新教材 人教版高中英语必修第三册全册各单元知识点提炼汇总(单词短语

人教版高中英语必修第三册全册各单元知识点汇总

Unit 1 Festivals And Celebrations .................................................................................. - 1 -

Unit 2 Morals And Virtues .............................................................................................. - 15 -

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures ................................................................................................... - 28 -

Unit 4 Space Exploration ................................................................................................ - 42 -

Unit 5 The Value Of Money ............................................................................................ - 54 -

Unit 1 Festivals And Celebrations

n．一系列；范围、界限

n．起源；起因；出身

n．人物

n．高兴；喜悦

t n．收获季节；收获；收成

n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成

vi.聚集；集合

ul adj.感激的；表示感谢的

e vt.以……为特

te vt.装饰；装潢

n．教堂；礼拜堂

icant adj.有重大意义的；显著的

l adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的

spite of 不管，尽管

cial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的

advantage of利用，欺骗；占……的便宜

n．媒介；手段；方法

t vt.显示；反映；反射

n．信仰；信心；信任

n．宗教信仰；信任；相信

on n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会

...in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征

all毕竟；终究

1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜

2．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj宗教的；笃信宗教的

3．joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj 高兴的；快乐的

4．agriculture n．农业；农艺→agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产)

5．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n．装饰；装潢

6．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n．意义；重要性；意思

7．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；平常地

8．commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→commercialise vt.使商业化；利用……牟利→commercialisation n．商业化

9．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→believe vt.相信

10．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionally adv.偶尔；间或

1．march vt.使前进，使行军

vi.行进；前进；示威游行；进行

n．行进；行军；示威游行；进行曲；三月

①At the end of the march，I was very tired.行军

②In our country，spring lasts from March to May.三月

③About 5，000 people marched through the city to fight against the war.示威游行

④We marched 50 km across the foothills.进行，行军

⑤Mr Carter marched us into the principal's office.使某人前进

2．figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定；计算；象征

vi.计算；出现；扮演角

①How do you figure he can live without me.认为

②He is the figure of authority that we have to deal with.人物

③I'm sure that our figure is correct and exact.数字

④She's always had a good figure.身材

⑤I hadn't figured on getting home so late.计算、算到

⑥I can't figure out how to do this.弄懂

Words And Phrases

知识要点1 congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜

(教材P2)receive

收到来自……的祝贺

[例1] I want to express my sincere congratulations on your success.

我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。

[例2] We offered our congratulations to the winners.

我们向获胜者祝贺。

[造句] 祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得大的进步。

Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.

[知识拓展]

(1)congratulation n． 祝贺；恭喜

congratulations to sth. 祝贺某人某事

Congratulations! 恭喜你！

sth.(2)congratulate 

doing sth.就……向某人祝贺

congratulate oneself on(doing) sth.

感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴

知识要点2 after all毕竟；别忘了

(教材P3)After all，as you know，I love to dance!

正如你所知，毕竟，我爱舞蹈。

[例1] Think of it，after all，we have to pay.

想想啊，毕竟我们曾经都付出了。

[例2] After all，I'm your best friend.

别忘了，我是你最好的朋友。

[造句] 你应该对这些学生们宽容一点。毕竟他们还都是孩子。

You should be easy on these all，they are kids.

[知识拓展]

above all

all in all

in all

at all

first of all

[明辨异同]

above all/after all/first of all/in all

above all

after all

first of all

in all

意为“最重要的是；尤其是”，强调事物的重要性。

毕竟；究竟，导出原因，通常放在句首。

意为“首先”，强调事物的排列顺序。

意为“总共；总计”。

最重要的是；尤其是

整体说来；总而言之

全部；合计

(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟

首先

知识要点3(教材P4)They have a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the

year，religions，famous figures and important events.

它们有各种各样的起源，例如一年中的各个季节，各种宗教，著名人物和一些重大事件等。

(1)range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列

[例1] She has a wide range of interests.

她有广泛的兴趣爱好。

[例2] Hiring and firing are both within the range of his responsibilities.

招聘和解雇员工都在他的职责范围内。

[造句] 她做过许多不同的工作，从清洁工到公交司机都做过。

She has had a number of different jobs，ranging from cleaner to bus driver.

[知识拓展]

(1)a full/wide range of

in/within )

各种各样的……；范围广泛的；

一套；一系列

在(……)可及的范围内

beyond/out of )

(2)range from A to B

range between A and B

超出(……的)范围

在A到B范围内变动

在A和B范围之间变动

知识要点4 gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割

(教材P4)This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have

been gathered in.

这一重要的农耕节日(一般)会在所有农作物收割完毕后举行。

[例1] Clouds gather before a thunderstorm.

在风暴来临之前云层聚集。

[例2] He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.

他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。

[例3] The farmers are gathering crops in the fields.

农民们正在田野里收割庄稼。

[造句] 越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。

People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the

agricultural work is over.

[知识拓展]

gather experience积累经验

[明辨异同]

gather/collect

gather

意为“收集，聚集”，指把分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来，也可指把人集中、聚集起来。

意为“收集，采集”，着重于计划性和选择性含义，指有计划、有collect

目的、有选择地“收集”。

知识要点5 significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的

(教材P4)Customs play a significant role in festivals，but sometimes they can

change over time.

习俗在节日中起着重要的作用，但是有时他们也会随着时间而变化。

[例1] The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the

questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.

你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。

[例2] The task took him a significant amount of time.

这份工作花了他大量的时间。

[造句] 老师及时的鼓励对学生很重要。

Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant/is of great significance to

his/her students.

[知识拓展]

significance n． 重要性；意义

be of great significance＝be very significant 非常重要

be of no significance

attach significance to

无意义，不重要

重视……

[联想发散] 常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：

①be of significance＝be significant

②be of importance＝be important

③be of value＝be valuable

④be of help＝be helpful

⑤be of use＝be useful

知识要点6 typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的

(教材P4)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting

firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.

