(完整版)Unit3FriendshipandLoyalty

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

A Famous Quote

Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.

— —Ralph Waldo Emerson

背信弃义会使人迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。 ——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生

Text A

New words

reflection n.（关于某主题的）思考，回忆

loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿

recognize v. 承认；意识到

betray v. 辜负；对……不忠

indeed adv. 其实；实际上

virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行

trend n. 趋势；趋向；动态；动向

befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待

request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求

trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的

multitude n. 众多；大量

mutual n. 共有的；共同的

term n. 词语；术语；措辞

site n. 网站；站点

acronym n. 首字母缩略词

perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭

thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆

gossip n. 流言蜚语

challenge v. 考查……的能力；考验……的技巧

akin a. 相似的；类似的 (=similar)

deposit n. 存款

account n. 账户

interest n. 利息

well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐

welfare n. （个人或体的）幸福，安全与健康

essence n. 本质；实质；精髓

seek v. 寻

notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声

premise n. 前提；假定

exploit v. 利用（ ……为自己谋利）

reconnect v. 再联系；再联络

virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的

assure v. 使确信；向……保证

caution n. 警告；告诫(cautious)

lyric n. 歌词

undisputed adj. 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的

generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人

Phrases and Expressions

stick by 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）

through thick and thin 不畏艰难险阻

lead to 导致，造成（后果）(=result in, cause, end in)

a multitude of 众多的；大量的

perish the thought 甭想了；但愿不会如此

engage in （使）从事，参加

in essence 本质上

assure…of… 使放心；向……保证

pay attention to 注意

warn…of… 警告某人某事

重点词汇

loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿

eg: We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。

衍生

loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠贞的

用法：~to sb./sth.

eg: remain loyal to one's principles 信守自己的原则

befriend v. 做朋友；友善相待

eg: They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.

他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑给她住处。

构词 be- 改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词

friend n. 朋友 → befriend v.友好对待

calm n.镇静 → becalm v. 使镇静

head n. 头 → behead v. 砍头

little adj.小的 → belittle v. 轻视；贬低

notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声

eg: His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。

衍生

notorious adj.（derog.贬）臭名昭着的；声名狼藉的

用法：~for/as sth.

eg: a notorious criminal/area 天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。

相近词

fame n. 名声；名气

eg: The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。

famous adj. d 出名的；著名的

eg: New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。

well-known adj. 著名的

eg: Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。

exploit v. 利用（ ……为自己谋利）；

利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）

eg: They exploited her generosity shamelessly.

他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。

exploit oil reserves, water power, solar energy, etc.

开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等

衍生

exploitable adj. 可利用的；可开发的

eg: few exploitable coal-mines 少量可开采的煤矿

exploitation n. 利用；开发

eg: full exploitation of oil wells 充分利用油井资源

generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人

eg: experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验

其他词义 产生；发生

eg: the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电

衍生

generate v. 使（某物）存在或发生；产生

eg: generate heat, electricity, power, etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等

hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨

Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you,

through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship

with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that

friend.

关于友情和忠诚的思考

我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚? 忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。

The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However,

this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a

multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.

如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。

A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are

they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my

private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about

me with others?" If the answer to that is, "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best

friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.

广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做B．F．F。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋“友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗? 甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗? 但愿永远不会。” 如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。

I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of

acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.

在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个B．L．F．，忠诚的好朋友。

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your

deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another

loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.

朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。

If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the

premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make

yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.

如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个B．L．F．的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友的前提。你不该利用自己的B．L．F．来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and

celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.

忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual

friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the

smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song,

which contained these lyrics, " A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend." Now, that is

the undisputed truth for my generation.

在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。

链接：关于友谊的英语句子和诗歌

To preserve a friend，three things are required: to honor him present, praise him absent, and

assist him in his necessities.

维持友谊需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。

Friendship Is Like the Breeze

by Terri Fanning

Friendship is like the breeze，

You can't hold it，

Smell it，

Taste it，

Or know when it's coming，

But you can always feel it，

And you'll always know it's there，

It may come and then go，

But you can know it'll always be back.

友谊如微风

特里·范宁

友谊如和煦的微风，

你握不住它，

闻不到它，

尝不到它，

无法知道它何时光临，

不过你总能感觉到它，

而且总能意识到它的存在，

它可能会来了而又走开，

但你知道它总会回来。

Exercises

I Check Your Comprehension

1. According to the passage, what is the new trend on the Internet?

A）To make friends with anybody.

