高考英语第二轮复习易错点专题--新题型任务型阅读理解

2012高考英语第二轮复习易错点系列10

新题型 任务型阅读

一、失分归纳：

任务型阅读是近几年安徽、江苏等省在高考中采用的一种读写相结合的新题型。它要求学生在阅读短文以后完成相关的任务。在2010、2011江苏高考中，该题型得分均不超过5分（总分10分），可见学生在获取信息及处理信息的水平方面仍存有较大缺陷。一下是学生常见的几种错误。

常见错误分析与对策

㈠首字母大小写错误

在做任务型阅读时，很多学生往往因为所填单词首字母的大小写失分。尤其当第一空设在标题中时，他们不注意或根本不知道标题中首字母大小写的规则，该大写时小写，该小写时大写。

如：在The__behind the Symbol of Dancing Beijing中他们填入story（应为Story），

而在How to communi-cate____中他们填入Effectively（应为effectively）。

【分析】标题的大小写有两种规则。

第一种为：首单词的首字母大写，其余单词除冠词和介词外首字母大写(如第一个标题)；第二种为：只有首单词的首字母大写，其余均为小写（如第二个标题）。

【易错点睛】这种类型的错误反应出学生做事粗心的坏习惯。只要在下笔之前注意一下与该词处于同等地位的词使用的是什么形式，就能够避免此类错误，经过多次操练后就能够克服。

㈡单词拼写错误

包括长词的拼写错误，如：把convenient拼写成convinent;形式相近词的误用，如：把quality写成quantity;动词形式转化中的错误。

㈢语法错误

1.主谓不一致

不根据主语形式的要求来填写谓语动词的单复数形式。

如：在Educating girls____to social benefits,economicadvantages and health practices,including

familyplanning.中填入contribute（应为contributes）。

【分析】当主语是从句或动名词时，谓语动词必须用单数。

2.词性错误

不能熟练准确地根据句式变化对词性实行转换，该用形容词时用了名词，该用名词时却用了形容词或动词等等。

3.从句与非谓语动词转化间的错误

如原文：If someone else is hosting the party，you could offer to bring food to the party，so that youcan prepare

something that fits into your diet pro-gram.

题目：Attend someone else’s party along withsome food____into your diet program.一些同学在此填入fits（应为fitting）。

【分析】原文中的fits为定语从句中的谓语动词，而题目中需要一个v-ing形式做定语。

【易错点睛】

1.对学生的语法基础知识实行摸底排查，对掌握得较差的语法项目实行专项训练，直到弄懂弄通为止；

2.督促学生做好错题集，并经常复习。

二、跟踪练习：

任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相对应题号的横线上。

Exercise 1

Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colours in the world? Do you know why people living

in particular areas usually have a certain colour? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.

Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin colour. The more melanin a person

has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can

be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight, his or her skin will

protect itself by producing more melanin, making the skin darker. In a place with less sunlight, a person’s body

will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.

Skin colour is also affected by another source—vitamin D. Humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People

can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, which causes vitamin production in the skin.

Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D

production. Therefore, a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they

received the same amount of sunlight.

The connection between vitamin D production and skin colour is clear when we look at evolution. The

earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin covered with hair. When they moved to places that had less sunlight,

their bodies produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they

could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people

who live in areas with strong sunlight, like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter

skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a

lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.

Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colours. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin

colour. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our

melanin production, and eventually, skin colour.

A World of Skin Colour

People living in a particular (72) ▲ usually have the same skin

Brief (71) ▲

colour and there are many different skin colours in the world.

Reasons

colour

for skin The reasons for different skin colours mainly (73) ▲ in biology and

history.

 The amount of melanin, by which a person’s skin colour is

(74) ▲ , varies from people to people. The more melanin a person

has, the (75) ▲ his or her skin will be.

Biological reasons

 Vitamin D is another source (76) ▲ skin colour. Vitamin D is

necessary for humans to build bones. Sunlight contributes to vitamin D

production in the skin.

