现在分词和过去分词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法

1、否定形式（前面加not）

Not given a chance, he felt disappointed.

Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for help.

2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等；及物动词常用过去分词。

There are many events happening in the world everyday.

provide help for the people going hungry.

the remaining books

3、现在分词表动作的主动或正在发生；过去分词表动作的被动或已经完成。

the falling/ fallen leaves the boiling/ boiled water the rising/ risen sun

the developed/ developing countries a polluted river a sleeping boy

4、分词不具有名词特征，不可做主语或宾语。（定语、表语、状语、宾补/主补）

Participating in various social activities is beneficial to our future. (动名词)

Praised in public made him shy. (错)

Being praised in public made him shy.

一、 做定语/表语

1、和定语从句的转换

The student who is sleeping has suffered a high fever.

The sleeping student has suffered a high fever.

Those who have drunk the water which is polluted may get poisoned.

Those who have drunk the polluted water may get poisoned.

2、单个分词做定语常置于名词之前；分词短语常置于名词之后。

Do you know the man seated/ sitting next to the professor?

The man looking at the map has got lost.

The building completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention.

比较：The building being built has caught many people’s attention.

The building to be built next year is well designed.

3、现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别

a reading room (动名词) a swimming pool（动名词）

a crying baby（现在分词） a washing machine（动名词）

4、使役动词的分词形式做定语或表语时，常遵循人V-ed,物V-ing的原则，但修饰反映人心理活动或某种情绪的词时，用V-ed形式.

encouraging words an embarrassing atmosphere feel embarrassed be

shocked

excited tears a surprised/ determined/ frightened look

After hearing my encouraging words, a determined look appeared on his face.

5、修饰令他人有某种情绪的词时，无论人还是物均用V-ing.

The disappointing student has disappointed his parents a second time.

6、有些分词已经形容词化了

a demanding job a promising teacher an interesting book

三、做状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语）

1、强调前后主语的一致。

Seen from the hill, I find our school small.(错)

Seen from the hill, our school looks small.

Seeing from the hill, I find our school small.

2、原因、时间、条件、让步、方式状语常置于句首，不强调动作先后时遵循主动V-ing被动V-ed。

Given more time, I could do better.

Being too fat, you should take regular exercise to lose weight.

Determined to catch up with others, he works day and night.

Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.

3、若有时间先后，可借助having

Having failed many times, he made up his mind to go abroad for further education.

Having been shown around Tian’anmen Square, the tourists were taken to visit the

Palace Museum.

Not having met him before, I’m very curious.

4、伴随状语常置于句末

They’re still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation.

The students are riding on the street, talking and laughing.

5、结果状语常置于句末，典型例子making, leaving, causing

They all left, leaving me standing there alone.

English is spoken by many people in various countries, making it the most popular

language in the world.

比较：不定式做结果状语

He went abroad, never to return.

They lifted a rock, only to drop it on their own feet.

四、 做宾补常用于以下结构

1、see/ hear/ watch/ notice/ find/ feel + sb + 分词

I saw a book lying there

A book was seen lying there.

He found his hometown greatly changed after many years.

2、leave/ keep + 宾语 + 分词

A flood hit the area the other day, leaving few houses standing.

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

3、have/ get +宾语 + 分词

It is time that you had your washing machine repaired.

I can’t get my car going.

I will try my best to get my English improved.

4、catch/ send sb doing →be caught/ sent doing

The girl who was caught cheating has admitted her mistake.

A sudden rain sent the players and the audience running in all directions for cover.

5、with+ 宾语+ 分词

With the population growing rapidly, we need more living materials.

With green trees surrounded, it is really a good place to live in.

With the fellow leading the way, we had no trouble finding the temple.

五、 前后主语不一致时，可用独立主格结构

Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meeting.

Money collected, we set about carrying out the plan.

The sun risen, everything looks beautiful.

There being 阿 heavy rain, we had to have a break.

六、 一些常用固定结构

judging from/ by…

considering…

compared with…

to tell you the truth…

generally speaking…

speaking of…

including…/included

Judging from his look, we thought he was badly hurt.

Considering the present economic situation, you should cut back on your expenses.

Speaking of factories, people often think of air and water pollution.

Compared with the students in the remote mountainous areas, you are so lucky.

Many a student has made great progress, including some naughty ones.

七、 拓展：there be结构和非谓语动词的连用。

1、There be… + doing/ done/ to do

There are large areas polluted by industrial waste.

There used to be many birds flying in the blue sky.

What troubles him these days is that there are too many things to do.

2、动词+ there to be/ there being…如expect/ want/ like/ hate/ mind/ imagine等

As senior middle school students, we expect there to be more free time to relax

ourselves.

Do you mind there being two more students in your class?