B）To get reconnected with old friends.

C）To search friends' private matters.

D）To see loyal Net-friends.

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题考查的是文章中提到的互联网上的一个新趋势，我们从文章第2段第

一句可以得到答案，即目前互联网上有一个趋势，你可以与任何一个请求加你为朋友的人做朋友。因此A为正确答案。答案为A。

2. In the passage, loyalty in a friend is compared to_______ .

A）interest gained from deposits

B）making deposits in one's account

C）a person's total welfare

D）a best friend's well-being

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题问的是文章中把朋友间的忠诚比喻成什么，本文第5段首句给出了答

案，即一个朋友的忠诚度与在银行账户里存款相类似。因此B选项正确。答案为B。

3. As a B.L.F, you cannot _________ .

A）avoid gossiping about friends

B）take advantage of friends

C）invite others to your party

D）seek loyalty in best friends

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是对B.L.F 的深入查考，解答本题需要归纳阅读文章第6、7段，第6

段第2句提到，You should never exploit your B.L.，即你永远不能利用你的最忠诚的朋友，由此我们可以得出B项说法错误，答案为B。

4. In the last paragraph, the author suggests that readers______.

A）be alert to smiling faces on the web pages

B）reconnect with former loyal friends

C）recall meaningful lyrics in old songs

D）pay attention to smiles on friends' faces

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A）The trend of making friends on the Internet.

B）The reflections on friends and loyalty.

C）The introduction of a friendmaking website.

D）The contrast between B.F.F and B.L.F.

【正确答案】

B

【答案解析】本题是主旨归纳题，考查学生对文章大意的掌握。一般来说，主旨暗藏

在文章标题、首段或者最后自然段中，具体到本文，文章主旨即是本文的标题。因此B

项正确。答案为B。

IV Translation.

Section A

1. Even in prison, he _____________ （继续从事犯罪活动）.（engage in）

【正确答案】

continued to engage in criminal activities

【答案解析】本题着重考查对固定搭配的掌握。“继续”译为continue to ；“从事”译为engage

in ；“犯罪活动”译为criminal activity。答案为continued to engage in criminal activities。

2. People should read the related regulations before they _________（在开采自然资源之前）.（exploit）

【正确答案】

before they exploit natural resources

【答案解析】句子陈述的是一般客观事实，因此空格处的时态应用一般现在时。exploit 是

及物动词，后面可以直接接名词词组natural resources（自然资源）。答案为before they exploit

natural resources.

3. You ________（必须申请获准）if you want to take any photographs.（request）

【正确答案】you must request for approval

【答案解析】本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的用法。从句是一般现在时态，主句则应该

是祈使句或一般将来时态。答案为you must request for approval。

4. She felt rather guilty for she ____________（辜负了父母对她的信任）.（betray）

【正确答案】

betrayed the trust of her parents

【答案解析】前半句用的是一般过去时态，因此根据前后一致的原则，空格处应用betray

的一般过去式betrayed。答案为betrayed the trust of her parents。

5. Such a mistake would perhaps _________ （导致严重的后果）.（lead to）

【正确答案】lead to severe consequences

【答案解析】空格处的词在情态动词would 后面，因此应使用原形lead to，严重后果译为

severe consequences 。答案为lead to severe consequences。

Section B

It's so easy to take good friends for granted. Like a comfortable pair of gloves, old friends wear

well. But friendships that suffer from busyness and over-familiarity can't afford to be neglected too

long. They need renewal. If you want and need to keep true friendship alive and well, please,

consider and think over a list of the most important qualities. Probably it will help you to

understand why you and your best friend haven't called up for ages, why you're getting

embarrassed while being asked " Whom are you going to have fun with this weekend ? " You may

neglect your intimate friends from time to time, but if you fail to cultivate these qualities — loyalty,

forgiveness, honesty, and dedication — you can't expect to keep true friends.