 The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it because

the sunlight is very strong..

 When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to

Historical reasons

(77) ▲ vitamin D, their skin colour became lighter.

 Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker

skin(78) ▲ people in other areas have lighter skin.

(79) ▲ Melanin (80) ▲ an important role in our skin colour. With our

living environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to

the changes in our skin colour.

文章大意：文章主要介绍了关于人类不同的肤是因为生理和历史两方面的原因。

Exercise 2

Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for

its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something

to worry about.

Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study,

cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice

for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host

families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host

parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family

accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of

living at a low cost.

The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On one hand, some host families

are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single and

young, have less times available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is

communication practice. One the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more

demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high

socio-economic groups in their own countries.

To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They

are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to

plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.

It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.

Title： family _________

Theme

77. _________

Host families are improving the accommodation quality

1）Language study

2）Cultural communication

78. _________ becoming faster

(1) 79. _________with hosts

(2) Knowing the local way of life, people and culture

3）80. __________ of living

81. _________

83. _________

1）Loss of selling point

Being least expensive sometimes

Hosts’ having less time for students

2）82. _________ in expectations Students’ becoming more demanding

Service quality improvement (1) 84. __________ living conditions

(2) Organizing structured family activities

85. _________ Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with students.

文章大意：本文主要讲寄宿家庭的住宿。

76．accommodation这是对全文的概括，文章第一段第一句话就给了提示信息。其中，关键词是accommodation.

77．Advantages.根据第二段内容，尤其是第一句：for its advantages in language study, cultural communication

and cost of living. 再根据该题（表格）右边所对应的三点。其中，关键词是advantages.

78. Possibly 根据表格该题目的左边第一点提示及第二段第二句后language acquisition is likely to become

faster.其中，关键词是likely.

79．Communicating根据第二段第三句able to spend a lot of time communicating with their

Exercise 3

The State of Hawaii is a state of the United States, located on a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean

southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The state was admitted

to the Union on August 21st, 1959, making it the 50th state. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oahu. The most

recent census puts the state’s population at 1,211,537.

This state includes nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which is made up of hundreds of islands

spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the group of islands, the eight “main islands” are Niihau, Kauai,

Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. The last by far the largest, and is often called the “Big

Island” or “Big Isle” to avoid confusion with the state as a whole.

Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands at 13,796 ft (4,205m) but is taller than Mount Everest if

followed to the base of the mountain—on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.

All of the Hawaiian islands were formed by volcanoes erupting from a magma (岩浆) source described in

geological theory as a hotspot. The theory maintains that as the plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in

a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains quiet, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only

volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Loihi Seamount deep below the waters off its southern

coast, are presently active, with Loihi being the newest volcano to form.

The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island occurred at Haleakala on Maui in the late 18th century,

though recent research suggests that Haleakala’s most recent eruption could be hundreds of years earlier.

Because of the islands’ volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the

“3W’s”： wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and

whatever they brought with them). The complete separation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific

Ocean from any continent, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the

tropic (回归线), have resulted in a vast variety of plants and animals. Hawaii has more endangered species per

square mile and has lost a higher percentage of its local species than anywhere else on Earth.

Outlines

71. 

72.  to the Union

Population

Formation of the Hawaiian

Islands

The Hawaiian Island chain

 74.  of hundreds of islands

 eight “main lands” with the largest called the “big Island” or “Big

Isle” to avoid being 75.  with the name of the state

The tallest mountain

Ways of the 77.  of

native life

78.  of varieties of

plants and animals

 being completely 79.  in the middle of the Pacific Ocean from

other continents

 80.  on high islands in and near the tropic

文章大意：本文主要阐述了美国夏威夷州的地理位置、构成以及火山喷发对它的岛屿形成等的影响。

71. Location。根据该题对应表格中的内容可知，这里说的是夏威夷的位置。

72. Admission。根据文章第一段“The state was admitted to the Union”可知。

73. volcanoes。根据文章内容可知，夏威夷岛屿的形成是火山喷发的缘故。

74. composed/consisting 。根据文章第二段“which is made up of hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles”可知。composed/consisting of是make up的同义词。

