsion

c) 材料性能、结构抗力术语

Terms of property of material and

resistamle of structure

抗力

Resistancc

抵抗力矩

Resistante moment

强度

Strength

刚度

Stiffness; Rigidity

抗裂度

Crack resistance

抗压强度

Compressiue strength

抗拉强度

Tensile strength

抗剪强度

Shear strength

抗变强度

Flcxural strength

抗扭强度

Torsional strength

抗裂强度

Cracking strength

屈服强度

Yield strength

疲劳强度

Fatigue strength

弹性模量

Modulus of elasticity

剪切模量

Shear modulus

变形模量

Modulus of deformation

稳定性

Stabilith

泊松比

Poisson ratio

d) 几何参数术语

Terma of geometry parameter 截面高度

Height of section

截面有效高度

Effective depth of section

载面宽度

Breadth of section

截面厚度

Thickness of section

截面面积

Area of section

截面面积矩

First moment of area

截面惯性矩

Second moment of area

截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Section modulus

回转半径

Radius of gyration

偏心距

eccentricity

长度

Length

跨度

Span 矢高

Rvse

长细比

Slenderness ratio

4.5.5 砖石结构

Masonry construction

砖砌体

Brickwork

砌筑

Laying

砖标号

Grade of brick; Strength of brick

毛石砌体

Rubble masonry

毛石砼砌体

Grouted rubble masonry

水泥砂浆

Cement mortar

石灰砂浆

Lime mortar

水泥石灰砂浆

cement-lime mortar

砂浆平

Mortar leveling

4.5.6 钢筋砼结构

Reinforced concrete structure

素混凝土

Plain concrete

钢筋混凝土

Reinforced concrete

预应力砼

Prestressed concrete

砼标号

Grade of concrete

钢号

Grade of steel

整体式结构

Monolithic structure

装配式结构

Assembled structure

预制构件

Precast element; Fabricated

element

现浇

Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site

浇灌砼

Concreting; Costion; Pouring;

Placing

一次浇灌

At one pouring

分二次浇灌

二次灌浆

Final grouting

钢筋保护层

Reinforcement protective course

模板

Formwork; shuttering

拆模

Form stripping

预埋件

Embedded inserts

预留槽（洞）

Groove (Hole) to be provided

垫层

Bedding course

平层

Leveling course; Trowelling

course

4.5.7 配筋

Reinforcement

配筋率

Percentage of reinforcement

主筋

Main reinforlement

分布筋

Distributing reinforcement 腹筋

Web reinforcement

开口箍筋

U-stirrups

闭口箍筋

Closed stirrups

环筋

Hoops

弯起钢筋

Bent-up bar

附加钢筋

Additional reinforcement 搭接接头

Lapped splice

焊接接头

Welded splice

钢筋间距

Spacing of reinforcement 吊筋

Suspender

双向配筋

Two-way reinforced

螺旋筋Spiral bar

温度筋

Temperature reinforcement

锚固长度

Anchor length

埋入长度

Built-in length

螺孔直径

Diameter of bolt hole

螺孔中心线

Center line of bolt hole

锚栓、地脚螺栓

Anchor bolt

基础螺栓

Foundation bolt

安装螺栓

Erection bolt

普通螺栓

Common bolt

高强螺栓

High strength bolt

4.5.8 焊接

Welding

电弧焊

Electric arc welding

气焊，氧—乙炔焊

Gas welding; oxy-acetylene

welding

焊条

Welding electrode; Welding-rod

手工焊

Manual welding

自动焊

Automatic welding

车间焊接

Shop-welding

现场焊接（工地焊接）

Field-welded

满焊

Full weld

搭接焊

Lap weld

贴角焊

Fillet weld

点焊

Spot weld

对接焊

Butt weld

仰焊

Overhead weld

双面贴角焊

Flat fillet weld in front and back

连续贴角焊

Continuous fillet weld

间断贴角焊

Intermittent fillet weld

安装焊缝

Erection weld

单V形对接焊

Single V butt weld

双V形对接焊

Double V butt weld

4.5.9 特种结构

Special structures

水塔

Water tower

高烟筒

Tall chimney

冷却水塔

Cooling tower

油罐

Oil tank

蓄水池

Water reservoir

管廊

Pipe rack

管架

Pipe support

球罐Spherical tank

裂解炉cracking furnace

起重机、吊车Crane; Hoist