【参考译文】把好朋友当作是理所当然的是如此容易。老朋友就像一副舒服的手套，戴着最

顺手。但是友谊经不起因忙碌或过于顾家而被忽视太久。他们需要重建。如果你想要且需要保持一段真挚的友情长存，请仔细地再三考虑一下有关最重要的品质的列表。也许它会帮助你来理解为什么你和你最好的朋友几年了都没有打过电话，为什么当你被问到“这周末你打算和谁一起玩？”时，你会感到尴尬。你可能时不时的忽略了你的亲密的朋友，但是如果你没能培养好这些品质——忠诚，宽怒，诚实，以及奉献精神——你将不大可能维持住真正的朋友。

Text B

New Words

tribute n. （尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物

rear v. 抚养；养育；培养

ungrateful adj. 不领情的；忘恩负义的

traitor n. 背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼

faith n. 信任；相信；信心

reputation n. 名誉；名声

prone adj. 易于发生某事的；很可能…的

malice n. 恶意；怨恨

settle v. 把…放好；安放

absolute adj. 肯定的；无疑的；明确的

unselfish adj. 无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的

selfish adj. 自私的

desert v. 抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人）

treacherous adj. 不可信任的；背叛的；奸诈的

prosperity n. 兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛

poverty n. 贫穷；贫困

sickness n. 疾病；不健康

wintry adj. 冬天的；寒冷的

fiercely adv. 猛烈地

lick v. 舔

sore n. 痛处；伤处；疮

wound n. （心灵上的）伤，创伤

roughness n. 艰辛；艰难

guard v. 警卫；守卫；保卫

pauper n. 穷人；贫民；乞丐

constant adj. 不变的；固定的；恒定的

journey n. （尤指长途）旅行，行程

heaven n. the heavens [p1.] =the sky 天空

outcast n. 被抛弃者；被排斥者

friendless adj. 没有朋友的

homeless adj. 无家的

faithful adj. 忠实的，忠诚的

privilege n. 特殊利益；优惠待遇

accompany v. 陪同；陪伴

scene n. 事件；场面；情景

embrace n. 拥抱

pursue v. 追求；致力于

paw n. （动物的）爪

alert adj. 警觉的；警惕的；戒备的

watchfulness n. 警惕

Phrases and Expressions

turn against 背叛

be prone to 易于

stand by 支持；帮助；忠于

take wings 飞走

fall to pieces 崩溃；倒塌；解体

重点词汇

tribute n. （尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物

eg: Tributes to the dead leader have been received from all around the world.

世界各地的人们向已故领袖表示哀悼。

其他含义

（尤指旧时）（一国向他国交纳的）贡品，贡金，贡（尤指为避免战争）

eg: They came into the Mainland mainly by means of paying tribute and population trade. 他们主要通过进贡和人口买卖的方式来到内地。

构词

词根 tribut = to give 给予

tribute n. 贡品

attribute v. 归因于

contribute v. 贡献

distribute v. 分配

ungrateful adj. 不领情的；忘恩负义的

eg: You ungrateful wretch! 你这忘恩负义的家伙!

衍生

grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的

用法：~ （to sb.）（for sth.）; ~ （）

eg: I am grateful to you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。

I was grateful that they didn't ask me.我感到庆幸的是他们没有问我。

否定前缀 un-

grateful 感恩的→ungrateful 忘恩负义的

selfish 自私的→unselfish 无私的

fortunate 幸运的→unfortunate 不幸的

civilized 文明的→uncivilized 未开化的

prone adj. 易于发生某事的；很可能…的

eg: He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.

人家一不同意他的意见，他就发脾气。

accompany v. 陪同；陪伴

eg: I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.

我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。

构词

前缀ac- 加强 + company 伙伴 = accompany 陪伴

company friends or the group of people you spend time with 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队

eg：You may know a man by the company he keeps.观其友则知其人。

pursue v. 追求；致力于

eg: She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.

她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。

衍生

pursuit n.追求；寻求；从事；进行

用法：~ of sth.

eg: The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes.作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润。

构词

形容词后缀

-ful 具有…性质的

careful adj.小心的

hopeful adj.有希望的

doubtful adj.可疑的

forgetful adj.易忘的

respectful adj.谦恭的

-less 无…的

careless adj.粗心的

hopeless adj.没有希望的

doubtless adj.无疑的

homeless no home 无家的

eg: Thousands of people have been made homeless.上千人无家可归。

A Tribute to the Dog

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son

or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and

dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to

their faith.

狗的赞歌

在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。

The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A

man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone

to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of

malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may

have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or

treacherous, is his dog.

一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝，名声也可能因一念之

差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头

顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。

A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on

the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his

master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that

come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper（贫民）master as if （=as though）he were a prince.