为了驱逐恶鬼和庆祝新年，中国人在春节燃放鞭炮的习俗就是一个典型的例子。

[例1] This painting is fairly typical of his early works.

这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。

[例2] It is typical of him to play jokes on others.

他一向喜欢取笑别人。

[造句] 他一向喜欢帮助那些处于逆境的人。

It is typical of him to help those who are in trouble.

[知识拓展]

be

it's typical of do sth.

知识要点7 in spite of不管；尽管

在……中典型的；……有代表性的

某人做某事一向如此

(教材P4)Another example is Halloween，which slowly became an exciting festival

for children，in spite of its religious origins.

另一个例子是万圣节，它慢慢地变成了一个让孩子们很兴奋的节日而尽管它起源于宗教。

[例1] He would go in spite of our warning.

尽管我们提出警告他还是要去。

[例2] In spite of the troubles of the past two years，there could be light at the end

of the tunnel.

尽管在过去的两年里麻烦不断，但我们应该相信在隧道的另一端一定会看到光亮。

[造句] 尽管在这点上我们不能达成一致，我们仍然是朋友。

In spite of our disagreement on this point we are still friends.

[明辨异同]

regardless of/despite/in spite of

regardless of

despite/in spite of

强调不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。后可接whether，what引导的从句。

后常接名词，不接从句。

知识要点8 (教材P5)They reflected people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes

towards life.

它们反映了人们的希望，信心，宗教信仰和对生活的态度。

(1)reflect v．映照；反射；思考；显示

[例1] Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.

你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。

[例2] She could see her face reflected in the water.

她可以看见映在水中的自己的脸。

[例3] The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on/upon before we

act.

我们采取行动之前需要思考市场可能的反应。

[造句] 你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。

You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes and failures.

[知识拓展]

(1)reflect sb./sth. in sth.

reflect on/upon sth.

(2)reflection n.

be lost in reflection

[知识拓展]

(1)have faith in sb./sth.

lose faith in sb./sth.

(2)faithful adj.

(3)faithfully adv.

信任某人某事

对……失去信心

忠实的；忠诚的

忠实地；忠诚地

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 “no matter＋疑问词”句式

(教材P4)However，no matter how difficult they may seem，all over the world，the

spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.

然而，在全世界所有的节日中，不管它们看起来是多么的不同，但共享喜悦，感恩，爱与和平的精神是一致的。

句式分析：“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。

[例1] Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.

如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加，无论他们来自哪个国家。

[例2] No matter where you go，I'll follow you.

不管你去哪里，我都会跟着。

[造句] 法网恢恢，疏而不漏。

No matter who breaks the law，he must be punished.

[知识拓展]

(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像

思考某事；回忆某事

反射；反照；反映；映像

陷入深思中

(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter

when/where/how。

(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。

重点句式2 with复合结构

(教材P5)Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses

taking advantage of the celebrations.

随着商业对各种庆祝活动的利用，节日也变得越来越商业化了。

句式分析：句中with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations为with的复合结构作状语。

[例1] With the exam coming near，I felt very nervous.

随着考试的临近，我感觉十分紧张。

[例2] With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.

有当地向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。

[造句] 随着时间的流逝，他变得越来越勤奋了。

With time going by，he became more and more hard-working.

[知识拓展]

(1)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)

(2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)

(3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)

(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.

重点句式3 make it ＋adj.＋for do 句型

(教材P5)Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much

easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.

网上购物的网址和社会媒体软件的应用让公众花更多的钱为所爱的人买礼物变得更容易了。

句式分析：句中made it much easier for the public ，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。

[例1] This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.

这产生了一系列反应，使生命的发展成为可能。

[例2] We should make it a rule to clean our classroom every morning.

我们应该把每天早上打扫教室当作一条规则。

[造句] 我精通英语，这使我更容易地到一份好工作。

I have a good command of English，which makes it easier for me to find a good

job.

[知识拓展]

(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句

(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do不定式

(3)make＋it＋no good/no use/＋doing sth.

[提示] 常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。

语法精讲

v．-ing形式作定语和表语

v．-ing形式在句中作定语和表语是本单元的语法内容。下面讲述一下它的具体含义和用法。

[观察例句]

1．It was great fun walking along the streets，enjoying the relaxing atmosphere！The performances were just amazing.

2．And I get lucky money in red envelopes from my parents and relatives，so it's

always an exciting time for me.

3．Perhaps could be better？Families getting together and

eating delicious food，people watching sports games on TV，friends laughing and

talking，etc.

4．I think it's Christmas.I just can't take my eyes off the shining lights on the

Christmas trees of smiling faces，and people singing Christmas carols

and wishing each other“Merry Christmas！”

[归纳用法]

一、v.-ing形式作定语

1．单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。

(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

building materials＝materials for building建筑材料

a reading room＝a room for reading阅览室

(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody

一个困扰人的问题

a surprising result＝a result that is surprising

一个惊人的结果

developing countries＝countries that are developing

发展中国家

2．v.-ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

(1)They lived in a room facing the street.

＝They lived in a room that faces the street.

他们住在一间面朝街的房子。

(2)The man standing there is Peter's father.

＝The man who is standing there is Peter's father.

站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。

3．v.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。

(1)The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.

＝The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.

那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。

(2)His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

＝His brother, who is working as a teacher，lives in Beijing.

他的哥哥住在北京，是个老师。

[提示] 有些情况下，动词的-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。

作定语的v.-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。

[误]The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.

[正]The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.

昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。

动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。

[误]The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.

[正]The temple(which has been)destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.

被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。

二、v.-ing形式作表语

v．-ing形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。

My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。

My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。

[提示] 现在分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置。

误：Interesting is my job.

正：Teaching is my job.

