北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit2 Success学案(知识点考点汇总及配套习题

Unit 2 Success学案

Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1 .................................................................................. - 1 -

Section Ⅲ Reading & Writing .................................................................................... - 27 -

Section Ⅲ Reading & Writin ...................................................................................... - 53 -

Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

( )aut

( )lined

( )iastic

( )iative

( )te

( )ment

( )ation

( )ee

( )ory

( )ure

A．g the rules

B．n.宇航员

C．adj.感激的

D．adj.最后的，最终的

E．g or showing a lot of

excitement and interest about sb./sth.

F． fact of doing er or of

working together towards a shared aim

G．n.寝室，学生宿舍

H． willingness to work hard and

give your energy and time to a job or an

activity

I．n.家具

J．n.雇员

[答案] 1—5 BAECD 6—10 HFJGI

B．短语匹配

( ) sense

( ) on

( ) out

A．发迹；出人头地

B．退出，脱离；辍学

C．有意义；解释得通

( ) one's back on D．赠送；捐赠

( ) away

[答案] 1—5 CABED

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．symbol n．

2．optimistic adj.

3．committed adj.

4．ambitious adj.

5．appreciate vt.

6．hunger n.

7．guilty adj.

8．professor n.

E．不理睬；背弃

象征，标志

乐观的，乐观主义的

坚定的；尽心尽力的

有抱负的，有雄心的

欣赏；赏识

饥饿，饥荒

内疚的，羞愧的

教授

Ⅰ.语境填词

hunger；guilty；professor；dormitories；optimistic；means；ambitious；symbol；appreciate；career

1．In this poem the budding flower means youth.

2．They are cautiously optimistic that the reforms will take place.

3．Only ambitious students get the best marks.

4．The white colour is a symbol of purity.

5．You can't appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.

6．My uncle entered upon a diplomatic career at the age of thirty-five.

7．Three hundred people in this town are dying of hunger every day.

8．Bob felt guilty that he had not made an attempt to save her.

9．The professor adapted his lecture to his audience.

10．Most of the students of this college live in dormitories．

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．I felt guilty(guilt) about not visiting my parents more often.

2．Thousands are going hungry(hunger) because of the failure of this year's harvest.

3．I put a pillow on the saddle so that I could ride comfortably(comfortable)．

4．Every single employee(employ) turned up at the meeting，even people who

usually stayed away.

5．He was determined(determine) to give his family a secure and solid base.

6．The government is committed(commit) to protecting the interests of tenants.

7．The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious(ambition)

when we graduate than when we got admitted.

8．He was very appreciative(appreciate) of his colleagues' support during his

illness.

9．He's been out of action for 16 months with a serious knee injury(injure)．

10．The meeting discussed how to promote cooperation(cooperate) between the

two countries.

1．They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving

the success they expect，and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they

will do once they become rich.

他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。

2．However，there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and

found other forms of success in their lives.

然而有些人却放弃了百万家财，到了人生中其他形式的成功。

3．He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had

everything while many people had nothing.

他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。

4．They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life.

他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。

5．Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle，and he discovered

that having only a little money made him free.

詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。

词语助读

become a millionaire成为百万富翁

a symbol of success成功的象征

ultimate goal最终目标

dream up虚构，凭空想出

think about考虑

get the sense of success获得成功感

look for寻

worry about担心

work hard努力工作

become wealthy变得富有

make money赚钱

lose the sense of success失去成功感

turn one's back on不理睬；背弃

other forms of success其他形式的成功

a college professor大学教授

a fortune of two million dollars两百万美元的财产

a small dormitory room小宿舍

second-hand furniture二手家具

take care of照料

grow some vegetables种些蔬菜

charity shops慈善商店

appreciate this change欣赏这种变化

be pleased 很高兴做某事

give up放弃

be tired of厌倦，讨厌

as认为……是

make the choice 决定做……

y away把……钱财都捐赠出去

bring ess给某人带来快乐

live simply过简单生活

be helpful to others帮助别人

millions of people数百万人

die of hunger饿死

have the chance to learn有机会学习

get on发迹；出人头地

feel very guilty感到很内疚

without doing anything什么都不做

把……赠送给

more than超过

bank notes钞票

homeless people无家可归的人

a kind of satisfaction一种满足

意味着

a well-paid job一份高薪工作

a sense of achievement成就感

come from来自；出生于

true meaning in life生活的真谛

live comfortably生活舒适

have no worries没有烦恼

drop out of this kind of lifestyle放弃这种生活方式

be much happier更快乐

according to one's values按照某人的价值观

原文呈现

MONEY VS SUCCESS

Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley

For a lot of people，becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set

this as their ultimate spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting

rich and achieving the success they expect，and the rest of their time thinking about all

the things they will do once they become rich.(1) But do all millionaires get the sense of

success they were looking for

after they achieve their goals？(2) Some continue to

worry about money when they become millionaires — they worked hard to become

wealthy，but then they need to continue making money

so they don't lose the sense of

success they have achieved.(3)However，there are people who have turned their

backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives(4)．Jason Harley

is one example.

(1)句中they expect为定语从句，修饰先行词success，they will do也是定语从句，修饰先行词things，once they become rich为时间状语从句。

(2)句中they were looking for为定语从句，修饰先行词success，after they achieve

their goals为时间状语从句。

(3)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，so连接表示因果关系的并列句，when

they become millionaires为时间状语从句，they have achieved为定语从句，修饰先行词the sense of success。

(4)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。

Sixteen years ago，Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house

and a fortune of two million he lives in a small dormitory room with

only second-hand are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and

successful man(5)！There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees，which Jason

enjoys taking care of(6)．He also grows some vegetables and a few gets

his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.

(5)that引导同位语从句。

(6)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit trees。

But Jason appreciates this is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich

was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had

everything while many people had nothing.(7) He made the choice to give all his

money this，he said，brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.

(7)句中while引导表示对比关系的并列句，第一个分句中who had everything为定语从句，修饰先行词person。

“I don't need a lot of money.I don't want to buy more things.I have enough，”

said Jason.“What I want(8) is to live simply and be helpful to others .A few years ago，I was a millionaire，but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year，and there

were places with no schools and no many people could never go to

didn't have the chance to learn and get on in worried me a lot

and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.”