3、句型It is + adj.+ for + there to be…

It is common for there to be a misunderstanding between teachers and students.

I. 单项选择

1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.

A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen

2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come

here and get my false teeth ____.

A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix

3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___ to hear her sing.

A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure

C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure

4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.

A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy

C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy

5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at

all.

A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared

6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.

A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design

7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.

A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved

8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.

A. following B. to be following

C. followed D. having followed

9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.

A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost

10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself

____.

A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear

11. The result of the test was rather _____.

A. disappointed B. disappointing

C. being disappointed D. disappoint

12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.

A. use B. used C. using D. being used

13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.

A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known

14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.

A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved

15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.

A. Having shown B. Showing

C. Has shown D. Having been shown

17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.

A. gathering B. gathered

C. gather D. being gathered

18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.

A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed

19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.

A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces

20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.

A. live B. to live C. lived D. living

21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.

A. understand B. understanding

C. to understand D. understood

22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.

A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling

23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.

A. busily prepared B. busy preparing

C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing

24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.

A. covering, falling B. covered, falling

C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen

25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.

A. to learn B. learn

C. learned D. learning

1. The old farmer________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the

burning house, ________for help.

A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called

C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called

2. -Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?

-We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.

A. be discussed B. being discussing

C. discussed D. which discussed

3. The brave man died, ________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage.

A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken

C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking

4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.

A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked

C. Having never worked D. Never have worked

5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A. No passing B. Having passed

C. Not passing D. Not having passed

6. Time________, I can have done it better.

A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit

7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.

A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost

C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key

8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.

A. Being translated B. Having translated

C. To be translated D. Having been translated

9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and

was at a loss what to do.

A. Having blamed B. To blame

C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame

10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine

with him wherever he goes.

A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered

11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.

A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge

12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to

the rain.

A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed

C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed

13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________.

A. including B. being including C. to include D. included

14. -Who were those people with the flags?

-A group________ itself the League of Peace.

A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called

15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it.

A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told

16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.

A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning

17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is

preparing a speech for the party ________ at Marie’s house tomorrow.

A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held

C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held

18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.

A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling

C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling

19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.

A. find B. finding C. found D. to find

20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up.

A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard

21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun.

(2005，重庆卷)

A. had B. have C. to have D. having

22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

hung g hung

24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and

animals not found in any other country in the world.

separated B. Having separated

C. Having been separated D. To be separated

26.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.(2000上海卷)

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

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动名词部分

one enjoys_________at.

ng laugh laughed be laughed

must do something to prevent your house__________.

be broken in being broken in

break in breaking in

insisted on ______another chance to try.

given be given

4.—Where is my passport? I remember ________it here.

—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember ________it with you all the time.

put；to take g；taking

g；to take put；taking

room needs _______, so he must have it _________.

ng； painted d； painting

ng； painting d； painted

finishing his homework he went on _______a letter to his parents.

g write

young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.

g after look after

be looked after good care of

______English doesn't mean______ the language.

learn；to learn ng；learning

ng about；learn ng about；learning

returned home only to find the door open and something _______.

be missing g be missed

decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.

study ng studying

er ______the newspaper when you have finished it.

g back back put back put back

she is looking forward to _______from me, please remember_______ this letter

on your way to school.

；post g；to post

heard；posting hearing；to posting

a said that she had a lot of trouble _______your handwriting.

read see g seeing

g stories and articles ________what I enjoy most.

appreciate_________ us to the ball.

to invite invite inviting invited

you mind _______quiet for a moment? I'm trying______ a form.

g；filling out keep；to fill out

g；to fill out keep；filling out

was afraid_______ for being late.

seeing being seen be seen have seen

18.I'd like to suggest _______the meeting till next week.

put off g off off be put off

19.I don't see how I could possibly manage______the work without________ .

；helping finish；being helped

ing；helping ing；being helped

ng worth________ is worthy of ________well.

；being done ；doing

be done；to be done be done；being done

advised them to take a rest, but they insisted____ the work.

finish finishing finishing

22.I delayed ______ your letter because I had been away for a week.

ing g post

thief drove as fast as he could to escape________ by the police.

be caught caught caught ng

24.I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I____ it at home.

Then I remembered ______it out to pay for the taxi.

have left；to take leave；taking

leave； to take have left；taking

25.______the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.

hearing hearing hearing heared

26._______his mother, the baby could not help______.

see；to laugh ； to laugh

；laughing see；laughing

's no use _______so much money on clothes.

ng spent

sentence needs______.

e B.a improvement ing ed

he succeeded _______a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.

find look for finding looking for

30.I still remember ______to my home town when I was young.

taken take

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