Words And Phrases

知识要点1 go off爆炸；走火；离开

(教材P7)But，to be frank，the fireworks going off throughout the night were really

annoying.

但是，说实话，整晚的烟花燃放声真的有些令人恼火。

[例1] The gun went off by accident.

走火了。

[例2] She went off to get a drink.

她拿饮料去了。

[例3] He went off with $10，000 of the company's money.

他卷走了公司一万美金。

[造句] 在挤满人的大街上爆炸了。

The bomb went off in a crowded street.

[知识拓展]

go ahead

go up

go against

go by

go over

go without

go after

前进；干吧；说吧

上涨；上升；攀登；增加

违反；违背；(决定、判决等)对……不利

流逝；根据……决定

检查，审查；复习，重温

没有……也行；没有……而勉强应付

追逐；追赶

知识要点2 represent vt.象征；代表；相当于

(教材P8)Naadam means“games”in Mongolian，and it is represented by three

events：horse racing，wrestling，and archery，which are all so exciting to watch!

那达慕在蒙古语中的含义是“游戏”，它以三项竞技活动为代表：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每项活动都很刺激，值得观看。

[例1] The red lines on the map represent railways.

这张地图上的红线代表铁路。

[例2] He was picked out from the whole class to represent them to the other

school.

他被挑选作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。

[造句] 昨天，另一个学生和我代表我们学校的学生会，到首都机场迎接今年的国际学生。

Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.

[知识拓展]

(as/

represent sb.

represent oneself as/

(2)representative n.

宣称……为……；把……描绘成……

向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事

自称是……

代表

adj.

a representative of

典型的；有代表性的

……的典型代表

知识要点3 set off出发；动身；启程

(教材P8)On the first day，I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.

第一天我和朋友Burin早早地出发去看比赛了。

[例1] I will set off for America mother reminds me to take some

necessities.

我明天将动身前往美国，妈妈提醒我带一些必需品。

[例2] The children gathered in the garden to set off the fireworks.

孩子们聚集在花园里放烟花。

[造句] 我们将在周六上午8：00出发去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节。

We will set off for the nursing home at 8：00 a．m. on Saturday to accompany the

elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.

[知识拓展]

set aside

set about

set out

set down

set up

留出；忽视；不顾

着手；开始做……

出发；开始做……

写下；记下

建立；安排；搭起

[提示] set about表示“开始做……”，后接名词或动名词；set out表示“开始做……”，后接动词不定式。

知识要点4 fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自以为是

(教材P8)I saw a lot of people wearing fancy Mongolian robes.

我看见很多人穿着精致的蒙古袍。

[例1] My sister likes to collect fancy clothes.

我喜欢搜集奇装异服。

[例2] I fancy(that)it's going to rain today.

我看今天要下雨。

[例3] I used to fancy what I would like wearing a long snow dress.

过去我常常想象自己穿着雪白长裙的模样。

[造句] 这个房屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑样式。

The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.

[知识拓展]

fancy sth.

fancy doing sth.

fancy＋从句

想要某物

想要做……

想象/以为

知识要点5 respect n．&vt.尊敬；尊重

(教材P10)It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.

在中国它也是一个人们向老人表示尊敬的日子。

[例1] She did it out of respect for her teacher.

她这么做是出于对老师的尊重。

[例2] We respect him for his active attitude towards life.

我们因他对生活的积极态度而敬重他。

[造句] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)另一种用途，亚洲文化中人们可能把沉默当作是尊敬的象征，尤其是对年龄大的人或权威人士。

In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of

respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

[知识拓展]

(1)have/show

out of respect for sb.

in all/some/many respects

(2)respect ...

尊重……

出于对某人的尊敬

在各个/某些/许多方面

因……而尊重某人

Unit 2 Morals And Virtues

us adj.珍稀的；宝贵的

t vt.委托；交付

h sth.帮助某人渡过难关

ge n．结婚；婚姻

ty n．大部分；大多数

in vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚

n n．(小组)教学；讲课

n．专业服务费；报酬

d vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应

n．协会；联合会；工会

rship n．奖学金

vt.聘任；雇用；租用

n．租借；租用

ian n．医师；(尤指)内科医生

nt physician住院医师

gue n．同事；同僚

vt.拒绝接受；不录用

t vt.任命；委派

n．诊所；门诊部

times 有时

y adj.遥远的

vt.选举；推选

n．十年；十年期

ere adv.在别处；去别处

vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于

h vt.发表(作品)；出版

n．员工；全体职员

responsible for对……负责

vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出

n．节省物；节省；节约[pl.]储蓄金；存款

garten n．学前班；幼儿园

1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．插图；图示；解释→illustrative adj.解释的；说明的

2．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousness n．宝贵；可贵

3．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的

4．major adj.主要的；重要的→majority n．大部分；大多数

5．complain vt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告

6．respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复

7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决

8．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；预约；约定

9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选

10．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的

11．energy n．精力；活动→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的

1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意

①You should follow the traditional moral standards.道德的

②Young people have no morals these days.品行；道德

③The moral is that crime doesn't pay.寓意，教益

2．faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥

adj.不清楚的；微弱的

①We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.微弱的

②The woman in front of me fainted suddenly.昏倒

3．tend vt.照顾；照料

vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会

①Women tend to live longer than men.往往会

②Prices have tended downwards over recent years.倾向；趋于

③The nurse is tending the injured.照顾

Words And Phrases

知识要点1 carry h sth.帮助某人度过难关

(教材P16)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this

amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.

林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。

[例1] His determination carried him through the hard time.

他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。

[例2] It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign

country.

就是你的帮助帮她们度过了在国外的艰难的日子。

[造句] 就是对医学的热爱支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。

It was the love to medicine that carried her through a life of hard choices.

