2023届上海市高考英语模拟试卷3

上海英语模拟试卷3

纸笔考试

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage

coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each

blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that

best fits each blank.

Be Alone Together

Among the most upsetting aspects of the lockdowns that occurred in 2020 due to

the pandemic, especially for those who live in dense cities, was the closure of many

public parks and green spaces. As the orders went out, people were warned that

(21)________ they should try to “walk around, get some sun：there could be“no

density, no basketball games, no close contact, that's the rule.” The message was clear:

Stay away from (22) ________.

In Washington, D.C., where I live, road access was blocked to the Tidal Basin in

late March, as the city's famous cherry blossoms reached the peak of their annual

bloom. The National Arboretum was closed, and all the facilities that the city parks

department oversaw (23) ________(remain) closed.

Officially, nature was more or less off-limits Just as spring arrived. Yet as the

weather warmed, and the light stayed later and later into the evening, people emerged

from their homes. The streets, mostly emptied of vehicle traffic, created space for

runners, allowing them (24) ________(leave) the sidewalks for families and dog

walkers. In my neighborhood, a small private park, (25) ________(locate) behind a

block of houses, became a place to stretch out and read a book under the sun.

(26) ________the virus, I didn't go to the park very often. But then, I found myself

(27) ________(visit) more frequently, sometimes in the middle of the day. And so, I

noticed, were my neighbors.

People sat in the grass, walked their dogs, and played catch with their kids. The

park never became genuinely crowded, but it was always populated, and in it you

could see other people and, park on a sunny afternoon had become (29) ________we

all regarded as necessary. We were all alone in this strange time, this familiar yet

deeply foreign place (30) ________everyone was told to stay apart. But at least we

had found a way to be alone together.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word

can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. capable B. controllable C. faint D. ideal E. landscape F. outpacing

G. perceive H. physical L promise J. scrub K. supporting

You'll Never Be Truly Alone

In the decades to come, a large number of home robots could make today5 s

appliances seem interesting. The market for consumer and office robots is expected to

develop quickly in the next three years, according to a 2015 report by Business

Insider Intelligence, being greater than $1.5 billion and far _____31 _____ the growth

of robots in manufacturing.

We already have robots that clean the house, like the Roomba, but in the future

we'll also have robot arms that can _____32 _____ surfaces and bathe people,

says Christopher Atkeson, a roboticist at Carnegie Mellon, whose lab has produced

such machines. Eventually, robots will fold laundry and cook meals. And if they work

well, you won't even notice them. The key to effective robots is "being _____33

_____of predicting what people will do," says Julie Shah, the head of the Interactive

Robotics Group at MIT. "The idea is either _____34 _____ people or staying out of

their way."

That said, some people may want a robot that hangs around. In Japan, a friendly

humanoid robot called Pepper that can _____35 _____ and respond to human emotion

has proved enormously popular since it went on sale two years ago. Pepper might turn

out to be the _____36 _____ roommate—helpful, kind, and always up for hanging

out, but never in the way.

Perhaps the already _____37 _____ line between online and offline life will

disappear, and human relationships with intelligent machines will represent a new

extension of our social _____38 _____. Your in-house robot could serve as an

avatar (化身)for friends and family, _____39 _____ from afar so that, with the help

of robotic arms and legs, you could dance with or hug a loved one who is halfway

around the planet. The real _____40 _____ of—or problem with—the house of the

future, then, might be that you'll never have to leave it.

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases

marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the

context.

"All puppies are cute," explains Clive Wynne, the head of Arizona State

University's canine(犬科的)-science laboratory. "But not all puppies are_____ 21

_____ cute.” Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves

at the eight-week mark. And recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves

important purposes—and might play a fundamental role in _____22_____ dog and

owner together.

In a study published this spring, Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down,

scientifically, the _____23_____ of puppy cuteness. Their finding largely _____24

_____ that of breeders: People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six

to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, _____25_____ a crucial developmental

milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which

pups rely on humans for _____26 _____. (Puppies without human caretakers face

death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.）Peak cuteness, then, is no

accident—at exactly the moment when our care matters most, puppies become

_____27_____ to us.

It doesn't 28 that humans seem to have a preference for cute things. Research

dating back to the 1940s shows that virtually any creature with babylike features is

capable of drawing our _____29_____. But canine cuteness is uniquely

human-directed, and its strategic deployment （部署）is not limited to puppies. In a

2017 study of dogs aged one to 12, psychologists in the United Kingdom showed that

people's pets were significantly more likely to raise their brows and stick out their

tongue when humans were looking at them, which lends grown canines a puppyish

air.

Born blind and basically deaf puppies aren't _____30_____ in their first weeks

of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage unappealing. A

recent study focused on humans showed that, _____31 _____six-week-old puppies,

six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns.

Which brings us to the final purpose of peak cuteness: to make up for newborn

_____32_____ . As the psychologists Gary Sherman and Jonathan Haidt have

proposed, the delayed beginning of cuteness in human babies offers benefits far

beyond kicking our _____33_____ instinct into overdrive—it also leads to a flood of

social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These _____34_____

are developmentally crucial to puppies as well, but they can't be carried out very

effectively with the extremely _____35_____ . And so “one is not born cute,"

Sherman and Haidt conclude. “One becomes cute?"