(8)what引导主语从句。

Therefore he gave away all his money to er he had more than

two thousand dollars(9)，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in

the streets of local areas.“It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that

I had never felt before(10)，” said Jason.“Sure，many people think that ‘success’

means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job (11)．But I think my sense of

achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life (12)．”

(9)whenever引导时间状语从句。

(10)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词success。

(11)that引导宾语从句。

(12)省略that的宾语从句，其中and连接两个动名词短语作come from的宾语。

Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough

money，they will have no worries.(13) However，most people never feel they have

earned enough(14)．Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle，and he

discovered that having only a little money made him free(15)．Are there any things he

misses from his past(16)？“No，I'm much happier now，because I am living

according to my values (17)．Success is not measured by how much money you have

but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(18)”

(13)Most people believe后为宾语从句，其中ugh money为时间状语从句。

(14)省略that的宾语从句。

(15) that引导宾语从句。

(16)省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词things。

(17)because引导原因状语从句。

(18)句中how much money you have和how you understand the true meaning of

life都作介词by的宾语。

速读课文，完成下列任务

Ⅰ.阅读判断

判断下列句子提供的信息正确还是错误，还是没有提及：

1．Some millionaires do not get the sense of success after they achieve their goals.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

2．Jason Harley has turned his back on his wealth.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

3．Jason Harley is pleased to have the lifestyle of a rich man.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

4．Jason Harley has never felt a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

5．Most people will drop out of this kind of lifestyle like Jason Harley soon.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

[答案] 1—5 AABBC

Ⅱ.补全信息

选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：

A．being regarded as living a successful life

B．taking care of

C．being a rich man without doing anything

D．becoming a millionaire

E．helping others and finding true meaning in life

F．having millions in the bank or a well­paid job

1．For a lot of people， is a symbol of success and they set this as their

ultimate goal.

2．There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees，which Jason

enjoys ．

3．Jason was tired of ，as a person who had everything while many people

had nothing.

4．This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty ．

5．Sure，many people think that “success” means ．

6．But I think my sense of achievement comes from ．

[答案] 1—6 DBACFE

Ⅲ.表格填空

Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley

◆Set becoming a naire as their ultimate goal.

Most people

◆Spend half of their time

ng up ways of getting rich and the rest of their time

ng about what they will do once they become rich.

Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley

◆Worry about when they become millionaires.

Some

millionaires

◆Continue making money so they don't lose sense of success

they have achieved.

◆He is d to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.

◆He gave all his money away to ies.

Jason Harley

◆He thinks the sense of achievement from helping others and

finding meaning in life.

◆He is happy to live and be helpful to others.

细读课文，完成下列任务

Ⅰ.主旨匹配

段落

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

主旨大意

appreciates this change.

's past and present.

gave away all his money.

's belief in life.

lives simply and helps others.

[答案] 1—5 BAECD

Ⅱ.课文理解

1．What do some millionaires usually do after becoming rich?

A．Dream up ways of getting much richer.

B．Try to get the sense of success.

C．Go on making money.

D．Look for their new life goals.

2．How does Jason feel about the lifestyle of a rich man?

A．Tired.

C．Excited.

B．Pleased.

D．Puzzled.

3．What does Jason want to do now?

A．To buy more things.

B．To get more education.

C．To become a millionaire again.

D．To help those people in need.

4．What is Jason's opinion of success?

A．Success means having millions in the bank.

B．Success means having a well­paid job.

C．Success means finding true meaning in life.

D．Success means living comfortably and freely.

[答案] 1—4 CADC

Ⅲ.读后续写微技能

读后续写微技能(三)——人物感受

A．阅读文中含有表示人物感受的语句

1．Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they

worked hard to become wealthy，but then they need to continue making money so they

don't lose the sense of success they have achieved.

2．He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.

3．He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had

everything while many people had nothing.

B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物感受的？

1．This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing

anything.

2．Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.

3．“It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt

before，” said Jason.

4．I'm much happier now，because I am living according to my values.

[答案] 2

1．determine vt.决定，确定→determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→determination n．决心，毅力

2．discipline n．自制力 vt.惩罚，处罚→disciplined adj.遵守纪律的

3．commit vt.犯(罪/错)；承诺；保证→committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→commitment n．投入忠诚，奉献；承诺

4．ambition n．雄心；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的

5．appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识→appreciative adj.感激的→appreciation n．欣赏；感激，感谢

6．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤，损害→injured adj.受伤的

7．cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的；同心协力的

8．employ vt.雇佣→employee n．雇员→employer n．雇主→employment n．雇佣，就业

9．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.感到饥饿的；挨饿的

10．guilt n．有罪；对罪行有责任→guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的

commitment n．承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证；(对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；已承诺(或同意)的事；不得不做的事

①She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. 承诺

②A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment.投入

③Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.

Words and Phrases

知识要点1 determined adj.坚定的，坚决的

(教材P28) be passionate and determined about what you do

不得不做的事

对你所做的事情要有激情和决心

[例] She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change

her mind.

她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。

[知识拓展]

(1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)

(2)determine vt. 决定；确定；下决心

on/upon（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事determine＋

 do sth. 使某人决心做某事 决定……(3)determination n. [U]决定；决心

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

to do sth. 决心做某事（表动作）

①He determined to learn(learn) Chinese.

②We were determined to win(win) the game.

③I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home.

④She has the determination(determine)to overcome all the obstacles to succeed.

[小片段填空]

My sister Lily has determined/is determined to go to Beijing is a

determined girl，so we know that once she has determined upon/on doing something，she will make her dream come true with great determination.

知识要点2 committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的

(教材P28) committed and focused

坚定和专注

[例] He is regarded as a committed supporter of a radical free-market economics

policy.

他被视为激进的自由市场经济体制政策的坚定支持者。

[知识拓展]

(1)commit vt. 投入；使承诺；做不好的事

commit (doing) sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事

commit oneself to (doing) sth.答应(做)某事

commit suicide/a crime/murder自杀/犯罪/谋杀

commit sth.