[知识拓展]

carry to sth.

carry off

carry on

carry out

carry sth. through

使回想起；使回忆

赢得；获得；成功的对付

继续移动

实施；执行；落实

成功完成；顺利实现

知识要点2 majority大部分；大多数

(教材P16)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the

majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.

在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。

[例1] Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。

[例2] Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming

population.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。

[例3] For example，if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority

are over the age of fifty.

例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。

[造句] (2015·浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观点。

When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion

of the majority.

[知识拓展]

(1)a/the

be in the/a majority

(2)minority n.

be in the minority

(3)major n．& v.

major in

大多数……

占大部分/大多数

少数

占少数

主修；专业

主修……；以……为专业

复数名词＋复数谓语动词 (2)the majority of＋

不可数名词＋单数谓语动词知识要点3 respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应

(教材P16)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”

她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。

[例1] Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh.

克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。

[例2] The director responded that he remained optimistic when asked about the

company's future.

问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。

[造句] 你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。

You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.

[知识拓展]

(1)respond to sth.

(2)response n.

in response to

make (a) response to

对……做出反应/回答

回答；反应

对……做出反应

回答/响应……；对……做出反应

知识要点4 reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用

(教材P16)Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.

然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。

[例1] The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.

首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。

[例2] Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its

potential.

17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。

[造句] 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。

I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to.

[知识拓展]

(1)reject sth.

(2)rejection n.

知识要点5 appoint vt.任命；委派

(教材P16)In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed

director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，...

在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，……

[例1] Do they appoint him as the secretary?

他们任命他为秘书了吗？

[例2] They have a new headteacher at my son's school.

我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。

[例3] I have an appointment with Dr Smith，but I need to change it.

我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。

[造句] 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。

They appointed him as captain of the English team.

[知识拓展]

(1)appoint a post

appoint /

appoint do sth.

派某人任某职

任命某人为……

委派某人做某事

与某人约会/预约

拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事

拒绝接受；否决

(2)make/have an appointment with sb.

keep/break an appointment

知识要点6 elect vt.选举；推选

守/违约

(教材P17)In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，...

1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，……

[例1] He is elected to be the leadership of the party.

他被推举为党的领导人。

[例2] You can elect to stay here till 5 o'clock or leave at once.

你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。

[造句] 购买者可选择逐月分期付款。

Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installment.

[知识拓展]

(1)elect to do sth.

elect ...

elect sb.(as)...

elect do sth.

(2)election n.

选择做某事

选举某人进入……

选举某人担任……

选举某人做某事

选举

知识要点7 tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于

(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients，...

她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，……

[例1] The old tend to be cheated easily.

老年人更容易被欺骗。

[例2] She tended(to) her husband carefully during his illness.

丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。

[造句] 这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。

It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the

global temperature to go up.

[知识拓展]

(1)tend

tend (to) sb./sth.

(2)tendency n.

There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.

＝(sb.) have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth. 倾向于(做)……

[提示] “照料，护理”的多种表达法：

look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend(to)

知识要点8 scare adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌和恐惧的

往往会/易于做某事……

照顾/护理/看护……

倾向

(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how

she should respond to the questions.

在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。

[例1] She is scared of going out alone.

她不敢一个人外出。

[例2] It scared me to think I was alone in the building.

想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。

[造句] 我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！

I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to

death for a moment!

[知识拓展]

(

(2)be scared of(doing) sth.

(3)scaring adj.

把……吓跑

害怕(做)某事

令人害怕的

知识要点9 replace vt.接替；取代；更换

(教材P17)The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect

someone to replace the secretary.

学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。

[例1] John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of(＝replace)

him.

约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。

[例2] They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.

他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。

[造句] 有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。

A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.

[知识拓展]

(1)replace A with/by B

replace ...

用B取代A

取代某人成为……

(2)take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place 代替某人

in place of

in place

代替

在适当的位置，恰当的

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式

(教材P16)To a person nothing is more precious than

对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……

句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。

[例1] son is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.

为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在不到比他更好的老板了。

[例2] As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than hard study.

就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。

[造句] 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。

Nothing is more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.

[知识拓展]

（all）the other＋复数名词(1)比较级＋than＋anyone else

any of the other＋复数名词the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词形容词/副词＋enough(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋

too＋形容词/副词重点句式2 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事

(教材P16)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”

她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”

句式分析：句中would rather(not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。

[例1] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.

他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。

[例2] Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities.

现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。

any other＋单数名词

[造句] 为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。

To live a low carbon life，some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to

work.

[知识拓展]

(1)

would rather do do sth.would do than do sth.宁愿做某事（而）

prefer to do than do sth.不愿做某事prefer doing doing sth.(2)would rather that＋主语＋did sth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟

(3)would rather that＋主语＋had done sth.表示对过去的虚拟

[提示] ①使用句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。

②would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。

重点句式3 see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法

(教材P17)The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key

role.

新生的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。

句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。

[例1] National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the

were all very cheerful.

国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。

[例2] The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two

hundred years.

这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。

[造句] 过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。

The last forty years have seen the greatest changes in many fields of our country.

[知识拓展]

与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言彩，使表达更形象。

语法精讲

v．-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语

v．-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语是本单元的语法内容，也是v.-ing的重点和难点。希望同学们认真学习掌握他们的用法。

[观察例句]

1....her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.

2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic.

3．The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.

[归纳用法]

一、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语

1．(1)v.-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。

I found a bag lying on the ground.

我发现地板上放着一个包。

(2)当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的v.-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the result very satisfying.

＝The result is found very satisfying.

这个结果很令人满意。

They heard him singing in the next room.

＝He was heard singing in the next room.

有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。

2．能用v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：

(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等。

We saw a light burning in the window.

我们看见窗户里有一盏灯在亮着。

Can you smell anything burning?

你闻见有东西烧着了吗？

(2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

让你一直等着我感觉很抱歉。

I can't get the clock going again.