21. A. randomly

22. A. binding

23. A. degree

24. A. varied

25. A. passes down

26. A. success

27. A. essential

28. A. hurt

29. A. affection

30. A. helpless

31. A. contrary to

B. internally

B. exhibiting

B. timeline

B. reminded

B. coincides with

B. information

B. irresistible

B. help

B. courage

B. mysterious

B. regardless of

C. sociably

C. locating

C. study

C. matched

C. sets up

C. survival

C. familiar

C. mean

C. conclusion

C. silent

C. similar to

D. equally

D. protecting

D. result

D. adjusted

D. reaches for

D. relaxation

D. unknown

D. matter

D. direction

D. interactive

D. independent

of

32. A. assistance

33. A. defending

34. A. instincts

35. A. weak

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,

B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the

passage you have just read.

（A）

Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be

colored or colorless. It is lightweight, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile,

and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical(光学的)properties are exceptional. In all its various forms—as tableware, containers, in

architecture and design—glass represents a major achievement in the history of

technological developments.

Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various

kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, an alkali such as soda, and

etc, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead

(铅)glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and

malleable (可延展的)and can be formed by various techniques into a variety of

shapes and sizes. The mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in

contrast to most materials formed in this way(metals, for instance), glass lacks the

crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead maintains the

random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it

progressively stiffens, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking

crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass breaks so easily.

B. ugliness

B. competing

B. delays

B. old

C. appeal

C. developing

C. purposes

C. young

D. size

D. caretaking

D. acts

D strong

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity (粘度)changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot liquid. Unlike metals that flow

or “freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature

rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick liquid.

Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be made into various forms, by different

techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object keeps the shape achieved at that point.

Glass can thus be processed with a greater number of heat-forming techniques than

most other materials.

does the author list the characteristics of glass in the first paragraph?

show that glass is multipurpose.

demonstrate how glass evolved.

explain glassmaking technology.

explain the use of each ingredient of glass.

ing to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become solid different

from most other solid substances?

has varying physical features.

has a random molecular structure.

has an interlocking crystal network.

has an unusually low melting temperature.

pronoun "it" in the fourth line of the last paragraph refers to _______.

e B. glass C. manner D. viscosity

ing to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms

than can metal?

has better optical properties.

resists breaking when heated.

stays hot while its viscosity changes.

gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.

（B）

Before the 15009s, the western plains of North America were dominated by

farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country,

primarily in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close

together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more

easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these

highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.

The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise

considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant

short growing seasons. Winter was often long; autumn could come together with

severe frost (霜冻).For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat,

hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the grower.

Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize, which endured

terrible weather. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring,

clearing the land, using fire to clear the fields and then planting. From this point until

the first green com could be harvested, the crop required labor and care.

Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller

amount of the crop before it had matured fully. This green com was boiled, dried, and

shelled, with some of the maize processed for immediate consumption and the rest

stored in animal-skin bags. Later in the fell, the people picked com. They saved the

best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the remainder eaten right away or stored

for later use in underground reserves. With appropriate banking of the extra food, the

Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying

hunger.

The women planted squash(南瓜)about the first of June, and harvested it near the

time of the green com harvest. After they picked it, they sliced it, dried it, and strung

the slices before they stored them. Once again, they saved the seed from the best of

the year's crop. The Mandans also grew sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the

particular task of the old men.

Mandans built their houses close together in order to ______.

farming implements B. guard their supplies of food

C. allow more room for growing com D. protect themselves against the weather

does the author believe that the Mandans were skilled farmers?

developed effective fertilizers.

developed new varieties of com.

could grow crops in most types of soil.

could grow crops despite unfriendly weather.

hout the passage, the author implies that the Mandans ______.

d for the future B. valued individuality

C. were open to strangers D. were very adventurous

（C）

Scientists, conservation organizations and governments trying to reverse the tide

of extinction often focus efforts on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife

preserves. But with as many as a million species at risk, this strategy may not be

enough to conserve wildlife, especially in a world increasingly disrupted by climate

change.

Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more

creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study

emphasizes the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining

indigenous-managed lands.

“We show really strongly that, from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species

richness, indigenous-managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas," says

biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places, they do far

better than parks and preserves— even though indigenous communities may use their

lands' resources by hunting for food.

Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15,000 areas in Australia, Brazil and

Canada. They found that the total diversity of birds, mammals, amphibians and

reptiles was highest on lands either managed or co-managed by indigenous groups,

while randomly selected locations with no formal protection were the least biodiverse.

For threatened species in particular, indigenous lands scored slightly higher than

protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada, as well as higher for

threatened amphibians and reptiles in Australia, mammals in Brazil, and birds and

reptiles in Canada.