(2)commitment n.

调拨；投入

承诺，保证，承担义务

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking(take)

out a loan.

②The council has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.

③It is an open question how long that commitment(commit) can last.

知识要点3 enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的

(教材P28) enthusiastic and ambitious

热心并雄心勃勃的

[例] She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.

她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。

[知识拓展]

(1)be enthusiastic about 对某事热心

be enthusiastic to do sth. 喜欢做某事

(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心；热衷的事物

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①He is enthusiastic about both study and physical labour.

②And as you can see，the children were really encouraged，and they were also

enthusiastic to read(read) all of these books.

③Without correct leadership，the enthusiasm(enthusiastic) of the masses cannot be

sustained.

[小片段填空]

He was a boy of great heart and enthusiasm．My friend was an enthusiastic

musician，who was enthusiastic about composing new songs.

知识要点4 make sense 有意义；解释得通

(教材P106)Yes，that makes a lot of sense.

是的，这很有道理。

[例] Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the

sky make sense.

只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能解释得通。

[知识拓展]

make

make no sense

in a sense

in no sense

弄懂……的意思

无意义

在某种意义上

决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

there's no sense in doing sth.做……是没有道理/作用的

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①I can't make sense of this poem，but perhaps I will，if I read it again.

②In a sense，his suggestion is very practical.

③Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will change.

那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。

[名师点津]

make sense的主语常是“物”，而make sense of 的主语常是“人”。

[小片段填空]

In a sense，the sentence underlined in the passage was couldn't make

sense of last，the teacher told him it didn't make sense，so there is no sense in

analyzing its structure.

知识要点5 injury n．伤，损害

(教材P106) Despite many injuries in his career，he always remained determined

and focused.尽管职业生涯中多次受伤，但他始终保持着决心和专注。

[例] The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game.

他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。

[知识拓展]

(1)do injury

do an injury to sb.

(2)injure v.

伤害某人

伤害某人

伤害，损害

injured adj. 受伤的

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①Smoking does an injury to health.

②The injured(injure) man mounted his horse with difficulty.

[小片段填空]

The accident caused serious injury to the injured were soon rushed

to the nearest hospital.

知识要点6 appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识

(教材P31) But Jason appreciates this change.

但是詹森很欣赏这种变化。

[例] I appreciate your help very much.

我非常感谢你的帮助。

[知识拓展]

(1)appreciate (one's) doing sth.感激(某人)做某事

I would appreciate 如果……我将不胜感激

(2)appreciation n.

in

欣赏；鉴别；感激

作为对……的感谢；为感谢……

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①I really appreciate your thinking(think) highly of my work.

②I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these

problems.

③We would appreciate you letting(let)us know of any problems.

[名师点津]

appreciate用法需注意的两点：

(1)appreciate后接动名词，而不可用不定式作宾语，且不能以“人”作宾语。

(2)appreciate 后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate，love，like，dislike等。

知识要点7 hunger n．饥饿，饥荒

(教材P31)...I was a millionaire，but I knew millions of people died of hunger every

……我是一个百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿……

[例] Around fifty people die of hunger every day in the camp.集中营里每天大约有五十人饿死。

[知识拓展]

(1)have a hunger for

die of hunger

(2)hunger to do sth.

hunger for/after sth.

(3)hungry adj.

渴望……

死于饥饿

渴望做某事

渴望得到某物

饥饿的；挨饿的

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①I don't know about the rest of you，but I'm hungry(hunger)．

②She hungered for some contact outside her own circumscribed world.

③New Zealanders are still learning，still have a hunger for answers and are still on

the journey to discovering their own identity.

知识要点8 get on 发迹；出人头地

(教材P31) They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life.他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。

[例] She is ambitious and eager to get on.

她雄心勃勃，迫切地想出人头地。

[知识拓展]

get along/on with

get into

get across

get over

get through

get down to

get away with

进展；相处

染上(坏习惯)，陷入

通过；被传达；被理解

克服，从……中恢复过来

接通；完成；通过

记下；开始

干(坏事)而未受惩罚

[即学即练]——完成句子

①This mistake will get him into difficulties.

这一错误将使他陷入困境。

②Don't attempt to cheat—you'll never get away with it.

别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。

③A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of

strangers.

微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中到朋友。

④It's impossible to get on/along with him.

根本无法跟他相处。

[小片段填空]

Parents in China are eager for their children to get on．But it is not easy for

children to get down to their of them even get into bad habits，which makes

them hard to get along with．

知识要点9 drop out 退出，脱离；辍学

(教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle，and he

discovered that having only a little money made him free.

詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。

[例] The window was open，and the pot just dropped out.

窗户开着，花盆就掉了出去。

[知识拓展]

drop back/behind

drop in

drop into

drop off

[即学即练]——完成句子

①They would unexpectedly drop in on us.

他们会突然顺道来访。

②The colt was struggling to stay with the pace and started to drop back/behind．

那匹小马奋力要跟上，但还是开始落后了。

③Struggle as she might，she kept dropping off．

尽管她拼命挣扎，还是不停地打瞌睡。

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 whenever引导让步状语从句

落后，被抛在后面

顺便拜访

顺便进入(某处)，随意到(某处)看看

不知不觉睡着

(教材P31)Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give

away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.

只要他有两千多美元，他就会把小面额的钞票送给当地街道上无家可归的人。

句式分析：本句中Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars是让步状语从句，其中Whenever相当于no matter when。

[例1] Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.

每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。

[例2] Give us a call whenever you need our service.

什么时候需要我们的服务，打个电话就行。

[知识拓展]

(1)“疑问代词 ＋ ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。引导状语从句时相当于“no matter＋疑问代词”。

(2)“no matter＋疑问代词”只能引导让步状语从句。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word.

②Whichever dictionary you (may) take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

③You may invite whoever you like.

重点句式2 make复合宾语结构

(教材P31) Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle，and he

discovered that having only a little money made him free．

詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。

句式分析：句中made him free为make ＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)的复合宾语结构。

[例1] But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of

making black and white people equal.