我不能让钟表再次转动。

二、v.-ing形式作状语

1．现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语。与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的)。

Not coming on time, he was punished.＝ Because he didn't come on time，he was

punished.(原因)

因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。

Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.＝While he was reading the book，he nodded from time to time.(时间)

读书的时候，他不时地点头。

Working hard，you will succeed.＝If you work hard，you will succeed.(条件)

努力，你就会成功。

Having failed many times，he didn't lose heart.

＝Though he had failed many times，he didn't lose heart.(让步)

尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有丧失信心。

The teacher stood there，reading a newspaper.

＝The teacher stood there，and read a newspaper.

(伴随，可以转化为一个并列句)

老师站在那儿，读着报纸。

Please answer the question using another way.(方式)

请用另外一种方式回答问题。

The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had

enjoyed his stay here.(补充说明)

来访的部长表达了对谈判的认可，他还补充说他此次来访很愉快。

His father died，leaving him a lot of money.(结果)

他爸爸去世了，留给他许多钱。

2．现在分词的否定结构

现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成。

Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help.

不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。

Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped.

趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。

Not having done it right，I tried again.

第一次没做对，我又尝试了一次。

3．现在分词的时态

(1)一般式：现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

She sat there，reading a novel.

她坐在那里看小说。

A little child learning to walk often falls.

学走路的小孩常常跌倒。

(2)现在分词的完成式所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.

做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。

Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.

因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。

4．现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语与现在分词动作是被动关系。

(1)现在分词的一般被动式。

The building being built is our library.

正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

Being repaired，the swimming pool won't open until next month.

由于正在被修理，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。

[提示] being done常作定语，表示被动的动作正在发生。

(2)现在分词的完成被动式。

Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn't make such mistakes.

被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。

Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.

被教授好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。

[提示] 现在分词的完成被动式常作状语。

5．一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的情况，少部分动词ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，为固定形式。常见的有：

generally/strictly/exactly/honestly speaking 大体上/严格/准确/老实地说；judging from/by根据……判断；considering考虑到；concerning关于。

Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures

vi.&vt.承认

vt.准许进入(或加入)

tely adv.肯定；确实

vi.发生；出现

wn adv.在市中心；往市中心

n n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命

ct n．地区；区域

ti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画

n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员

adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的

ards adv.以后；后来

to(朝……)前进；(向……)去

ical adj.(有关)历史的

vt.&vi.寻；寻求；争取；(向人)请求

one's fortune寻成功致富之路；闯世界

vt.&vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得

a living谋生

ant n．(外来)移民；外侨

vt.选择；挑选；选拔

n．瓷；瓷器

n．爵士乐

n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子

1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性

2．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地

3．ethnic adj具有民族特的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的→ethnicity n．种族渊源；种族特点

4．admit vi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；入场费；承认

5．definite adj.肯定的；确定的→definitely adv.肯定；确实

6．history n．历史→historical adj.(有关)历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的(或重要的)，可名垂青史的

7．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi移居；移居→immigration n．移民(入境)；移民人数

8．select vt.选举；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；选拔

9．journal n．日志； 日记；报纸；刊物→journalist n．新闻记者；新闻工作者→journalism n．新闻业；新闻工作

10．minor adj.较小的；次要的→minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人

1．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片

①There are some chips of wood on the ground.碎片

②All the main course are served with chips or baked potato.炸土豆条

③Every machine has a small chip in it.芯片

2．claim vt.&n.夺取(生命)；宣称；断言

①I don't claim to be an expert.宣称

②The car crash claimed three lives.夺去(生命)

③The singer has denied the magazine's claim that she is leaving the band.断言

3．escape vi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱

①He escaped from the prison.逃脱

②They were glad to escape the cold winter for another year.避开

③I had a narrow escape.逃脱

④For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.解脱；消遣

Words And Phrases

知识要点1 fortune n．机会；运气

(教材P26)fortune cookie幸运曲奇

[例1] worked in a small company for two years and then he went

abroad to seek/try his fortune.

帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。

[例2] Nowadays many young people dream of making a fortune in big cities.

现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。

[造句] 使他感到高兴的是，他有幸与一些世界顶级的运动员一起训练。

To his joy，he had/has the fortune to train with some of the world's top athletes.

[知识拓展]

(1)make a fortune

seek one's fortune

try one's fortune

(2)fortunate adj.

be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.

(3)fortunately adv.

发财

外出出路

碰运气

幸运的

幸运地做某事

幸运地

知识要点2 admit vt.&vi.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)

(教材P28)I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.

我不得不承认再次回到这座城市感觉真是太好了。

[例1] He admitted stealing some vegetables.

他承认偷了菜。

[例2] The boy was very happy because he was admitted into a key university.

这个男孩很高兴，因为他被重点大学录取了。

[例3] The theater admits 1，000 people.

这个剧院可容纳一千人。

[造句] 不得不承认的是，现在人们对残疾人的态度已经有了很大的改变。

It is admitted that nowadays people's attitude towards the disabled has changed a

lot.

[知识拓展]

(1)admit(doing/having done) sth.

admit＋n.＋

admit sb.//to

be admitted

be

(2)admission n.

知识要点3 occur vi.发生；出现

(教材P28)And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the

earthquake that occurred in 1906.

这是一个多么棒的城市啊——一个在1906年发生地震之后能够重新自建的城市。

[例1] A good idea occurred to me all at once.

突然我想到了一个好主意。

[例2] It had never occurred to him that she might be against him.

他从没想到她会反对他。

[例3] When did the accident occur?

事故是什么时候发生的？

[造句] 我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。

It occurred to me that it had been too long since I heard from Wallace.

[知识拓展]

to sb.

It occurs to /strikes/hits ...