一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。

When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings（飞走）and reputation falls to

pieces, he is as constant（不变的） in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If

fortune drives the master forth, an outcast（被遗弃者）in the world, friendless and homeless, the

faithful dog asks (for) no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against

danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its

master in its embrace and the body is laid away(=buried) in the cold ground, no matter if all other

friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his

paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even to death.

当所有的朋友都弃你而去时，它留了下来。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。即使被好运拒之门外，没有朋友，无家可归，他那忠实的狗也会义无反顾地陪伴着他，与他共渡险境，同仇敌忾。如果他的生命被死神夺走，长眠于冰冷的地下，这时，哪怕所有的朋友都离他而去，在他墓旁，那忠诚的狗也会守在那里，将头伏在爪子上，睁开悲伤但充满警惕的双眼，直到死都依旧忠贞，寸步不离。

EXERCISES

I Check Your Comprehension

Section A

（ ）1. The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him.

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】课文第一段首句给出答案，“一个人最好的朋友也有可能背叛他而成

为他的敌人”。turn against；背叛；disloyal 不忠的。答案为Y。

（ ）2. The money a man has may fly away when he needs it.

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】我们可以从课文第二段前两句话得到答案，“金钱也许会在他最需要的

时候从他身边飞走”。fly away ：飞走。答案为Y。

（ ）3. When severe winter sets in, the dog won't stand by its owner.

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】译文：当寒冷的冬天到来的时候，狗不会守在他们主人的身边。从

课文第三段第二句可知，的在寒冬到来之时，愿意躺在冰冷地面守在主人身边。答案为N。

（ ）4. A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever.

【正确答案】

NG

【答案解析】译文：主人必须好好对待宠物，寄希望于宠物们能永远陪伴在他们身

边。课文第三段及第四段谈及了狗对主人的忠诚，但是并未提及除狗之外的其他宠物，也没提及主人需要好好对待宠物。答案为NG。

（ ）5. A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties.

【正确答案】

N

【答案解析】译文：当的遇到艰难险阻对，它将退却。课文第四段综述了出现任何

情况，狗都会义无反顾地守护主人，而不会退却，答案为N。

（ ）6. When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog's love remains constant

just like sunrise and sunset.

【正确答案】

Y

【答案解析】译文：当主人家财四散，名誉扫地，狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，

亘古不变。我们可以从课文第四段第二句可以得出答案。答案为Y。

Section B

1. A son or daughter brought up with great care may turn out to be___________.

【正确答案】sacrificed

【答案解析】根据课文第二段第二句，一个人的名望更会仅仅因为某一次考虑不周的

行为而瞬间丧失殆尽。我们可以到答案。答案为sacrificed。

4. A man's dog will stick by him whenever he is in ______________ .

【正确答案】prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness

【答案解析】课文第三段第一句提及，A man's dog may stands by him in prosperity

and in poverty, in health and in sickness，即不管主人是贫穷或富贵、病弱或健康，狗

都会守护在主人的身旁。答案为prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness。

5. When the poor owner sleeps, the dog will tend to him as if he were________.

【正确答案】a prince

【答案解析】我们可以从第三段最后一句得出答案，它忠诚地守卫着熟睡的主人，

俨然这位穷主人就是一位王子。答案为a prince。

6. If the owner unfortunately becomes friendless and homeless, the dog prefers to enjoy the

right to ____________.

【正确答案】accompany him

【答案解析】课文第四段第三句可以归纳出本题答案，即主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时，

忠心耿耿的狗也总是形影不离，对抗敌人，保护主人免遭危险。答案为accompany him。

Building Your Vocabulary

Section A

1. Many people spend little time in _______ of physical fitness.（pursue, pursuit）

【正确答案】pursuit

【正确答案】ungrateful

【答案解析】课文第一段第二句可以得出答案，即他满怀爱意抚养长大的儿女可能不知感恩。答案为ungrateful。

2. Those people we are faithful to may betray ______________.

【正确答案】us

【答案解析】第一段最后一句提及，那些我们最近最亲的人，我们信任他们，把自己的幸福和名声都托付于他们，他们都有可能会舍弃忠诚而背叛我们。答案为us。

3. When a person commits a mistake on purpose, his good fame may be______ .

【答案解析】译文：许多人花费很少的时间追求身体健康。in pursuit of 是固定搭配，追求、追寻的意思。答案为pursuit。

2. His_________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.（faith, faithful）

【正确答案】faithful

【答案解析】译文：无论他到哪，他忠诚的狗都一直陪伴他。空格处的词修饰名词短语old dog。因此应填入形容词faithful ，而非名词faith。答案为faithful。

