一、完形填空题(每题1分，共20分)选择以下答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案
Recent legal research indicated that incorrect
identification is a major factor in many miscarriages(失败)
of justice. It also suggests that identification of people
by witnesses in a courtroom is not as 1 as monly believed.
Recent studies do not support the 2 of faith judges, jurors,
lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.
The Law Commission recently published an educational paper,
"Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 3 ", as a panion
guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that
monly held 4 about how our minds work and how well we
remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 5
change, it should not be underestimated.
In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events,
and judges and juries 6 its reliability. The paper points
out that memory is plex, and the reliability of any
person's recall must be assessed 7 Both mon sense and
research say memory 8 over time. The auracy of recall and
recognition are 9 their best immediately 10 encoding the
information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually.
The longer the delay, the more likely it is that
information obtained after the event will interfere 11 the
original memory, which reduces 12.
The paper says 13 interviews or media reports can
create such 14 . "People are particularly susceptible to
having their memories 15 when the passage of time allows
the original memory to 16 , and will be most susceptible if
they repeat the 17 as fact."
Witnesses may see or read information after the event,
then 18 it to produce something 19 than what was
experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of
their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses
may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects
of those memories are 20 false."
1、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】B
[A] trustful
[B] reliable
[C] innocent
[D] considerable
2、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】B
[A] rate
[B] degree
[C] extent
[D] scale
3、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】D
[A] Manifestation
[B] Declaration
[C] Presentation
[D] Testimony
4、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
[A] perceptions
[B] aeptances
[C] permissions
[D] receptions
5、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A]subject to
[B]liable for
[C]incapable of
[D]attributable to
6、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] assess
[B] appreciate
[C] calculate
[D] speculate
7、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] interactively
[B] paratively
[C] horizontally
[D] individually
8、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] descends
[B] declines
[C] inclines
A
A
D
B
[D]degrades
9、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
[A]at
[B]in
[C]on
[D]upon
10、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A]before
[B]after
[C]when
[D]until
11、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] with
[B] in
[C] at
[D] on
12、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] appropriacy
[B] auracy
[C] originality
[D] preceding
13、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] consequent
[B] suessive
[C] subsequent
B
A
B
C
[D] preceding
14、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
[A] distortions
[B] transformed
[C] malfunctions
[D] malformations
15、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] altered
[B] transformed
[C] converted
[D] modified
16、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] fade
[B] diminish
[C] lessen
[D] dwell
17、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] misinformation
[B] mistreatment
[C] misguidance
[D] misjudgment
18、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】[A] associate
[B] connect
[C] link
D
A
A
D
[D] integrate
19、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
[A] other
[B] rather
[C] more
[D] less
20、（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】D
[A] invariably
[B] constantly
[C] justifiably
[D] verifiably
二、阅读理解题(每题1分，共20分)选择以下答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案
Text1
The first English settlers in North America were
extraordinarily unlucky weather-wise, conclude scientists
who have looked at centuries of climate data. Their
analysis suggests that two-early-settlements reached crisis
points because the colonists arrived during the worst
periods of drought in 800 years.
The fate of 120 colonists who arrived at Roanoke Island
on the North Carolina coast in 1587 has always been a
mystery. A supply ship from England docked in 1590 to find
the colony abandoned, with few records to explain what had
happened. Two decades later, the Jamestown colony in
Virginia reported thousands of deaths from starvation, and
the settlers came close to abandoning their new home.
Historians have long blamed the failure at Roanoke and
the problems at Jamestown on inexperience, ineptitude,
internal quarreling and hostile natives. But archaeologist
Dennis Blanton, of the College of William and Mary in
Virginia, Williamsburg, noted that the Jamestown colonists
wrote of the local tribes plaining about poor corn crops
and decided to see if climate had played a role. He
contacted David Stable of the University of Arkansas in
Fayetteville who uses tree ring data to study climate. Stable's group studied cores from 140 bald cypress
trees in Virginia, near the sites of the two colonies. They
found that the timing of the unsuspecting colonists could
not have been much worse. Jamestown colonists landed in
1607, during the driest seven-year period in 770 years, and
colony medical records show a close correlation between the
severity of drought and mortality. Roanoke Island habitants
were even more unfortunate. Although their drought was
shorter it was even drier, the worst in 800 years.
Blanton points out that the Jamestown colonists had
counted on trading with the natives for food, and that they
had brought copper, a metal prized by local tribes. However,
the locals proved reluctant to trade in the face of the
drought, leaving the colonists short of food. Drought
exaggerated the difficulties between two alien cultures,
says Blanton.