某人突然想起某事

某人突然想起……

承认(做过)某事

承认……是……

允许某人/某物进入/加入

被录取，被接纳，被允许进入……

作为……被接受

进入；入场费；承认

It occurs to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事

[提示] 表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换；另外occur，happen，take place，break out，come about等表示“发生；爆发”的短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。

知识要点4 seek vt.&vi.寻；探索；寻求；(向某人)请求

(教材P28)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek their

fortune，...

全球有三十多万人来这里寻求发展之路，……

[例1] You must seek permission from the manager.

你需请求经理批准。

[例2] The explanation is not far to seek.

这种解释不难理解。

[例3] They are seeking to mislead us.

他们竭力误导我们。

[造句] 我想是时候寻求法律援助了。

I think it's time we sought legal aid.

[知识拓展]

seek(for/after)sth./sb.

seek out

seek one's fortune

seek to do sth.

寻某人/某物

挑选/出

寻致富之路；碰运气

试图做某事

seek happiness/comfort/wealth/success 追求幸福、安逸、财富、成功

知识要点5 earn vt.&vi.赚；挣得；赢得；博得；赚得；使获得

(教材P28)To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.

为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。

[例1] He now earns his living as a lorry driver.

他现在靠当卡车司机谋生。

[例2] She doesn't earn much money，but she enjoys the work.她赚的钱不多，但是她喜欢这份工作。

[例3] Everyone should have the means to earn their own living.每个人都应该有

自己谋生的手段。

[造句] 他的成就赢得了人们的尊重。

His achievement earned respect for him.

[知识拓展]

(1)earn .

earn money＝make money

使某人赚得某物

赚钱

earn a/one's living＝make a/one's living 谋生；维持生活

earn a reputation

(2)earnings n.

赢得美名

所得；收入；工资

知识要点6 select vt.挑选；选择；选拔

(教材P29)I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china

plates.

我选了一家广东餐馆，这家餐馆用精美的瓷盘呈上食物。

[例1] He hasn't been selected for the national team.

他未能入选进国家队。

[例2] He was selected as the representative of the company to attend the

meeting.

他被选为公司代表来参加这个会议。

[造句] 选出来的琥珀呈现出漂亮的蜂蜜一样的黄褐。

The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey.

[知识拓展]

(1)select do sth.

select sb.//

(2)selection n.

挑选某人做某事

挑选某人/物作……

挑选；选择

知识要点7 claim n．&vt.夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言

(教材P29)Over 3，000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake

and the series of fires that occurred after it.

在1906年的旧金山地震中有3 000多人被夺去生命，并且震后还发生了一系列的火灾。

[例1] We agree to accept all your claim.

我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔。

[例2] We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.

我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人。

[造句] 据称有些医生每周工作80小时。

It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.

[知识拓展]

(1)claim 声称做……

It is

(2)make a claim

据称……

声称；断言

知识要点8 apart from除了……外(还)；此外

(教材P29)Apart from being the kingdom of flowers，it is home to many ethnic

minority groups.

(云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。

[例1] Apart from the boring fight between the two heroes，it is a really good

movie.

除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影还真的不错。

[例2] Apart from being a painter，she is also a yoga coach.除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练。

[造句] 除了以上提到的结构，你也学会了下面的词组。

Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following

phrases.

[知识拓展]

(1)apart from具有下列三层含义：

①相当于as well as/in addition to。指“除……之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；

②相当于aside from。指“除了……外”；

③相当于except for。指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。

(apart 将……拆开

tell sb./ 把某人/某物区分开

知识要点9 escape vt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开

n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱

(教材P29)After visiting the southern part of Yunnan，I have to admit that it is the

best district of China to escape the cold winter.

参观云南南部之后，我不得不承认它是中国躲避寒冷冬天的最好的地区。

[例1] Where can we go to escape the crowds?

我们到哪里才能躲开这些人？

[例2] The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。

[例3] Hethe escaped from the prison last was almost found and shot by

the police，but luckily he had a escape death/narrow escape.

Hethe 去年从那座监狱逃脱了。他差一点被警察发现后击毙，但是幸运的是，他总算死里逃生了。

[造句] 据报道一名旅客非常幸运地在空难中逃生。

It was reported that one passenger was fortunate to escape being killed in the plane

crash.

[知识拓展]

(1)

escape doing/being done sth.

escape death

a narrow escape

(2)escaped adj.

从……逃脱；逃避

逃避(被)做某事

死里逃生

九死一生

逃跑了的

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 many sitting on top of big hills独立主格结构

(教材P28)There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big

hills，...

有太多漂亮的老建筑物——好多都坐落在山之上，……

句式分析：many sitting on top of big hills 为独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，即many of which sit on top of big hills.

[例1] He lay on his back，his hands crossing under his head.他双手交叉放在头

下面，仰面躺着。

[例2] Time permitting，we'll have a dictation today.

如果时间允许的话，今天我会听写。

[造句] 树叶到处飘落，我突然意识到秋天来临了。

Leaves falling here and there，I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.

[知识拓展]

独立主格结构小结：

(1)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，独立主格结构在句中作状语。

(2)独立主格结构形式归纳：

①名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动和进行)

②名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)

③名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)

④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)

⑤with＋名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词

[即学即练] 单句语法填空

①The meeting being(be) over, people went back home.

②Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled

by health problems.

③She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing (play) beside her.

重点句式2 can't wait！等不及想做(某事)

(教材P29)can't wait！我等不及想(去了)!

句式分析：本句是I can't wait to go to a jazz bar in the Richmond District的省略形式，句意“我迫不及待想去列治文区的一个爵士乐酒吧”。can't wait to do sth./for

sth.某人等不及想做某事。

[例1] We can't wait to have a try.

我们等不及想要尝试一下。

[例2] They can't wait for a view of that singer.

他们等不及想要看看那位歌手了。

[造句] 我们迫不及待地想见到他。

We can hardly wait to see him.

[知识拓展]

can hardly wait to do sth.

can never wait to do sth.急于想做某事

禁不住要干某事 can't help doing sth.