但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。

[例2] The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it

more difficult.

新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。

[知识拓展]

make作使役动词，意思是“使成为，使作为，使变成”，其后的复合宾语(即宾语＋宾语补足语)有以下表达方式：

(1)make＋宾语＋名词(作宾语补足语)

(2)make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式(作宾语补足语)

(3)make＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)

(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词(作宾语补足语)

(5)make＋宾语＋介词短语(作宾语补足语)

(6)make＋宾语＋从句(作宾语补足语)

(7)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)＋带to的不定式(作真正的宾语)

(8)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语) ＋从句(作真正的宾语)

[即学即练]——完成句子

①Most pop singers make music their career．

大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。

②Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.

没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。

③The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard．

那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。

④We will soon make our school what your school is now．

我们不久就要把我们的学校发展成你们学校目前的样子。

⑤Everyone should make it a rule to go to bed early and get up early.人人都应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

⑥They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary

job.他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作是重要的，是必不可少的。

1．Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires — they

worked hard to become wealthy，but then they need to continue making money so they

don't lose the sense of success they have achieved.

[分析] 句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，so连接表示因果关系的并列句，when they become millionaires为when引导的时间状语从句，they have achieved为

省略that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the sense of success。

[翻译] 有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人，但之后他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们就不会失去已经获得的成功感。

2．He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had

everything while many people had nothing.

[分析] 句中while引导表示对比关系的并列句，第一个分句中who had

everything为定语从句，修饰先行词a person。

[翻译] 他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。

教材

iastic

ambitious

iastic

ambitious

and

高考

全国卷Ⅱ)I was always an enthusiastic reader，and

(2020·sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.

(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet

simpler time.

全国卷Ⅲ)This is often appreciated since at a

Jason appreciates

(2020·this change.

4....I was a millionaire，天津卷)For those who hunger for some peace and

but I knew millions of

(2020·people died of hunger

quiet，sound can now create silence.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Whenever I visited him，he was always busy working.

2．The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.

3．Next time you are in Guangzhou，please drop in on me.

4．Leonidas' family had been poor，he went hungry(hunger) for years.

5．And what is the key to expressing gratitude and appreciation(appreciate)?

6．The injured(injure) captain，lying in the bow of the boat，said nothing.

housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.

7．There is no sense in worrying(worry) about such a thing.

8．He wants to make sure that schools are committed to providing(provide)

alternative education.

9．There was an expression of fierce determination(determine) on her face.

10．But he said he is willing to be patient and he remains optimistic about the

future.

Ⅱ.短语填空

get on；drop out；make sense；turn one's back on；give away；be tired of

1．She gave away all her furniture when she went abroad.

2．He turned his back on his wife when he became famous.

3．Politics is seen as a man's is very difficult for women to get on．

4．They were tired of the doctor airing his knowledge.

5．I dropped out of high bored me to death.

6．I didn't know what he was talking didn't make sense．

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

There are certainly no signs Jason is a rich and successful man! However，sixteen years ago，Jason was 2.a college professor with a fortune of two million

he (live) in a small dormitory room with only second-hand

gets his things from charity Jason is pleased give(give) up

the lifestyle of a rich gave away all his money to ies(charity)．And this

brought him ess(happy) and a sense of success in er he had more

than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to ss(home)

people in the streets of local thinks his sense of achievement comes from

helping others and g(find) true meaning in people believe when they

are living tably(comfortable) and earning enough money，they will have no

r，most people never feel they have earned Harley said，“Success is not measured by how much money you have by how you

understand the true meaning of life.”

动名词

[观察例句]

1．Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

2．Would you mind turning down your radio a little，please?

3．She is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.

4．Do you object to Li Ping's joining the physics group?

5．My walking stick is the same length as yours.

[归纳用法]

一、动名词的作用

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1．作主语

(1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。

Swimming is my favourite sport.

游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。

Collecting stamps is his hobby.

集邮是他的爱好。

[名师点津]

动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。

Playing with fire is dangerous.

玩火危险。(泛指)

Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.

小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)

(2)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。

It's no use waiting for him any longer.

再等他是没有用的。

It's a waste of time arguing about it.

争论此事是浪费时间。

(3)当句型“There ”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需

用动名词作主语。

There is no joking about such matters.

这种事开不得玩笑。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①It is a waste of time persuading (persuade) such a person to join us.

②Raising(raise) your hat to a lady is good manners.

2．作宾语

(1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：

避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)

建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)

喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)

承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)

逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)

忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)

Would you mind opening the window?

你介意打开窗子吗？

(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth等。

He insisted on doing it in his own way.

他坚持要按照自己的方法做。

I have never looked forward to visiting that place.

我从未盼望过要参观那个地方。

(3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。

stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

stop doing sth.停止做某事mean to do sth.想要做某事

mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth.努力/企图做某事

try doing sth.试着做某事

be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事

be afraid of doing sth.害怕发生……remember doing sth.记得做了某事

remember to do sth.记住要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做了某事

forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事

regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事(4)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。

need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done

 bike needs

to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

③Although it started to rain，the farmers went on working(work) in the field.

④He was afraid of being abandoned(abandon) by us.

3．作表语

动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows.(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

你的任务就是擦窗户。

What I hate most is being laughed at.(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

4．作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。

a walking stick＝a stick for walking＝a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine＝a machine for washing＝a machine which is used for

washing

a reading room＝a room for reading＝a room which is used for reading

sleeping pills＝pills for sleeping＝pills which are used for sleeping

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

⑤Their work is repairing(repair) solids control equipment.

⑥We have a playground，a swimming(swim) pool and two tennis courts.

二、动名词的逻辑主语

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。(＝That she came

to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane's being careless caused so much trouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(＝That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

三、动名词的时态和语态

时态

一般时

完成时

[名师点津]

其否定形式是在doing前加上not。

1．动名词一般时表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people.

我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit.

粗心不是一个好习惯。

2．动名词的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don't remember having met him before.

我不记得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.

谢谢你费力帮忙。

主动语态

writing

having written

被动语态

being written

having been written

3．动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

(1)它的一般时表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。

I appreciate being given this opportunity.