3. At any time, don't feel sad for a（n）_________ man.（grateful, ungrateful）

【正确答案】ungrateful

【答案解析】译文：任何时候，都不要为忘恩负义的人伤心。grateful：感恩的。ungrateful：

忘恩负义的。由句意可知，应填入ungrateful 。答案为ungrateful。

4. Often they are competing____________ with fellow Spaniards for contracts.（fierce,

fiercely）

【正确答案】fiercely

【答案解析】compete with 是固定动词词组格配，与……竞争的意思。空格中的词修饰前面

的动词compete ，因此用填入副词形式的fiercely（ 猛烈地）。答案为fiercely。

5. The war was followed by a long period of peace and ________________.（prosperous ,

prosperity）

【正确答案】prosperity

【答案解析】译文：战争之后是长时间的和平与繁荣。空格中填入的词与前面的

名词peace 并列，根据and前后一致的原则，应填入名词prosperity（ 繁荣）。答案为prosperity。

6. The service at the famous hotel failed to live up to its_____.（repute, reputation）

【正确答案】reputation

【答案解析】译文：这个有名饭店的服务辜负了它的名誉。live up to 是固定短语搭配，不

辜负的意思。its后面的空格应填入名词reputation（ 名誉）。答案为reputation。

Section B

privilege prone poverty alert

constant scene desert unselfish

1．Senior managers enjoy certain __ _, such as company cars and private healthcare.

【正确答案】privileges

【答案解析】译文：高级经理享受一定的特殊待遇，比如公司配车以及私人医疗服

务。空格处的词在certain 后面，因此应填入一个名词且与前面的senior 相搭配，

根据句意privileges 符合题意。答案为privileges。

2. Japanese consumers also remain _________to saving, not spending, as the recession deepens.

【正确答案】prone

【答案解析】译文：随着经济衰退加深，日本顾客倾向于节省而非消费。 be prone

to 是固定搭配，易于……的意思。答案为prone。

3. In Africa, for example, ____________ has actually risen over the past decade.

【正确答案】poverty

【答案解析】译文：在非洲，举例来说，过去的十年贫困程度确实在加深。空格中

的词做主语，且根据前面的关键词非洲，可知空格处应填入poverty （贫困）。答案为poverty。

4. Although he's over eighty, his mind is still remarkably_____________.

5. The terrible ______________ was engraved on his memory.

【正确答案】scene

【答案解析】译文：那可怕的场景在他的记忆中铭刻。空格中的词在terrible 后面，

且根据句意，应填入名词scene （场景）。答案为scene。

6. The police are looking for the woman who ______________ her children.

【正确答案】deserted

【答案解析】译文：警察正在寻遗弃自己孩子的妇女。空格中的词做宾语，因此

应填入动词词性的词，且根据后面的关键词her children ，应填入动词desert ，宾

语从句的动作已发生，因此应该用一般过去时态。答案为deserted。

Section C

1. How can you stand ____________and let him treat his dog like that?

【正确答案】by

【答案解析】译文：你怎么能袖手旁观，让他那样对他的狗？ stand

by 是固定搭配，袖手旁观的意思。答案为by。

2. The survey made by scientists shows that kids are all prone____ eat junk food.

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：科学家调查发现孩子们倾向于吃垃圾食品。be prone to

是固定搭配，易于的意思。答案为to。

3. By no means would people turn__________ their motherland.

【正确答案】against

【答案解析】译文：人们决不背叛他们的祖国。turn against 是固定动词短语搭

配，背叛的意思。答案为against。

4. My younger sister requested me to accompany her ____________ the airport.

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：我妹妹请求我陪伴她去机场。accompany to 是固定动

词短语搭配，陪伴某人去某地的意思。答案为to。

5. Do you believe Bob remained faithful ____________ his principles to the last?

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：你相信Bob能够坚特他的原则到最后吗? be faithful to 是固定

搭配，对……忠诚。to the last：直到最后。答案为to。

6. It always takes the class a while to settle __________ at the start of the lesson.

【正确答案】down

【答案解析】译文：在课程开始的时候，总要花费一段时间才能使学生专心

起来。settle down：定居，安心下来。答案为down。