语法精讲

省略

一、省略的定义

省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。

凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。

一般说来，只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。

[观察例句]

1．A：Oh，I just love nachos mexican cornchips covered with cheese.

B：Me，too.

2．A：So it's the food of many different cultures，all in one dish?

B：Exactly.

3．A real mix of cultures here!

4．Can't wait!

[归纳用法]

1．简单句中的省略

(1)主语的省略

祈使句可省去主语。

①Hand me the hammer，will you?

把锤子递给我好吗？

除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的主语是什么。

②Don't know.不知道。

省略了：I

③Looks like rain.像是要下雨了。

省略了：It

(2)谓语或谓语的一部分的省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的谓语是什么。

④Anything you want to tell me?

有什么事要告诉我吗？

省略了：Is there

⑤The students still waiting？学生们还在等吗？

省略了：Are

(3)主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分的省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。

⑥(2016·浙江卷)—The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before

we go.

——电影8：30开始，我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。

—Sounds you at 8：10.

——听起来很好。8：10见。

省略了：It

⑦Going to town？进城去吗？

省略了：Are you

(4)宾语的省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的宾语是什么。

⑧—Where should we go？——我们去哪里？

—I don't re you want.

——我无所谓，你想去哪儿就去哪儿。

省略了：where we go

(5)表语的省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的表语是什么。

⑨—Are these your friends？——这些人是你的朋友吗？

—Yes，they are.——是的，他们是我的朋友。

省略了：my friends

(6)系动词的省略

有些省略结构省去了系动词，尤其在口语中。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的系动词是什么。

⑩Everything in good condition.

一切都完好无损。

省略了：is

(7)不定式的省略

A．答语中的有些动词后跟不定式做宾语时，可将其动词省略，而保留to，这样的动词或短语常见的有want，wish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，be going to，be about to，be supposed to等。

⑪—Will you go with me？——你要和我一起去吗？

—Yes，I'd like to(go with you)．——是的，非常乐意。

B．如果做宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态，则需在to之后加上be或have。

⑫—Are you a doctor？——你是医生吗？

—No，but I want to be.——不，但我希望是。

⑬—He hasn't finished his homework.

——他还没有完成作业。

——He ought to have.

——他本应该完成的。

C．两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的常可省略to。

⑭My job is to look after the children and teach them English.

我的任务是照顾孩子并教他们英语。

但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to都不能省略。

⑮To be for the plan or to be against it doesn't matter.

赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。

D．当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及其各种形式，则不定式中的to常可省略。

⑯What he wants to do is go home.

他想做的就是回家。

E．感官动词和使役动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式要省略to(help后的to可带可不带)。

⑰I saw a boy fall down from the tree.

我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。

⑱I'll help you(to) do the work.

我会帮你做这项工作的。

F．介词but前面有动词do，后面的不定式可省略to。

⑲He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.

他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。

2．并列句中的省略

并列句中后面分句与前面分句的相同部分常可省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。

①They don't agree with you and neither do I.

他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。

省略了：agree with you

②She was poor but honest.她虽然穷但很诚实。

省略了：she was

3．复合句中的省略

(1)宾语从句中的省略

A．以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，只保留特殊疑问词。

阅读下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。

①You are you tell me why?

你不高兴。能告诉我为什么吗？

省略了：you are unhappy

B．当用I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等做答句时，后面常用省略形式。

②—Do you think it will rain？——你认为会下雨吗？

—I guess so.——我猜会。

常用表达：

I hope so.我希望如此。

I hope not.我希望不会。

I'm afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。

I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.

我认为/相信/猜/希望/认为是这样的。

C．在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略。

③He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.

他告诉我她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且很聪明。

(2)定语从句中的省略

A．在限制性定语从句中做宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。

④He is one of the men(whom) I can trust.

他是我信任的人之一。

B．修饰way的关系副词that(＝in which)可以省略。

⑤This is the way(that/in which)he studies.

这就是他的学习方法。

C．在非正式用语中，关系代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。

⑥He gave the same answer as(he had given) before.

他给出的答案和以前(他给的)一样。

(3)状语从句中的省略

A．在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果其主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it且从句中谓语动词包含be，常把从句的主语和be省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。

⑦Unless necessary，you'd better not refer to the dictionary.

除非有必要，否则你最好别查词典。

省略了：it is

⑧Be careful when crossing the street.

过马路时要小心。

省略了：you are

B．在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。

阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。

⑨I'm taller than she.我比她高。

省略了：is

⑩I hate him as much as you.

我和你一样恨他。

省略了：hate him

(4)虚拟语气中的省略

在if引导的虚拟语气中，如果从句中含有助动词were，had(done)，should，则可省去if，把were，had，should提到从句句首。

⑪(2016·浙江卷)Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。

阅读下列句子，进行同义句转换。

⑫If John were here，he would know what to do.

＝Were John here，he would know what to do.

要是约翰在这儿，他会知道怎么做。

⑬If anything had happened，he would have let her know.

＝Had anything happened，he would have let her know.

要是发生了什么事，他会让她知道的。

⑭If she had lost her place，they all would be ruined.

＝Had she lost her place，they all would be ruined.

