新SAT官方指南阅读第十三篇全解析

网站：________________________________________________________________新SAT官方指南阅读第十三篇全解析ThispassageisadaptedfromThorHanson,Feathers.©und-uptheoryassumestheywerefleet-footedgre-downtdsitesaroundtheworld,KenDialsawapatterninhowyoungpheasants,quail,tinamous,andothergroundbirdsranalongbehindtheirparents.“Theyjumpeduplikepopcorn,”hesaid,describingagroupofgraduatestudentschallengedhimtocomeupwithnewdataontheage-old5ground-up-tree-downdebate,hedesigtledontheChukarPartridgeasamodelspecies,buthemightnothavemadehisdiscoverywithoutakeypieceecowboystoppedbytoseehowthingsweregoing,Kenshowedhimhis10nice,tidylaboratorysetupandexplainedhowthebirds’cherwasincredulous.“Hetookonelookandsaid,inprettycolorfullanguage,‘Whatarethosebirdsdoingontheground?Theyhatetobeontheground!Givethemsomethingtoclimbon!’”Atfirstitseemedunnatural—groundbirdsdon’tliketheground?Butashethoughtaboutit1

网站：________________________________________________________________Kenrealizedthatallthespecieshe’dwatchedinthewildpreferredtorestonledges,lowbranches,oughtinsomehaybalesfortheChukarstoperchonandthenlefthissoninateenageratthetime,youngTerryDialwasvisiblyupsetwhenhisfathergotback.“Iaskedhimhowitwent,”Kenrecalled,“andhesaid,‘Terrible!Thebirdsarecheating!’”Instead20offlyinguptotheirperches,dagainTerryhadwatchedthemrunrightupthesideofahaybale,hedouttoseeforhimself,andthatwasthe“aha”moment.“Thebirdswereusingtheirwingsandlegscooperatively,”hetoldme,gtogetherwithTerry(whohassincegoneontostudyanimallocomotion),Kencame25upwithaseriesofingeniousexperiments,finclineincreased,thepartridgesbegantoflap,medtheirflappingdownandbackward,usingtheforcenotforliftbuttokeeptheirfeetfirmlypressedagainsttheramp.“It’slikethespoileronthebackofaracecar,”heexplained,ulaOneracing,spoilersare30thebigaerodynamicfinsthatpushthecarsdownwardastheyspeedalong,dsweredoingtheverysametledthetechniqueWAIR,forwing-assistedinclinerunning,nlyallowedyoungbirdstoclimbverticalsurfaceswithinthe35firstfewwehukar2

网站：________________________________________________________________experiments,adultsregularlyusedWAIRtoascendrampssteeperthan90degrees,olutionarycontext,efellswooptheDialscameupwithaviableoriginfortheflappingflightstrokeofbirds(something40glidinganimalsdon’tdoandthusashortcomingofthetree-downtheory)andanaerodynamicfunctionforhalf-formedwings(oneofthemaindrawbackstotheground-uphypothesis).3

网站：________________________________________________________________21、Whichchoicebestreflectstheoverallsequenceofeventsinthepassage?A)Anexperimentisproposedbutprovesunworkable;alessambitiousexperimentisattempted,andityieldsdatathatgiverisetoanewsetofquestions.B)Anewdiscoveryleadstoreconsiderationofatheory;aclassicstudyisadapted,andtheresultsaresummarized.C)Ananomalyisobservedandsimulatedexperimentally;theresultsarecomparedwithpreviousfindings,andanovelhypothesisisproposed.D)Anunexpectedfindingarisesduringtheearlyphaseofastudy;thestudyismodifiedinresponsetothisfinding,andtheresultsareinterpretedandevaluated正确答案：D分析：文章当中，作者提到：这个实验旨在通过观察幼鸟ChukarsKenDial设计了一个实验，学习飞行的过程观研究飞行进化过程；在实验过程中，KenDial发现Chukars配合使用翅膀和爪子的独特方式,于是他又补充设计了一些实验来研究这个观察的结果。经过补充实验，KenDial发现了一些意料之外的结果。22、Asusedinline4,“challenged”mostnearlymeansA)dared.B)required.C)disputedwith.D)competedwith.正确答案：A分析：文章当中提到，一研究生向KenDial提出挑战，要开发一批关于Groundup和Treedown理论的新数据。Challenge和dare都表示挑战。23、WhichstatementbestcapturesKenDial’scentralassumptioninsettinguphisresearch?A)Theacquisitionofflightinyoungbirdsshedslightontheacquisitionofflightintheirevolutionaryancestors.B)Thetendencyofcertainyoungbirdstojumperraticallyisasomewhatrecentevolvedbehavior.C)Youngbirdsinacontrolledresearchsettingarelesslikelythanbirdsinthewildtorequirepercheswhenatrest.4