21、The first English settlers in North America were
considered extraordinarily unlucky because .
[A] they knew too well about the climate
[B] they studied centuries of the climate data[C] they arrived during the driest period in 800 years[D] they arrived in summer time（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】C
22、Which of the following statements is TRUE?
[A] The first settlers of Roanoke Island nearly abandoned
their colony.
[B] Unlike the Roanoke Island settlers, the Jamestown
settlers met with serious starvation
[C] The Jamestown settlers were the first English settlers
in North America.
[D] Few people knew what had happened to the Roanoke Island
settlers.
（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】D
23、Aording to Dennis Blanton, the real reason for the
failure at Roanoke was .
[A]inexperience
[B]ineptitude
[B]hostile natives
[D]bad climate
（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】D
24、Compared with Roanoke Island inhabitants, Jamestown
settlers were luckier because .
[A] there were cypress trees in Virginia[B] their drought was drier[C] their drought was shorter
[D] their drought was less severe（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】D
25、The local Indian tribes were reluctant to trade with
Jamestown settlers because .
[A] they themselves didn't have enough to eat
[B] they knew too little about the value of the copper
brought by the settlers
[C] they had quite different cultures with the new
settlers
[D] they considered the new settlers to be their enemy（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
Text2
In the early days of the United States, postal charges
were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the
distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress
permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail
carriers for home delivers, but these carriers received no
government salary and their entire pensation depended on
what they were paid by the recipients of individual
letters.
In 1847 the United States Post Office department
adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course
simplified the payment for postal service but caused
grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the
stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not
include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia,
for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had
to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion
of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself
enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that
during the years of these cumbersome (笨拙的)arrangements,
private letter—carrying and express businesses developed.
Although their activities were only semi-illegal, they
thrived. And actually advertised that between Boston and
Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the
government mail. The government postal service lost volume
to private petition and was not able to handle efficiently
even the business it had.
Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail
carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to
private addresses should receive a government salary, and
that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But
this delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a
town having 10,000 people had to be eligible for free home
delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United
States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to
their doors. The rest, nearly three quarters of the
population, still received no mail unless they went to
their post office.
26、The passage mainly discusses .
[A] the increased use of private mail services
[B] the development of a government postal system[C] a parison of urban and rural postal services[D] the history of postage stamps（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】B
27、All the following were seen as advantages of the
postage stamp EXCEPT that .
[A] it had to be purchased by the sender in advance[B] it increased the cost of mail delivery[C] it was difficult to affix to letters[D] is was easy to counterfeit（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
28、The author mentions the city of Philadelphia (para.2)
because .
[A] it was the site of the first post office in the United
Stated
[B] its postal service was inadequate for its population[C] it was the largest city in the United States in 1847
[D] it was memorated by the first United States postage
stamp
（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】B
29、In 1863 the United States government began providing
which of the following to mail carriers?
[A] A salary.
[B] Transportation.[C] Housing.
[D] Free postage stamps.
（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】A
30、The private postal services of the 19th century claimed
that they could do which of the following better than
government?
[A] Deliver a higher volume of mail.[B] Deliver mail more cheaply.[C] Deliver mail faster.
[D] Deliver mail to rural areas.（此题分值：1分）【正确答案】C
Text3
The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are
about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in
gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions.
Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent
and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as
argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon,
prise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air.
The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and
distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather
changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension (悬浮)great
quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities
which are always present in considerable, but variable
amounts.
The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but
gradually thins until it bees imperceptible (感觉不到的).
Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first
few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant
rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little
influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper
atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites
and missile probing, have shown that these assumptions were
incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata
(layers).
Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is
a zone called the stratosphere (同温层). The stratosphere
is separated from tropopause (对流层顶). Within the lower
portions of the stratosphere is layer of ozone (臭氧) gases
which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun.
The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this ozone
were not there, the full blast of the sun's ultraviolet
light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually
result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the
temperature and atmospheric position are relatively
uniform.
The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most
fascinate but the least known of the three strata. It is
called the ionosphere (电离层) because it consists of
electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the
sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates
within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. It
effects upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet
unknown.
31、A jet plane will usually have its best average rate of
speed on its run from .
[A] New York to San Francisco[B] Los Angeles to New York[C] Beijing to Singapore[D] Sydney to Tokyo
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