人教版选择性必修第四册Unit1 Science Fiction 重点单词短语总结

Unit 1 Science Fiction

【话题词汇】

tion n. 创新；革新

re n. 硬件；硬设备

se n. 数据库

4.e-book n. 电子书

rd n. 密码

hone n. 智能手机

tic adj. 自动的

l vt. 安装

vt. 上传

ate vt. 计算

vt. 浏览

le adj. 可信赖的；可信任的

le adj. 可携带的

l adj. 数字的；数码的

igent adj. 智能的；有才智的

adj. 手工的；手动的

【话题短语】

in/on 登陆

off/out 退出

the data 存储数据

down/off 关闭；关机

down 系统瘫痪

cial intelligence(AI) 人工智能

information superhighway 信息高速公路

a breakthrough 突破

ation Technology 信息技术

control 远程遥控

【话题佳句】

2015, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Noble Prize in Physiology or

Medicine due to the great breakthrough she had made in medicine。

由于在医学方面取得巨大突破，中国科学家屠呦呦2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

the first spaceship was launched, some sci-fi novels and the space toys have

been launched one after another.自从第一艘宇宙飞 船发射以来，一些科幻小说和太空玩具也陆续上市。

the nearest future, social robots will gain greater popularity among young

people.在不远的将来，社交机器人将在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。

【话题练习】

need to key in your password to log in/on.

你需要输入密码才能登录。

recent years, with the rapid development of the technology, the 3D printing

has made a huge breakthrough in the field of medical and education.

近年来，随着技术的发展，3D打印已率先在教育、医疗领域获得应用上的突破。

男性/女性同一职业写法不同的词：

①actor/actress

②waiter/waitress

③host/hostess

④god/goddess

⑤prince/princess

-de结尾动词变成名词时后缀为-sion的词：

①explode－explosion

②decide－decision

③conclude－conclusion

④include－inclusion

⑤exclude－exclusion

out的短语荟萃

①test out 检测；测试

②turn out 朝外；结果是

③cut out 切断；删除；停止

④run out 用光；耗尽

⑤let out 释放；泄漏

⑥come out 出版；开花；结果是

⑦give out 分发；释放

“have＋a/an＋noun”短语荟萃

①have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事

②have a preference for 对……有偏爱

③have a passion for 对……有热情

④have a talent/gift for 对……有天赋

高频考点探究

1．appointment n．约会；预约；委任

【典型例句】

Ms. Payne said she was honoured to accept the appointment and looked forward to

its challenges.

佩恩女士说她很荣幸接受这一任命，并期待着它所带来的挑战。

(1)have/make an appointment with sb. 和某人约好……

(2)appoint vt. 任命；委派；指定；预约

appoint sb. (as) sth./ sb. be appointed as sth. 委任某人……职位

appoint sb. to do sth. 指定某人做某事

(3)the appointed time 指定时间

【佳句背诵】

[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文写作]The participants, eager and energetic, gathered

together at the appointed time, and throw themselves forwards from the starting line

like arrows at the school gate at 7：00 am.

兴奋而又充满活力的参赛者在指定时间集合，于早上7：00从校门口出发。

2．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布

【典型例句】

She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day.

她听托尼说他明天并不想离开她。

(1)declare war on 向……宣战

declare independence/bankrupt 宣布独立/破产

( (to be/as)．.. 宣布……成为……

(3)declare for/against 表示赞成/反对

(4)declaration n. 声称；声明

the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》

【佳句背诵】

My desire is to work in a technology giant as a program designer. My parents do

not declare for the idea that I should work in a technology giant as a programmer,

because they concern that I may take too much pressure.

我的愿望是去一家科技巨头担任程序员，但是我的父母不同意我的观点，因为他们担心我会承担太大的压力。

3．superior adj. 上级的；优秀的 n．上级，长官；优胜者

【典型例句】

In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.

在科幻故事中，机器人往往凌驾于人类并接管世界。

(1)be superior/ 比……高级/低级

(2)superior intelligence 更强的智力

the superior team 更优秀的队伍

be superior in number 数量上占优【巧学速记】

自身含有比较意义的形容词(这些形容词没有比较级和最高级)

superior 更高级的；上级的

inferior 更低级的；下级的

senior 年长的；高级的；地位较高的

Junior 年少的；低级的；地位较低的

4．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐

【典型例句】

I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my

eyes.

我迫切想看在我眼前一闪而过的这些东西。

(1)have an urge to do sth. 迫切想做某事

(2)urge sth./ 催促某物/某人前进

urge sb. to do/into doing sth. 催促某人做某事

(should) do sth. 极力主张；强调……

It is (should) do sth. 坚决要求……

(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的

(4)urgency n. 紧急情况

【巧学速记】

以-ent结尾的adj.变成名词时需要变成-ency结尾的词：

urgent→urgency

fluent→fluency

frequent→frequency

emergent→emergency

【佳句背诵】

Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so

we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look at least.

虽然她的描述听着不错，但是价格超出了我们的能力范围，所以我们拒绝了。但是她极力劝说我们至少看一看。

5．on a．..basis 根据；以……的方式

【教材原句】

Money paid for work or service, typically on a daily or weekly basis.按日或是周结算的工资。

(1)on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周

on a regular basis＝regularly 有规律地

(2)base vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础

以……为根据/基础

be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据

(3)be on the 以……为基础/依据

basically adv. 基本上，大体上

【写作金句】Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest.”；our

success is based on/upon cooperating with others.常言道，独木不成林。我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。

6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管

【典型例句】

In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.在科幻故事中，机器人往往凌驾于人类并接管世界。

【拓展延伸】

over短语总结

take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理

hand over 交出；移交

turn over 反复思考；翻阅

drop over 顺便来访

pull over 靠边停车

get over 克服；恢复过来

blow over 吹散；平息；淡忘

7．or rather 更确切地说(插入语)

【典型例句】

So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather, to scan.所以，克莱尔借了一些图书馆的书让他读，或者更确切的说，去扫描。

(1)or rather＝more specifically 更确切地说(插入语)

(2)rather＝on the contrary 相反的

(3)rather than(前后连接形式一致， to可省略)而不是

【写作金句】She didn't lose heart. Rather, it made her fall in love with dance and

determined to become a successful disabled dancer.她并没有失去信心。反而，这让她爱上了舞蹈并决心成为一名成功的残疾舞蹈家。

8．It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。(P4)

【句型公式】“It be＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式， 其中it是形式主语， 真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：

(1)It be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，)＋that从句

(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，)＋that从句

【写作金句】 It's my great honor to inform you that this year's music festival

will be held shortly.

很荣幸告知您，今年的音乐节即将于近期举办。

9．It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its

career.

就是在晚上十点时，第一台时间机器开始运转。(P8)

【词块必记】

It hat/who强调结构，把需要强调的成分放到此结构中，作为强调的部

分。It hat/who强调结构有如下几个变形：

(1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋

(2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋?

(3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋?

(4)特殊结构：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋

【思维拓展】

not until结构倒装：在句型结构中， 可以把not until提到句首， 此时主句用部分倒装语序。 如：

[2017·天津卷]I didn't pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.

＝It wasn't until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(强调句型)

＝Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒装句型)

【写作金句】

Although I had made full preparations before I left home to study in a new school, I

got through many difficulties. While studying in the school，I sometimes got tired of

the new school life. It was my teacher's encouragement that added to my confidence

and helped me get along well with my studies.尽管离家上学前我已经做好了充足准备，但是我还是遇到了很多困难。在学校学习期间，我有时会对新学校的生活感到厌倦。是老师的鼓励增强了我的信心让我在学业上取得进步。