Each country has a different geography, climate and colonization history. Yet

remarkably, Schuster says, the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given

area was managed by an indigenous community. He points out that practices such as

sustainable hunting and fishing, as well as prescribed （规定的）burning, are more

likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins, an ecologist at California State University,

Chico, who is a member of the Plains Miwok indigenous nation and was not involved

in the study, agrees. "There's probably going to be more of a connection to the land,"

he says, "and a use of the land for the things that are there, compared to a national

park."

“It's really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them

drive the efforts going forward”Schuster says, adding that partnering with indigenous

communities may enable the world5 s countries to better meet a wide range of

conservation goals: "We really need all the help we can get as a global community to

avoid the extinction crisis that we're facing right now."

word "indigenous" is closest in meaning to________ .

ve B. effective C. local D. traditional

conclusion did Schuster draw from his analysis?

threatened species were in an even worse situation.

ted lands failed to preserve overall species richness.

nous groups play a positive role in wildlife conservation.

total diversity of wildlife was higher in Brazil than in Australia.

can be inferred from the passage?

hunting or fishing won't have a negative effect on biodiversity.

should stop counting on national parks for wildlife conservation.

extinction crisis is much more serious than previously thought.

studies are needed to explore the human-nature balance.

of the following might be the best title of the passage?

ersity: What We Have Neglected

ring with National Parks

s Moving Forward

g Back Extinction

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each

sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you

need.

that's just a fundamental feature of how our minds, and how the world, works.

I could see that there was another, more true narrative, with pride as its theme.

some abstract sense, they probably do know that they might not have performed

as well in some other environment.

case illustrates how success is always justified.

is a powerful motivator.

F. Some of those factors occur again and again, making them easy to recall.

Why We Succeed

Our understanding of human cognition (认知) provides one important clue as to

why we may see success as inevitable: the availability heuristic. Using this cognitive

shortcut, we tend to estimate the likelihood of an event or outcome based on how

readily we can recall similar instances. Successful careers, of course, result from

many factors, including hard work, talent, and chance. __________47__________

But others happen randomly and therefore get ignored when we construct our life

stories.

Little wonder that when talented, hardworking people in developed countries

strike it rich, they tend to owe their success to talent and hard work above all else.

Most of them are vividly aware of how hard they've worked and how talented they are.

They've been working hard and solving difficult problems every day for many

years!__________48__________ Yet their day-to-day experience provides few

reminders of how fortunate they were not to have been born in, say, war-tom

Zimbabwe.

Our personal nanatives are biased (有偏见的)in a second way: Events that work

to our disadvantage are easier to recall than those that affect us positively. My friend

Tom Gilovich uses a metaphor(暗喻)involving headwinds and tailwinds to describe

this mentality. When you're running or bicycling into the wind, you're very aware of it.

You just can't wait till the course turns around and you've got the wind at your back.

When that happens, you feel great. But then you forget about it very quickly~you're

just not aware of the wind at your back. __________49 __________We're just going

to be more aware of those barriers than of the things that boost us along.

That we tend to overestimate our own responsibility for our successes is not to

say that we shouldn't take pride in them. __________50__________ Moreover, a

tendency to overlook luck's importance may be adaptive, as it encourages us to

persevere in the face of obstacles. And yet failing to consider the role of chance has a

dark side, too, making fortunate people less likely to pass on their good fortune.

III. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the

main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as

possible.

A World of Water

Water is essential to life and we depend on it, yet many people take water for

granted. As the population of the world increases, and with it the demand for water,

there is growing concern that our water supplies will not prove adequate. In areas near

the coast, an obvious solution to this problem is to find ways of using the abundant

supply of water from the sea.

Water covers 70% of the surface of the earth, but 98% of this is undrinkable salt

water However, for centuries man has experimented with different methods of

converting salt water into fresh water in a process called desalination, whereby salt

and contaminants （杂质）are removed from the water. The challenge, nowadays, is to

do this on a much larger scale.

One place which has used desalination for many years is the United Arab

Emirates (the UAE). It installed the first desalination plants in 1972, and nowadays

most of the drinking water in the country is supplied by the process. New filtration

systems have been developed to replace the traditional methods, which used a heating

process. Another example is Saudi Arabia, whose desalination plants produce almost

25% of the world5s desalinated water. One of the largest plants in the world has been

constructed there, producing 300 billion litres annually.

Unfortunately, desalination is an expensive process using large amounts of

energy, but research is currently being carried out into the development of more

efficient technology using a combination of more efficient technology using a

combination of different methods. To supply water to 25% of the world's population

living within 25 kilometres of the sea, more desalination plants are expected to be

built in the future. The hope is that the technology currently being developed will

lower the costs and help solve the problem of water shortages in many parts of the

world.

IV. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in

the brackets.

52.事实上，没有脱离生活的表演技巧。(divorce)

53.这个河谷土壤肥沃，养育了整个地区三分之一的人口。（one）

54.整台晚会力求运用童真有趣的方式，在快乐的气氛中融入主题表达。（integrate）

55.邀请知名运动员和学生面对面交流，能够让孩子们更深入地了解田径项目。（enable）

V. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the

instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为“The

impact of information technology on our life'的文章，你对此话题颇感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志，内容须包括:

1）你认为信息时代对我们日常生活带来了怎样的影响;

2）用具体事例说明这一影响。