我很感谢给了我这个机会。

(2)它的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.

我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

(3)在某些时候，我们常用动名词的一般时表示完成时，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种习惯。

Excuse me for being late.

我来晚了请你原谅。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

⑦I'm sorry for not having kept(keep) my promise.

⑧He was afraid of being left(leave) at home.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．My sister insisted on going(go) to school in spite of her bad cough.

2．Most students hate being given(give) lessons on line.

3．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying

(die)early by running.

4．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into

his eyes.

5．Travelling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding

experience.

6．I didn't mean to eat (eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I

couldn't help trying it.

7．I still remember visiting (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years.

8．Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating (eat) more fast food people will get

more salt.

9．But unlike her school friends，16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term

resting(rest)．

10．Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one

of the worst.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Every time I mention (take) an exam at home，my parents can't help

ting(predict) the result of the exam，at the risk of g(ruin) the harmonious

it is difficult to avoid g(talk) the topic at s are busy

g(work) to support the devote their heart and soul to (give)

us a comfortable ys，parents and children have difficulty in

icating(communicate) with each s suggest we should try

have(have) a chat with them and achieve our on(ambitious)．Otherwise，we

would feel (guilt)．

Section Ⅲ Reading & Writing

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

( )ntial

( )tion

( )m

( )

( )onship

( )her

( )ct

( )e

( )ic

( )ity

A．vt.拒绝接受

B．n.冠军称号，冠军地位

C．adj.有影响力的

D． quantity of goods that is produced

E．n.最少量；最小数；最低限度

F．adj.学术的

G． official written agreement

H．n.出版商

I．n.强度；强烈

J． greatest or highest degree of sth.

[答案] 1—5 CDEAB 6—10 HGJFI

B．短语匹配

( )...to

( ) down to sth.

( ) in

( ) oneself to sth.

( ) sb./

[答案] 1—5 CDAEB

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．devote vt.

2．motivating adj.

3．limit vt.& n.

4．convince vt.

5．ruin vt.

6．skip vt.

7．defensive adj.

8．countless adj.

9．hire vt.

10．enormous adj.

11．length n.

12．injured adj.

13．outstanding adj.

14．average adj.

n.

15．normal adj.

把……奉献给；专心致力于

起激励作用的；激发(人)的

限制，限定

使确信；使信服

糟蹋；毁坏

不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走

戒备的，自卫的

无数的，数不尽的

租用

巨大的，庞大的

长度

受伤的

杰出的，优秀的

平庸的，普通的；平均的

平均水平；平均数

正常的，平常的

Ⅰ.语境填词

limit；convinced；ruined；devote；minimum；normal；

average；skipped；outstanding；hire

1．I want to devote more time to my family.

2．This price is his minimum；he refuses to lower it any further.

A．待在家里

B．使与众不同

C．致力于

D．归结为；要点是

E．努力；专心致志于某事

3．He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes.

4．Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.

5．The storm ruined our wheat.

6．He skipped lightly up the stairs.

7．No ordinary families can afford to hire servants.

8．There was nothing special about the meal；it was average．

9．She braced herself to lead a normal life.

10．Her late husband was an outstanding scientist.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．The oil companies have lost their power over oil price and oil

production(produce)．

2．He is a very influential(influence) man in the government.

3．If their luck holds，they could still win the championship(champion)．

4．It's normally(normal)much warmer than this in July.

5．He's writing a history of the town for a local publisher(publish)．

6．Accomplishing goals is a major motivating(motivate) factor for anyone.

7．They asked for academic(academy) freedom.

8．The enemy has strengthened their defensive(defend) position.

9．I didn't realize the intensity(intense) of people's feelings on this issue.

10．I've told you countless(count) times.

11．The length(long) of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.

12．Several people were seriously injured(injure)．

1．Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits?

为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？

2．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in

danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it

with.

他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。

3．It boils down to this：I was born with an enormous amount of drive and

determination.

归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。

4．Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I'm

applying myself to.

你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。

5．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that

extra little bit that might take us to the top.

作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。

词语助读

push the limit把某人推到极限

ruin family holiday破坏家庭假日

skip night out晚上不出去玩

give up放弃

be worried about担心

no longer不再

in danger of处于……的危险

a world championshipmedal世界冠军奖牌

with和某人分享……

become angry or defensive变得愤怒或戒备

deep down在内心深处

element n．基本部分；要素

workout n．训练，锻炼

mental intensity精神上高度集中

push the limit and extreme挑战极限

a professional athlete一名职业运动员

on a day-to-day basis每天

be so selfish这么自私

sacrifice n．牺牲

countless birthday parties无数的生日聚会

search for寻

hire a car租车

in downtown Johannesburg在约翰内斯堡市中心

drive through the “no-go” areas开车穿过 “禁入”区

do a group ride进行团体骑行

triathlete n．铁人三项运动员

boil down to sth.要点是；归结为

an enormous amount of drive大量的干劲

stay in待在家里

get ahead on class work在功课上领先

rather than而不是

on one's own独自

swim 100 lengths of the pool游100个来回

a rugby club橄榄球俱乐部

apply oneself to sth.使(自己)致力于；使(注意力等)专注于

be no different没有什么不同

an Olympic champion奥运冠军

set 使某人从……中突显出来

reach the winner's platform到达胜利者的平台

had better最好

be totally committed to完全致力于

in the words of用……的话来说

mean getting injured意味着受伤

prefer 宁愿……

be average平庸

set 使某人与众不同

be willing 愿意做……

a balanced way平衡的方式

normal adj.正常的，平常的

strive for greatness追求伟大

原文呈现

GETTING TO THE TOP

Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits？As one of the Olympic

athletes，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is

a very good reason for giving up so much.(1) “We're worried about you，” said my

friend from across the was worried that I had no longer become fun to train

with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and

no one to share it with.(2)

(1)but连接表示转折关系的并列句。

(2)and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。

I could have become angry or 't they know how hard it is to be at

the top in sport(3)？Don't they know what it takes to get there(4)？However，deep

down I knew elements of what he was saying were right(5)．I was always tired and

every workout had a mental intensity that seemed too much for most to handle.(6) I

was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy(7)．

(3)how引导宾语从句。

(4)what引导宾语从句。

(5)该句为省略that的宾语从句，其中what he was saying作介词of的宾语。

(6)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第二个分句中 handle为定语从句，修饰先行词a mental intensity。

(7)what引导宾语从句。

These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis

(8)．Who am I doing this for？How much is too much？Why am I doing this？How

can I be so selfish？What are the sacrificesfor?

