新编实用英语综合教程1Unit3RoadSignsandCommuting

Unit Three Road Signs and Commuting

Section One & Section Two

Talking Face to Face

I Warm-up Questions

1. What will you say in English to those who ask you the directions?

2. What do you know about English expressions for directions? List them.

II Class Activities

1. The students read the Mini-Talks after the teacher, and then try to recite

them within five minutes in pairs.

2. Ask the students to underline the useful expressions and perform the

Mini-Talks in class.

3. Students discuss in groups, summarizing the words, phrases and

sentences frequently used according to the following topics with the

help of the teacher. The students speak out the sentences under the

guidance of the teacher, paying attention to the pronunciation and the

intonation.

1) Sentences frequently used for where a particular place is:

(1) Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to the city center?

(2) Miss Wang, are you sure how to get to Xidan from here?

(3) Excuse me,which/what is the shortest way to the City Library?

(4) Excuse me, where is the post office?

(5) Do you happen to know this address

(6)Will you tell me where I can see the personnel manager, please?

(7) Would you tell me where the life is?

(8) Excuse me, how can I go to the fifth floor?

2) Sentences frequently used for showing directions;

(1) Go straight ahead for about 10 minutes and you can see it on the left side.

(2) Walk that way for two blocks. It’s only about a ten minutes’walk.

(3) Maybe the best way is to take the underground.

(4) After you turn left, you will see the sign of the restaurant.

(5) Keep going until you see a sign of the restaurant.

(6) The post office is just opposite the park.

3) Sentences frequently used for talking about means of transport to

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take:

(1) I take the underground from Wynn Street to Low Street.

(2) You can take bus No. 6.

(3) It’s very far from here. You’d better take a taxi.

(4) Can you see the sign there? Just follow it and you can get there

(5) Go along this street and turn right at the traffic lights.

(6) We have to take another road because the sign here says “Closed to all

traffic”.

(7) Follow the sign that says “To Library”.You can’t miss it.

Being all ears

Ⅲ. Key Words of listen and repeat

1. human resources 人力资源

reception 接待

transfer 转乘

block 街区

2. key

1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-e, 5-d, 6-f, 7-j, 8-i, 9-h, 10-g

3. Script:

1）. When you come out of the lift, turn left. Mr. Smith’s office is the second

one on the right.

2）. How far is it from here to the library?

3）. Is there a bus going there?

4）. Am I going in the wrong direction?

5）. Is the shopping mall far from here?

6）. Excuse me, where is the nearest supermarket?

4. Script

Jack: Hi, Bob. This is Jack. I’m at Emily Green’s house, and there is a party

going on.

Bob: Oh, really? Can I join you?

Jack: That’s why I’m calling.

Bob: But I don’t know her address.

Jack: I can tell you how to get here. It’s quite close. It’ll take you about

fifteen minutes.

Bob: OK. Please give me the directions.

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Jack: Take a left turn at the traffic lights on Main Street, and then a right one

at the police station. Go down that road until you come to a fork. Turn right

at the fork and you’ll see her house about a hundred meters up the road. It’s a two-story building on the right.

Bob: OK. Can I bring anything?

Jack: You don’t have to bring anything, but if you have some friends who

want to come, bring them along.

Bob: Are there many people there?

Jack: Oh, yes. Right now there are about ten people here and the music is

great!

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Section Three

Trying your hand

Ⅰ. Signs

1. You are welcome.欢迎光临。

2. Visitors please register.来宾请登记。

3. Silence.肃静。

4. No admittance.闲人免进。

5. Drive slowly.车辆缓行。

6. Cycling prohibited.不准骑车。

7. Hands off/Don't touch please.请勿动手。

8. Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草地。

9. Save water please. 节约用水。

10. No scribbling.禁止涂写。

11. Don't harm the flowers and trees.勿折花木。

12. Post no bills. / Stick no bills.禁止张贴。

13. No smoking.请勿吸烟/严禁烟火。

14. This way, please.请这边走。

15. No entry please.禁止入内。

16. No through fare.禁止通行。

17. No fishing.禁止垂钓。

18. Off limits to visitors.游人止步。

19. No spitting.请勿随地吐痰。

20. Save electricity.节约用电。

Ⅱ Grammar points

英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数，表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。

1.规则变化：

1) 一般在名词词尾加s，

① map—maps地图，bird—birds鸟，

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orange—oranges 桔子，

bike—bikes自行车；

2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es，

① box—boxes盒子，class—classes班级，watch—watches手表，

dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具；

3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es

① photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园

tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆

4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i+es

① baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭；

以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s

① boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具；

5) 以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为ves

① knife—knives小刀

wife—wives妻子

leaf—leaves树叶。

二：名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形，如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a

police，a cattle，但可以说

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a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of

glasses; two pairs of trousers

6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

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Section Four

Maintaining a Sharp Eye

Funny Road Signs from Around the World!