网站：________________________________________________________________D)Ground-dwellingandtree-climbingpredecessorstobirdsevolvedinparallel.正确答案：A分析：KenDial原本设计的实验是搜集古老鸟类关于飞行进化的数据（newdataontheage-oldground-up-tree-downdebate）,结果他从幼鸟学习飞行的过程中去寻线索（lookforcluesinhowbabygamebirdslearnedtofly.）这样的策略表明：KenDial假设幼鸟飞行行为可以解释古老鸟类的飞行进化史。Shedlighton的意识是：阐明，使……清晰地显出。24、Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?A)Lines1-2(“parents”)B)Lines3-6(“fly”)C)Lines9-10(“asured”)D)Line13(“heground”)正确答案：B分析：见第23题解释。25、Inthesecondparagraph(lines7-17),theincidentinvolvingthelocalranchermainlyservestoA)revealKenDial’smotivationforundertakinghisproject.B)underscorecertaindifferencesbetweenlaboratoryandfieldresearch.C)showhowanunanticipatedpieceofinformationinfluencedKenDial’sresearch.D)introduceakeycontributortothetree-downtheory.正确答案：C分析：当一名农民观察KenDial的实验时，对于Chukars生活在地面这一点有怀疑，于是建议Dial要提供一些道具给幼鸟爬行。这一条重要建议使得Dial在他的试验中增添了一些干草。26、AfterKenDialhadhis“‘aha’moment”(line22),heA)triedtotrainthebirdstoflytotheirperches.B)studiedvideostodeterminewhythebirdsnolongerhopped.C)observedhowthebirdsdealtwithgraduallysteeperinclines.D)consultedwithotherresearcherswhohadstudiedChukarPartridges.正确答案：C分析：在KenDial的“喜悦时刻”之后，他录制了这些鸟类爬上更加陡峭斜坡的画面（He5

网站：________________________________________________________________filmedthebirdsastheyraceduptexturedrampstiltedatincreasingangles）.27、ThepassageidentifieswhichofthefollowingasafactorthatfacilitatedthebabyChukars’tractiononsteepramps?A)ThespeedwithwhichtheyclimbedB)ThepositionoftheirflappingwingsC)ThealternationofwingandfootmovementD)Theircontinualhoppingmotions正确答案：B分析：KenDial观察到：当Chukars在陡峭斜坡上时，他们开始拍打翅膀并且利用翅膀支撑使自己固定在斜坡之上（aimedtheirflappingdownandbackward,usingtheforce…tokeeptheirfeetfirmlypressedagainsttheramp）.说明翅膀是Chukars是在斜坡上的牵引力量。28、Asusedinline33,“document”mostnearlymeansA)portray.B)record.C)publish.D)process.正确答案：B分析：在33-34行，（WAIR是Dial的科学发现）。KenDial记录了很多物种都有WAIR的存在29、Whatcanreasonablybeinferredaboutglidinganimalsfromthepassage?A)Theiryoungtendtohopalongbesidetheirparentsinsteadofflyingbesidethem.B)Theirmethodoflocomotionissimilartothatofgroundbirds.C)Theyusethegroundforfeedingmoreoftenthanforperching.D)Theydonotuseaflappingstroketoaidinclimbingslopes.正确答案：D分析:在39-40行，作者提到，滑行动物不使用拍动翅膀的方式获得向上的动力。30、Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?A)Lines2-3(“air”)B)Lines15-16(“aveling”)C)Lines31-32(“slopes”)6

网站：________________________________________________________________D)Lines39-40(“heory”)正确答案：D分析：见第29题解释。7