75. confused。根据文章第二段最后一句“to avoid confusion with the state as a whole”可知。

76. altitude。由第三段“Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands at 13,796 ft (4,205m)”可知，

77. arrival。根据文章最后一段“to have arrived by the “3W’s”：”可知。

78. Causes。即夏威夷不同动植物形成的原因。Causes与后面的of搭配。

79. separated。根据文章最后一段“The complete separation of the Hawaiian Islands”可知。

Mauna Kea with an 76.  of 13,796ft

“3 W’s”： wind, waves and wings

Details

on a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean

on August 21st, 1959

1,211,539

eruptions of 73. 

80. environments。根据文章最后一段“the wide range of environments to be found on high islands”可知。

Exercise 4

The earth's ocean can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres. That is deep enough to cover Mount Qomolangma!

Marine (海洋的) scientists divide the oceans into five zones. Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much

sunlight reaches it.

Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone, which begins at the surface and goes down to

about 200 metres. Because there is sunlight at this level, plants are able to grow. Marine animals such as dolphins,

sharks, sea turtles and sea lions, and of course a variety of fish, live in the sunlight part of the ocean. It is difficult

to hide from other animals in the area, but many species have adapted by becoming dark on the top and light on the

bottom. This makes it hard to see them against the dark water below and the blue sky above.

The second starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres. Some sunlight can reach this level, but

it is not enough for plants to grow. Because this zone is relatively dark, many of the creatures that live here are able

to make light with their body. The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.

The third zone is dark. This place, about 3,000 metres deep, may not seem a likely habitat (栖息地), but

there are more creatures here than one might think. Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of

the lack of light. At this depth, a slow shower of what looks like snow is falling. This phenomenon, called "marine

snow", is actually nutrients falling towards the bottom of the ocean. It is source of food for the creatures that live

in the deep.

Below 4,000 metres, the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all. In fact, the zone is so dark

and empty that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for "no bottom". There is not much life to be found

in this cold and unpleasant part. But some creatures manage to survive here despite the high water pressure.

The very deepest part of the ocean is 2,000 metres further down. At this depth, the water pressure is

extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here. Compared to the other zones, this one

has very little life. Since there is no light here, some animals don't have eyes. When scientists explored the very

deepest parts of the ocean, they did not expect to find any life at all. It turned out that there are creatures as far

down as 10,000 metres. They usually survive by living close to deep sea vents, "chimneys" that sent out gases

from within the earth.

(76) _______ Conditions Life (80) _______ How do the animal adapt?

Suface to 200

Sunlight, plants

metres

200-1,000 metres Not enough

sunlight, relatively

Marines, animals and

a variety of fish

Many species become dark on the

top and light on the (83) _______

Many creatures are able to make

light with their body. They make the

Many creatures

dark water look like a sky with moving

(84)

1,000-4,000 metres ( 78 ) _______ Mote creatures than

of Light;

“marine Snow”

Below 4,000 metres Dark and empty; Not much life; some Some small creatures still manage to

survive here despite high water

pressure.

high Little life; some Some creatures survive by living

(85) ____ deep sea vents,

(81) _______

Most of the animals are black or red.

(79) _______ small creatures

water pressure

Below (77)

_______ metres

Extremely

water pressure ;

No light; very cold

animals with (82)

_______ eyes

“chimneys” that send gas from

within the earth.

76．Depth 根据第一段首句中“The earth's ocean can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres.”的描述以及本栏的内容可知此处填Depth。首字母大写。

77．6，000 根据文章最后一段首句“he very deepest part of the ocean is 2,000 metres further down.”可知此

处为上段中提到的4000的基础上再加上2000，故此处用6000.