ⅠBackground information:

America is a nation on wheels. Americans use their cars even for very

short distances such as going to the neighborhood store to buy some groceries.

The average household owns two cars, trucks or sport vehicles and one in

four owns three or more.

Ninety percent of Americans drive to get where they need to go,

reporting an average of 87 minutes a day behind the wheel. For car

commuters, it’s an average of 100 minutes. Cities like Atlanta, San

Bernardino and Riverside, Calif., have difficult commutes as the result of city

sprawl. In Atlanta, 12.7% of commuters spend more than an hour getting to

work, and in the “Inland Empire”, which includes San Bernardino and

Riverside, 15% of commuters take more than an hour to get to the office.

About a third can be classified as aggressive drivers. Six in ten concede they

sometimes go well over the speed limit. Sixty-two percent occasionally get

frustrated behind the wheel, more than four in ten get angry and two in ten

sometimes boil into road rage. And nothing fuels driver anger like getting

stuck in a traffic jam.

Anyway, the road still offers more freedom than frustration. Three

quarters of Americans say driving often gives them a sense of independence,

and nearly half say it’s often relaxing. Four in ten love their cars — not just

like them, but love them.

ⅡLanguage Points

1. (Para. 2) Taking pictures of funny road signs while traveling is a

favorite pastime for many travelers.

Analysis: The gerund phrase beginning with taking is the subject of the

sentence, in which while travelling (= while they are travelling) serves as

the time adverbial of the verb taking.

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Translation:旅行过程中拍一些滑稽有趣的路牌对很多旅行者来说都是一大消遣乐事。

Example: Looking elsewhere while talking to customers is not considered

good manners.

2. (Para. 2) All are perfect for adding to your travel photo album and

sharing with friends.

Analysis: For is a preposition, which takes two gerund phrases (adding,

sharing) as its object.

Translation:这些都完全适合添加进你的旅行相册中与朋友分享。

Example: The song is perfect for singing in the New Year celebration.

3. (Para. 4) After all, the authorities put up a warning sign, picturing a

car flying headfirst into the sea.

Analysis: The noun sign has a present particle phrase as its post-modifier

(picturing=which pictured) and the noun car also has a present particle

phrase as its post-modifier (flying=that was flying).

Translation: 毕竟，有关部门竖立了一块警示牌，上面画的是一辆轿车头朝下飞入大海。

Example: The artist showed us his new oil painting, depicting a pretty

girl dancing in the garden.

4. (Para. 4) And that sign, pictured against an actual cliff in the

background, makes a great travel photo.

Analysis: The noun sign has a past particle phrase as its post-modifier

(pictured = that is pictured). The verb make here acts as a linking verb,

which means have the qualities for a purpose.

Translation: 衬托着背景中的真实山崖拍摄的这块路牌，构成了一幅绝佳的旅行照片。

Example: The church, situated in the beautiful mountainous area, makes

an ideal place for a wedding reception.

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Ⅲ Important words

1. straightforward

a. simple to understand; honest and open 直白易懂的；坦率的

e.g. People who are too straightforward in speaking may easilyoffend others.

He was enthusiastic, intelligent and straightforward.

2. occasionally ad. now and then 有时，偶尔

e.g. Occasionally the machine goes wrong without any apparent cause.

Everyone wanted a place where they could be left alone occasionally.

3. official

a. connected with those in power 官方的；当局的；正式的e.g. The news

is almost certainly true although it is not official.

The President of the United States will make an official visit to this

country.

4. evidence n. one or more reasons for believing something is true or untrue证据；证词

e.g. There is evidence that college exam cheating is on the rise.

A video tape was presented as evidence in court.

5. caption n. a brief description accompanying a picture or title of an article图片说明；标题；字幕

e.g. The caption of a newspaper article is usually set in large type.

He is interested in the captions under the pictures.

6. beware v. be careful about something 注意，当心，谨防

e.g. Beware! If you have too much sweet food, you’ll get fat.

Beware of trains!

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