(8)该句为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fears。

I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a

family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in

downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a

group ride with the local triathletes .(9)The list is endless.

(9)I have missed为定语从句，修饰先行词nights out；because引导原因状语从句。

(10)while连接表示对比关系的并列句。

It boils down to this：I was born with an enormous amount of drive and

a small girl，I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on

class work rather than go out and play；I would get the bus on my own at ten years

old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games(10)；I

was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to

it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I'm

applying myself to. (11)

(11)句中if you want为条件状语从句；I roll为定语从句，修饰先行词way；no

matter what引导让步状语从句。

Being a professional athlete is no different .If you want to be an Olympic

champion，it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that

will set you apart fromyour competitors. (12)

(12)if引导条件状语从句，hat强调主语，you have done in your preparation为定语从句，修饰先行词thing。

Can this be overdone？ if your dream is to be the best and reach

the winner's platform (13)，you had better be totally committed to your the

words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting injured (14)，“I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten

years of being average.”

(13)if引导条件状语从句。

(14)even if引导让步状语从句。

Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra

little bit that might take us to the top.(15) It is certainly not a balanced way to live and

it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is

striving for greatness (16)．

(15)what we do as athletes为宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句，其中that

might take us to the top为定语从句，修饰先行词that extra little bit。

(16)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。

速读课文，完成下列任务

Ⅰ.阅读判断

判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：

1．The writer often has many nights out with her friends.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

2．The writer takes part in the sport mainly for her health.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

3．The writer didn't want to attend her brother's wedding.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

4．The writer always wants to live her life to extremes.

A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

5．The writer will drop out of sport in the near future.

A．Right.

[答案] 1—5 BBBAC

Ⅱ.补全信息

选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：

A．to get ahead on class work

B．to be the best and reach the winner's platform

C．to share it with

D．to be at the top in sport

E．to do that extra little bit

F．to be an Olympic champion

1．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in

danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one ．

2．Don't they know how hard it is ？

3．From a small girl，I would stay in at lunch time just rather than go out

and play.

B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.

4．If you want ，it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your

preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.

5．But if your dream is ，you had better be totally committed to your sport.

6．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing

that might take us to the top.

[答案] 1—6 CDAFBE

Ⅲ.表格填空

The situation the writer faces

◆ay parties

Things she gives up as an

Olympic athlete

◆family holidays

◆nights out

◆no longer fun to train with her

◆in danger of being left with only a world

Her friends' worries and

her reactions

3．championship medal and no one to share it with

◆deep down she knew

4．elements of what he was saying were right

◆She was always tired and every workout had a

The fears she faces on a

intensity．

-to-day basis

◆She was pushing the limits and es beyond what

most thought were healthy.

◆From a small girl，she would stay in at lunch time just to

The list of things she has

done

ahead on class work.

◆She would get the bus on her own at ten years old and go

to swim 100 s of the pool.

◆She was the only girl in a club of 250 boys.

细读课文，完成下列任务

Ⅰ.主旨匹配

段落

.1

主旨大意

writer's reactions.

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

writer's questions.

things the writer missed.

friends' worries about the writer.

total commitment to your sport.

way to strive for greatness.

writer's drive and determination.

importance of that little extra thing.

[答案] 1—5 DABCG 6—8 HEF

Ⅱ.课文理解

1．What made her friends worried about the writer?

A．Pushing herself to the limits.

B．Missing birthday parties.

C．Ruining family holidays.

D．Becoming dull to train with her.

2．What is the writer's attitude to her friends' worries in her heart?

A．Angry.

C．Objective.

B．Defensive.

D．Favourable.

3．Why did the writer take her brother's wedding for example?

A．To prove she missed countless birthday parties.

B．To prove she missed countless nights out.

C．To prove she often ruined family holidays.

D．To prove she had to face countless fears in life.

4．What should you do in order to be an Olympic champion?

A．Stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work.

B．Get the bus on your own at a young age.

C．Make your dream different from other competitors.

D．Do that extra little bit that makes you outstanding.

[答案] 1—4 ADCD

Ⅲ.读后续写微技能

读后续写微技能(四)——人物心理活动

A．阅读文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句

1．I could have become angry or defensive.

2．However，deep down I knew elements of what he was saying were right.

3．Who am I doing this for?

B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物心理活动的

1．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in

danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.

2．I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.

3．Being a professional athlete is no different.

[答案] 2、3

1．influence n．影响；影响力 vt.影响；对……起作用→influential adj.有影响力的→influencer n．影响者；有影响力的人

2．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted adj.忠诚的；全心全意的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；热心

3．produce vt.&vi.生产；产生；出产→production n．生产；产量

4．publish vt.&vi.出版→publisher n．出版商→publication n．出版；发行

5．motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；诱发→motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivation n．动机；动力；诱因

6．limit vt.& n．限制，限定→limited adj.有限的

7．convince vt.使确信；使信服→convinced adj.相信的，确信的→convincing adj.令人信服的

8．defend vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defence n．防御；保卫→defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的

9．intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的；激烈的；紧张的→intensity n．强度；强烈

10．count n．总数 vt.点……的数目，计算→countless adj.无数的，数不尽的→counter n．柜台；计数器

11．long adj.长的；冗长的→length n．长度→lengthen vt.加长

12．normal adj.正常的，平常的→abnormal adj.反常的；不规则的

average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数

①An average of 1，500 persons pass here every day.

②Underground water reserves are below average.

③40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people.

④A very average director made very average movies.

知识要点1 devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于

(教材P107)For more than 50 years，he has devoted his life to

50年来，他致力于水稻产量……

[例] A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.

伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。

[知识拓展]

( (doing) sth. 把……献给(做)某事

n.平均数

n.平均水平

adj.平均的

adj.平庸的，普通的

devote oneself to＝be devoted to献身于；专心致力于

(2)devoted adj.

(3)devotion n.

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①He is determined to devote his life to science.

②He married well and happily and was a devoted(devote) father and husband.

③Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping(help) others.

[小片段填空]

He could only devote two hours a day to work on the project，but his devotion to

duty is worth respecting.

知识要点2 limit vt.& n．限制，限定

(教材P108)...such as making to-do lists and limiting time on social networking and

other distractions.

……比如做工作清单，限定用于处理社交网络和其他分心的事情的时间。

[例] There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。

忠实的；深爱的

奉献；关爱

[知识拓展]

(1)set a limit to＝put a limit on 限制；对……加以限制

to the limit

within limits

(2)limit

limit (doing) sth.

(3)limited adj.

be limited to

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving(serve) the people.

②We must limit the expense to 10 pounds.

③Families are limited(limit) to four free tickets each.

知识要点3 convince vt.使确信；使信服

(教材P35)...you've convinced me to read this book!

……你已说服我读这本书了！

[例] Her arguments didn't convince everyone，but changes were made.

她的论点不能说服所有的人，但还是引起了一些变化。

[知识拓展]

(1)convince sth.

convince ...

convince do sth.

(2)convincing adj.

(3)convinced adj.

be convinced of

be convinced (that) ...

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①We've been trying to convince him to give(give) up the plan.

②What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.

③His speech was so convincing(convince) that everyone present believed what he

said.

使某人确信/明白某事

使某人相信……

说服某人做某事

令人信服的

确信的；坚信的

相信……

(某人)相信……

达到极点

适度地，有限地

限定；把……限制在……

限制某人做某事

有限的，受限制的

局限于

④I am quite convinced of her experience in it.

⑤I'm not completely convinced(convince) that he knew the importance of

practice.

[小片段填空]

Jim tried to convince his parents of his words sounded convincing to

them，so they were convinced that his son had made great progress.

知识要点4 ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏

(教材P36) As one of the Olympic athletes，I miss birthday parties，ruin family

holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.

作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚合，破坏家庭假日，晚上不出去玩，但有一个很好的理由放弃这么多。

[例] That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。

[知识拓展]

(1)ruin oneself

ruin one's health/fame

(2)in ruins

bring ruin

fall/go/come into/to ruin

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①If you're addicted to computer games，you'll ruin yourself(you)．

②Many factories fell into ruin after the European debt crisis.

③The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in ruins(ruin)．

[小片段填空]

The earthquake ruined this that the whole area was in ruins．The disaster

brought him to ruin．

知识要点5 countless adj.无数的，数不尽的

(教材P36) I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I

我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出……

[例] She offered him emotional and practical support in countless ways.

自取灭亡

毁坏某人的健康/名誉

毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪

使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产

毁灭；败落

她以数不清的方式给予了他情感上和实质上的支持。

[知识拓展]

count v．

count on doing sth.

count on sth./sb.

count on do sth.

count down

count in

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①If I got into trouble，I could always count on Rose.

②When the game gets started，you can count me in．

③Don't count on other people to help(help) you out of trouble.

知识要点6 apply oneself to sth.努力；专心致志于某事

(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it

is I'm applying myself to.

你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。

[例] If you apply yourself to the job，you'll soon finish it.

如果你努力干，这工作用不了多久就可以完成。

[知识拓展]

(1)apply to sb./sth.

be applied to sth.

(2)apply (to sb.) for sth.

apply to do sth.

(3)application n.

applicant n.

适用于；与……有关

把……应用于……

应用于某事

(向某人)申请某事

申请做某事

应用，申请

申请者

(按顺序)数数；计算(或清点)总数；

把……算入；包括

期望/指望做某事

指望/依靠某事/某人

指望/依靠某人做某事

倒计时；倒数

把……算在内；考虑在内

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译

①In order to know whether his plan was practical，he applied for a study to his

company about it.

②Yao Ming applied himself closely to the study of English when he was in

America.

③In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

④You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to your study．

＝You will pass your exams if you are applied to your study．

如果你专心学习，就会通过考试。

[小片段填空]

The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their

applications．

知识要点7 set sb./使与众不同

(教材P37) If you want to be an Olympic champion，it's all about that little extra

thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.

如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。

[例] Her bright red scarf sets her apart from the other girls.

她那鲜红的围巾使她在姑娘们中间显得特别突出。

[知识拓展]

apart

set from

apart

fall apart

把……拆开

使某人从……中脱颖而出

把……区别开来

崩溃；土崩瓦解

除……之外

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the

following phrases.

②Let's take the machine apart and see what's wrong with it.

咱们把机器拆开看看有什么毛病。

③They are so much alike that I can't tell them apart．

他们那么像以至于我很难把他们区分开。

知识要点8 average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数

(教材P37) I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than

having ten years of being average.我宁愿有三到四年出的获胜经历，也不愿有十年平庸的经历。

[例] The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of

15 ℃.

温室效应使得地球表面的平均温度是15摄氏度。

[知识拓展]

(1)on (the) average

above (the) average

below (the) average

(2)an

the

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①On average，boys like playing football better than girls.

②He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.

③The average of 3，8 and 10 is (be) 7.

④An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.

[名师点津]

“the ”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1 while表转折

(教材P36) I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100

lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games.

我在十岁的时候会自己坐公交车，去游泳池游100个来回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戏。

句式分析：本句中while是转折连词，表示“然而；而”。

[例1] There're plenty of rain in the southeast，while there's little in the northeast.

东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。

平均来看

高于平均水平

低于平均水平

平均有……(后跟数词)

……的平均数

[例2] While Tom's very good at science，his brother is absolutely hopeless.

汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。

[知识拓展]

while除了表示转折，还有以下用法：

(1)while意为“当……时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点。

(2)while意为“虽然；尽管”，表示让步。

(3)while意为“只要”，表示条件。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.

②We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.