要是她丢了职位，他们就都完了。

Unit 4 Space Exploration

①frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区

②vehicle n．交通工具；车辆

③universe n．宇宙；天地万物

④determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的

⑤rocket n．火箭；

⑥gravity n．重力；引力

⑦satellite n．人造卫星；卫星

⑧launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市

⑨orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行

⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人

⑪leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/leaped，leaped)vi.&vt.跳过；跃过

⑫mankind n．人类

⑬agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处

⑭transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送

⑮data n．资料；数据

⑯astronaut n．宇航员；太空人

⑰disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的

⑱desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望

⑲carry on继续做；坚持干

⑳ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的

board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上

ndently adv.独立地；自立地

raft n．航天器；宇宙飞船

alk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间

n．玉；翡翠；玉器

vi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n.码头；船坞

vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志

1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神地；思想地

2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智力；智慧；才智

3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的→universally adv.全体地，一致地

4．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determination n．决心；果断

5．agency→n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n．代理人；经纪人

6．transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送→transmission n．传送；传递；发送；发射→transmitter n．发射机；发射台；传播者，传输者

7．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望；使沮丧→disappointment n．失望；沮丧

8．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.合意的；可取的；值得拥有的

9．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地

1．launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市

①The enemy launched an attack again.发起

②The new model will be launched in July.上市

③China will launch another satellite into space.发射

④The official launch date is in May.上市，发行

2．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围

vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行

①A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道

②You should come within his orbit.势力范围

③The earth take a year to orbit the sun.环绕……运行

3．signal vt.&vi标志者；标明；发信号n.信号；标志

①At an agreed signal they left the room.信号

②Don't fire until I signal.发信号

③The announcement signalled a clear change of policy.标明

Words And Phrases

知识要点1 determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的

(教材P40)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their

dream to explore space.

然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。

[例1] She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.

这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。

[例2] His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.

他爸爸戒烟是意志坚定的。

[造句] (2015·福建卷)决心努力学习后，他在墙上挖了洞从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。

Determined to study hard，he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his

neighbor to read at night.

[知识拓展]

(1)determine＋从句

determine to do sth.

determine on/upon(doing) sth.

(2)determined adj.

be determined to do sth.

(3)determination n.

决定……

决定做某事(强调动作)

就(做)某事做出决定

有决心的；坚决的

决心做某事(强调状态)

决心

[提示] be determined(not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。

prepare for（表动作）类似用法的单词还有，

be prepared for（表状态）worry about（表动作）

be worried about（表状态）知识要点2 transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送

(教材P40)...and it still transmits data today

……时至今日它仍然能传送数据。

[例1] The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries.

典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播。

[例2] We can receive the signals transmitted from a satellite in space.

我们可以接收通过太空的卫星传送的信号。

[造句] 为什么我们要把数据传到学校的电脑中？

Why do we have to transmit the data to the computer of our school?

[知识拓展]

(1)transmit sth.(from)...to

(2)transmitter n.

(3)transmission n.

把某物(从……)传到……

发射台；传播者

传播；发射

知识要点3 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的

(教材P41)These disasters make everyone sad

这些灾难让每个人感到伤心和失望……

[例1] She was deeply disappointed at losing the race.

比赛输了，她很沮丧。

[例2] These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at

their new life in the city.

这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望。

[造句] 这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望。

The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.

[知识拓展]

(1)be disappointed about/

be disappointed to do sth.

be

(2)disappointing adj.

disappoint sb.

to one's disappointment

对……感到失望

做某事失望

感到失望……

令人失望的

使某人失望

令某人失望的是

知识要点4 desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望

(教材P41)...but the desire to explore the universe never died.

……但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。

[例1] Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to

succeed.

即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻。

[例2] I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.

我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。

[造句] 他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行。

He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.

[知识拓展]

to do sth.迫切想要做某事(1)have a strong desire

for sth.急于想得到某物(2)desire to do sth.

desire do sth.

(should) do sth.

(3)desirable adj.

渴望做某事

想要某人做某事

渴望……

想要的；可取的；值得拥有的

[提示] desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。

知识要点5 carry on继续做，坚持干

(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space

exploration despite the huge risks.

这是因为人们仍然坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。

[例1] Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good

work?

为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？

[例2] Don't carry on.别停。请继续。

[例3] She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.

她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。

[例4] Can you carry on with your work while I am away？我不在的时候你能继续干你的活吗？

[造句] ①他离开后，我只管尽力像往常一样继续干。

After he left I just tried to carry on as usual.

②尽管条件极其困难，我们仍必须坚持下去，直到成功。

We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

[知识拓展]

carry

carry on a conversation

carry out

carry out the plan

carry out an experiment

carry through

继续……

继续对话

完成；实行；执行

实施计划

做试验

帮……渡过(难关等)

知识要点6 on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上

(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries

它绕地球运行，上面搭乘着不同国家的宇航员……

[例1] Have all the passengers gone on board yet?

所有乘客都登机了吗？

[例2] They have gone on board.

他们已经上船了。

[造句] 飞机上所有的参观者都被要求出示护照。

All the visitors on board were asked to show their passports.

[知识拓展]

(1)board vt.&vi.

(2)aboard adv.&prep.

go aboard the ship/the plane/the train

＝board the ship/the plane/the train 上船/飞机/火车等

(3)abroad adj.

go abroad

home and abroad

国外的

出国

国内外

上船/车/飞机等

上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上

知识要点7 independently adv.独立地；自立地

(教材P41)China became the third country in the world to independently send

humans into space

在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家……

[例1] The two departments work independently of each other.

这两个部门独立运作。

[例2] It was the first time that he had lived independently.

那是她第一次独立生活。

[造句] 警方应该不受政府的直接控制。

The police force should be independent of direct government control.

[知识拓展]

(1)be independent of

(2)independence n.

gain independence(from)

(3)dependent adj.

be dependent on

depend on(＝rely on)

独立于；不受……约束

独立；自主

(脱离……)获得独立

依靠的，依赖的

依靠，依赖

依靠，依赖

知识要点8 signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志

(教材P41)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station

in the future.

这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。

[例1] As soon as it was dark，Mrs Evans gave the signal.天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号。

[例2] You mustn't fire without my signal.

没有我的信号不许开。

[造句] 为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。

In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was

moving about upstairs.

[知识拓展]

(1)signal to do sth.

signal (to sb.)

(2)a traffic signal

send out a signal

[明辨异同]

示意某人做某事

示意(某人)……

交通信号

发出信号