③While I was waiting at the bus stop，three buses went by in the opposite

direction.

我在公共汽车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。

重点句式2 强调句型

(教材P37) If you want to be an Olympic champion，it's all about that little

extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your

competitors.

如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。

句式分析：本句为强调句型，强调主句的主语。

[例1] It was on Monday night that all this happened.

所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

[例2] It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins

to look sick.

只有当这种病毒发展成艾 滋病时，人才会显出病态。

[知识拓展]

(1)强调句型的一般陈述句结构为：It ＋ be ＋ 被强调部分＋

(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋?

(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋ is/was ？(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词。)

(的强调句式：It＋ be＋ not until＋被强调部分＋

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①It was because we were late that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than

usual.

②How was it that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?

③It was in the small house which was built with stones by his father that he spent

his childhood.

他是在一个他父亲用石头建成的小房子里度过他的童年的。

[名师点津]

判断强调句型的方法

将表示强调结构的it's和that去掉，如果句子仍然完整，则是强调句型，否则就不是。

1．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in

danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.

[分析] 句中He was worried 后是and连接两个that引导的宾语从句，动名词短语being left with only a world championship medal作in danger of的宾语。

[翻译] 他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。

2．I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a

family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown

Johannesburg and driving through the “no­go” areas in order to do a group ride with

the local triathletes.

[分析] 句中I have missed为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词birthday parties and nights out，because引导原因状语从句，in order to do a group ride

with the local triathletes为目的状语从句。

[翻译] 我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出；毁掉了在法国的家庭假日，因为无休止地寻一个训练的游泳池；几乎错过我哥哥的婚礼，因为我在约翰内斯堡市中心忙着租车，且开车穿过“禁入”区以便和当地的铁人三项运动员

一起进行团体骑行。

3．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that

extra little bit that might take us to the top.

[分析]句中的what we do是宾语从句，作doing的宾语；because引导原因状语从句；that might take us to the top是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little bit。

[翻译] 作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。

教材

more than 50 years，he has

devoted his life to

高考

(2020·北京卷)For the past five years，Paula

Smith，a historian of science，has devoted

herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques.

(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)He says it's not easy to

convince people that nutria fur is green，but he

has no doubt about it.

，you've convinced me to read

this book！

one of the Olympic athletes，I

miss birthday parties，ruin family

holidays and skip nights out，but

there is a very good reason for

giving up so much.

(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Who hasn't received an email

so annoying that it ruined an entire day？

北京卷)Over time，the bags fall apart into

4.I think of countless birthday

(2020·parties and nights out I have

countless tiny pieces，and fish can accidentally

missed，...

5.I'd prefer to have three or four

outstanding years of winning stuff

than having ten years of being

average.

eat some of them.

(2020·江苏卷)Then，on two separate morning

visits to the scientists' lab，each man walked for

an hour at an average speed that，in theory

should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for

fuel.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It was the boy who had been in prison that stole the money.

2．The trouble is that these restrictions have remained while other things have

changed.

3．I have twenty novels and countless(count) magazine stories to my credit.

4．The town walls were built as a defence(defend) against enemy attacks.

5．He was convinced(convince) that doctors and dentists knew best.

6．The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford.

7．All his spare time has been devoted to learning(learn) English over the radio.

8．Faulks has applied himself(him) to this task with considerable energy.

9．This will set you apart and gain you immediate respect and credibility.

10．On average，a platypus eats as much food as half of its own weight every day.

Ⅱ.短语填空

apply oneself to；apart from；stay in；boil down to；；on average

1．I stayed in and looked through Tom's old stuff.

2．He applied himself to the task with diligence.

3．On average each report requires two months to prepare.

4．I have personally been devoted to this cause for many years.

5．The advice we gave him boiled down to this：he should take care of his health.

6．Apart from some spelling mistakes，the composition is fairly good.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

As an Olympic athlete，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights

friend was worried that I had no longer become fun train(train) with and

that I was in danger of left(leave) with only a world championship medal and no

one to share it down I knew ts(element) of what he was saying were

right.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.

This is because I born(bear) with an enormous amount of drive and

ination(determine)．Being a professional athlete is no you want to

be Olympic champion，it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your

preparation that will set you apart your we do as

athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us

to the is certainly not a ed(balance) way to live and it is certainly not

normal but those words are lly(general) not used for anyone who is striving

for greatness.

冠词

[观察例句]

1．We've bought a new washing machine.

2．I saw a girl climbing up the was carrying a heavy backpack.

3．The car is dirty.

4．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

5．The computer is the most important invention of the 20th century.

6．I find snakes fascinating.

[归纳用法]

1．单数可数名词前，泛指某人、某事。当把该人或该事作为一组、一类的例子时，经常用不定冠词a/an。

2．第一次提及某事时用不定冠词a/an。

3．别人知道我们谈论的是哪个人、哪件事，并能很容易判定该人、该事时，用定冠词the。

4．世界上独一无二的事物前，用定冠词the。

5．与单数名词连用表示整个种类，用定冠词the。

6．表示泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前，不用冠词。

一、不定冠词

1．表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。

I'll return in a day or two.

2．表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。

The children are of an age.

3．表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。

He wants to be a doctor.

A dog is a faithful animal.

4．用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。

Yesterday I bought a cost me 30 yuan.

5．用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。

We have meals three times a day.

6．用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a certain”。

A is asking to see you.

7．与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/……”。

There was a heavy rain yesterday.

He gave us a big surprise.

8．用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。

He wanted to try a second time.

9．表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。

We have a warm winter this year.

This evening I had a big supper.

10．用在某些固定词组中。

have a swim

once in a while

in a hurry

at a time

[即学即练]——单句语法填空

①They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.

②I really enjoyed my stay in Xi''s indeed worth a second visit.

二、定冠词

1．用于上文提到过的人或事物前。

I have bought a book is very useful.

2．用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。

Close the window，please.

3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：the sun。

4．用于表示方位的名词之前，如：in the east。

5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前，如：the first，the most interesting。

6．用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，表示“越……越……”。

The more，the better.

all of a sudden

as a result (of)

as a whole